Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon

Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon kunokubona iipolyps kunye nomhlaza wokuqala emathunjini amakhulu. Olu hlobo lokuhlola lunokufumana iingxaki ezinokunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uvele okanye usasazeke.Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa ngumhlaza obomvu.

UKUHLOLA IIMVAVANYO

Zininzi iindlela zokujonga umhlaza wekolon.

Uvavanyo lwelindle:

• Iipolyps kwikholoni kunye nomhlaza omncinci kunokubangela ukopha okuncinci okungabonakaliyo ngamehlo. Kodwa igazi lihlala lifumaneka kwisitulo.
• Le ndlela ijonga isitulo sakho segazi.
• Olona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lusetyenzisiweyo luvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi (FOBT). Ezinye iimvavanyo ezimbini zibizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kunye ne-stool DNA test (sDNA).

Isigmoidoscopy:

• Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa indawo encinci yokutshintsha ukujonga indawo esezantsi yekholoni yakho. Kuba uvavanyo lujonga kuphela isinye kwisithathu sokugqibela samathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni), inokuphosa ezinye iicancer eziphezulu kumathumbu amakhulu.
• I-Sigmoidoscopy kunye novavanyo lwe-stool zinokusetyenziswa kunye.

Colonoscopy:

• I-colonoscopy ifana ne-sigmoidoscopy, kodwa yonke ikholoni inokujongwa.
• Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukunika amanyathelo okucoca amathumbu akho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukulungiselela amathumbu.
• Ngexesha lekolonoscopy, ufumana iyeza lokukwenza ukhululeke kwaye ulale.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kusetyenziswa njengenye indlela kwi-colonoscopy eqhelekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-colonoscopy ebonakalayo.

Olunye uvavanyo:

• I-Capsule endoscopy ibandakanya ukuginya ikhamera encinci, enobungakanani bepilisi ethatha ividiyo yangaphakathi yamathumbu akho. Indlela iyafundwa, ke ayikhuthazwa into yokuba kuhlolwe umgangatho ngeli xesha.

UKUKHANGELWA KWABANTU ABANGUMNGCIPHEKO

Akukho bungqina baneleyo bokuthi yeyiphi indlela yovavanyo efanelekileyo. Kodwa, icolonoscopy icace gca. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuba loluphi uvavanyo olulungele wena.

Bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini kufuneka babe novavanyo lokuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon ukuqala kubudala beminyaka engama-50. Abanye ababoneleli bacebisa ukuba abantu base-Afrika baseMelika baqale ukuhlolwa kwiminyaka engama-45.

Ngokunyuka kwangoko komhlaza wekolon kubantu abakwiminyaka yama-40, uMbutho waseMelika woMhlaza ucebisa ukuba amadoda nabafazi abasempilweni baqale ukuvavanya beneminyaka engama-45. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba unomdla.

Izinketho zokuhlola abantu abanomngcipheko ophakathi komhlaza wekolon:

• IColonoscopy qho kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-45 okanye engama-50
• I-FOBT okanye i-FIT minyaka le (i-colonoscopy iyafuneka ukuba iziphumo ziqinisekile)
• I-sDNA yonke iminyaka eli-1 okanye emi-3 (ikholonoscopy iyafuneka ukuba iziphumo ziqinisekile)
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguqukayo yonke iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10, ihlala ivavanywa nge-stool FOBT yenziwe rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwemi-3
• I-colonoscopy eyiyo rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5

UKUHLAWULWA KWABANTU OBUSEKHAYA

Abantu abanemingcipheko ethile yomhlaza wekolon bangadinga kwangaphambili (ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50) okanye ukuvavanywa rhoqo.

Izinto ezinobungozi eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Imbali yosapho ye-colorectal cancer syndromes ezelwe njengelifa, ezinje nge-adenomatous polyposis (FAP) okanye ilifa lomhlaza nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
• Imbali yosapho eyomeleleyo yomhlaza obomvu okanye iipolyps. Oku kuhlala kuthetha izihlobo ezisondeleyo (umzali, umntakwenu, okanye umntwana) ophuhlise le meko engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60.
• Imbali yobuqu yomhlaza obomvu okanye iipolyps.
• Imbali yobuqu yexesha elide (elingapheliyo) lesifo sokukrala kwamathumbu (umzekelo, ulcerative colitis okanye isifo seCrohn).

Ukuvavanywa kwala maqela kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe kusetyenziswa i-colonoscopy.

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza wekolon; Colonoscopy - ukuhlolwa; Sigmoidoscopy - ukuhlolwa; I-colonoscopy ebonakalayo -ukujonga; Uvavanyo lwe-Fecal immunochemical; Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yolwelo; Uvavanyo lwe-sDNA; Umhlaza ongalunganga-ukuhlolwa; Uvavanyo lomhlaza obonakalayo

• I-ulcerative colitis - ukukhutshwa

• Colonoscopy
• Amathumbu amakhulu emathumbu
• Umhlaza weSigmoid colon - x-ray
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola kwegazi

IGarber JJ, iChung DC. IiColyp polyps kunye neepolyposis syndromes. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 126.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ngokungalunganga (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal-screening-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 17, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Novemba 13, 2020.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, okqhubekayo. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ongalunganga: izindululo zoogqirha kunye nezigulana ezivela kwi-U.S. Multi-Society Task Force kwiColorectal Cancer. NdinguJ Gastroenterol. Ngo-2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. IINKCUKACHA: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630/.

Iinkonzo zoThintelo lweeNkonzo zoMsebenzi wase-US. Isiteyitimenti sokugqibela sengcebiso. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ngokungalunganga. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. Ipapashwe ngoJuni 15, 2016. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 18, 2020.

I-Wolf AMD, i-Fontham ETH, iBandla TR, et al. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ocacileyo kubantu abadala abasemngciphekweni: Uhlaziyo lwesikhokelo se2018 esivela kwiAmerican Cancer Society. Umhlaza kwi-CA. 2018; 68 (4): 250-281. IINKCUKACHA: 29846947 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29846947/.