Amadlala adrenal

Amadlala ngamadlala amabini amancinci amilise unxantathu. Idlala elinye libekwe ngaphezulu kwentso nganye.

Idlala ngalinye leadrenal lilingana nenxalenye ephezulu yesithupha. Inxalenye engaphandle yedlala ibizwa ngokuba yicortex. Ivelisa iihomoni ze-steroid ezinje ngecortisol, aldosterone, kunye neehomoni ezinokutshintshwa zibe yi testosterone. Inxalenye engaphakathi yedlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-medulla. Ivelisa i-epinephrine kunye ne-norepinephrine. Ezi hormone zibizwa ngokuba yi-adrenaline kunye ne-noradrenaline.

Xa amadlala evelisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwehomoni kunesiqhelo, unokugula. Oku kunokwenzeka ekuzalweni okanye kamva ebomini.

Amadlala adrenal anokuchaphazeleka kwizifo ezininzi, ezinje ngezifo ezenzeka emzimbeni, usulelo, tumors kunye nokopha. Ezinye zihlala zisisigxina kwaye ezinye ziyahamba ekuhambeni kwexesha. Amayeza anokuchaphazela namadlala adrenal.

I-pituitary, incindi encinci emazantsi engqondo, ikhupha ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-ACTH ebalulekileyo ekuvuseleleni i-adrenal cortex. Izifo zangasese zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zomsebenzi we-adrenal.

Iimeko ezinxulumene neengxaki ze-adrenal gland ziquka:

• Isifo iAddison, esikwabizwa ngokuba kukungonelisi kwe-adrenal-disorder eyenzekayo xa amadlala e-adrenal engavelisi iihomoni ezaneleyo
• I-congenital adrenal hyperplasia -ingxaki apho i-adrenal glands ayinayo i-enzyme efunekayo ukwenza i-hormone
• I-Cushing syndrome -ingxaki eyenzeka xa umzimba ukwinqanaba eliphezulu le-cortisol yehomoni
• Isifo seswekile (iswekile ephezulu yegazi) ebangelwa yi-adrenal gland eyenza i-cortisol eninzi kakhulu
• Amayeza eglucocorticoid anje nge-prednisone, dexamethasone, kunye namanye
• Izinwele ezigqithisileyo okanye ezingafunekiyo kubafazi (hirsutism)
• Ukutsiba ngasemva kwamagxa (iphedi ye-dorsocervical fat)
• Hypoglycemia - iswekile esezantsi yegazi
• I-aldosteronism yaseprayimari (i-Conn syndrome) -ingxaki apho i-adrenal gland ikhupha kakhulu i-hormone aldosterone
• Ukopha okukhulu kwe-adrenal hemorrhage (I-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) -ukusilela kwamadlala e-adrenal ukuba asebenze njengesiphumo sokuphuma kwegazi kwincindi, edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nosulelo olukhulu, olubizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis

• Amadlala endocrine
• Amadlala adrenal
• I-adrenal gland biopsy

UFryman TC. Ndlala Adrenal. Ku: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, ii-eds. U-Andreoli kunye no-Cecil we-Carpenter we-Essentials of Medicine. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 64.

Ixabiso elitsha le-JDC, i-Auchus RJ. I-adrenal cortex. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus, RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 15.

Imile S.Suprarenal (adrenal) idlala. Ku: Ukuma kwe-S, ed. IGrey's Anatomy. 41 ehleliwe. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 71.