Uvavanyo lwexesha leProthrombin

Umxholo

• Kutheni kwenziwa uvavanyo lwexesha leprothrombin?
• Uvavanyo lwexesha leprothrombin lwenziwa njani?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko enxulumene novavanyo lwexesha leprothrombin?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ushwankathelo

Uvavanyo lwexesha le-prothrombin (PT) lilinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuba iplasma yakho iqume. Iprothrombin, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-factor II, yenye yeeproteni ezininzi zeplasma ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokujiya.

Kutheni kwenziwa uvavanyo lwexesha leprothrombin?

Xa usikwa kwaye umthambo wegazi lakho ugqabhukile, iiplatelets zegazi ziqokelela kwindawo yenxeba. Benza iplagi yethutyana ukunqanda ukopha. Ukulungiselela ukuvelisa ihlwili elomeleleyo legazi, uthotho lweeproteni ezili-12 zeplasma, okanye izinto ezijiyayo, zisebenza kunye ukwenza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrin, evala inxeba.

Ingxaki yokopha eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hemophilia inokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho wenze izinto ezithile zokugungqa ngokungachanekanga, okanye hayi kwaphela. Amanye amayeza, isifo sesibindi, okanye ukunqongophala kukavithamini K kunokubangela ukwakheka okungaqhelekanga.

Iimpawu zesifo esophayo zibandakanya:

• ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula
• ukopha okungayi kuyeka, kwanasemva kokufaka uxinzelelo enxebeni
• amaxesha anzima okuya exesheni
• igazi kumchamo
• amalungu adumbileyo okanye abuhlungu
• impumlo

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unengxaki yokopha, banokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-PT ukubanceda ukuba bafumane isifo. Nangona ungenayo impawu yesifo sokuphuma kwegazi, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-PT ukuqinisekisa ukuba igazi lakho ligubungela ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando olukhulu.

Ukuba uthatha iyeza le-warfarin elinciphisa igazi, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo rhoqo ze-PT ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuthathi amayeza amaninzi. Ukuthatha i-warfarin eninzi kunokubangela ukopha kakhulu.

Isifo sesibindi okanye ukusilela kwe-vitamin K kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-PT ukuba ijonge ukuba igazi lakho lijiye njani ukuba unayo enye yezi meko.

Uvavanyo lwexesha leprothrombin lwenziwa njani?

Amayeza okucoca igazi anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Tshela ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza kunye nezongezelelo ozithathayo. Baza kukucebisa malunga nokuba uyeke ukuthatha ngaphambi kovavanyo. Awuyi kuzila ukutya phambi kwe-PT.

Kuya kufuneka utsale igazi lakho kuvavanyo lwe-PT. Le yinkqubo yezigulana ezingalaliswayo zihlala ziqhutywa kwilebhu yokuqonda isifo. Ithatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa kwaye ibangela ukuba kungabikho zintlungu.

Umongikazi okanye iphlebotomist (umntu oqeqeshelwe ukuzoba igazi) uya kusebenzisa inaliti encinci ukutsala igazi emthanjeni, ngesiqhelo engalweni okanye esandleni sakho. Ingcali yaselebhu iya kongeza imichiza egazini ukubona ukuba ithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze iqokobhe lenze.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko enxulumene novavanyo lwexesha leprothrombin?

Zimbalwa kakhulu iingozi ezinxulumene nokutsalwa kwegazi lakho kuvavanyo lwe-PT. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo sokopha, usemngciphekweni ophakamileyo wokopha kakhulu kunye nehematoma (igazi eliqokelelana phantsi kolusu).

Kukho umngcipheko omncinci kakhulu wosulelo kwindawo yokuhlatywa. Unokuziva ufe isiqaqa okanye uzive ukhathazekile okanye iintlungu kwindawo ekutsalwe kuyo igazi lakho. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqaphele umntu ohambisa uvavanyo ukuba uqala ukuziva unesiyezi okanye utyhafile.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo?

I-plasma yegazi ngesiqhelo ithatha phakathi kwe-11 kunye ne-13.5 yemizuzwana yokugubungela ukuba awuthathi iyeza lokucoca igazi. Iziphumo ze-PT zihlala zixelwa njengomlinganiso oqhelekileyo kwilizwe jikelele (INR) ochazwe njengenani. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lomntu ongathathi gazi lonyango lwe-0.9 ukuya kwi-1.1. Kumntu othatha i-warfarin, i-INR ecwangcisiweyo ihlala iphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3.5.

Ukuba igazi lakho liyajiya ngaphakathi kwesiqhelo sexesha, ngekhe ubenasifo sokopha. Ukuba u are ukuthatha igazi elincinci, ihlwili liyakuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ixesha lakho lokuvala injongo.

Ukuba igazi lakho aligubungeli ixesha eliqhelekileyo, unokuthi:

• ube kwidosi engalunganga ye-warfarin
• unesifo sesibindi
• ukuswela i-vitamin K
• unesifo sokuphuma kwegazi, njengokunqongophala kwento II

Ukuba unesifo esophayo, ugqirha unokucebisa unyango endaweni yoko okanye utofelo lwegazi okanye iiplasma.