Ukutya okwenziwe ngemfuza

Ukutya okwenziwe ngobuchwephesha bemfuza (i-GE) kuye kwatshintshwa i-DNA yabo kusetyenziswa iigene ezivela kwezinye izityalo okanye izilwanyana. Izazinzulu zithatha imizila yemfuza yophawu olufunwayo kwisityalo esinye okanye isilwanyana, kwaye ziyifaka loo seli kwiseli sesinye isilwanyana okanye isilwanyana.

Ubunjineli bemfuza bunokwenziwa ngezityalo, izilwanyana, okanye intsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci. Ubunjineli bemfuza buvumela izazinzulu ukuba zihambise imizila yemfuza evela kwesinye isityalo okanye isilwanyana iye kwenye. Imfuza inokuhanjiswa isuswe kwisilwanyana iye kwisityalo okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Elinye igama loku zizinto eziphilayo eziguqulweyo, okanye ii-GMO.

Inkqubo yokwenza ukutya kwe-GE yahlukile kunokukhetha ukuzala. Oku kubandakanya ukukhetha izityalo okanye izilwanyana ezineempawu ezinqwenelekayo nokuzalanisa. Ixesha elingaphezulu, oku kukhokelela kwinzala enezo mpawu zifunwayo.

Enye yeengxaki ngokukhetha ngokuzala kukuba inokubangela neempawu ezingafunekiyo. Ubunjineli bemfuza buvumela oososayensi ukuba bakhethe uhlobo olunye lokwenza ubungakanani. Oku kuthintela ukwazisa ezinye iintlobo zemfuza ezineempawu ezingathandekiyo. Ubunjineli bemfuza buyanceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokudala ukutya okutsha kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo.

Izibonelelo ezinokubakho kubunjineli bemfuza zibandakanya:

• Ukutya okunesondlo ngakumbi
• Ukutya okumnandi
• Izifo- kunye nezityalo ezixhathisa imbalela ezifuna ubutyebi bendalo esingqongileyo (njengamanzi nesichumiso)
• Ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kwezibulali zinambuzane
• Ukonyusa ubonelelo lokutya ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobude bexesha elide
• Izityalo nezilwanyana ezikhula ngokukhawuleza
• Ukutya okuneempawu ezinqwenelekayo, ezinje ngeetapile ezivelisa into encinci ebangela umhlaza xa ithosiwe
• Ukutya okunyanga okunokusetyenziswa njengezitofu zokugonya okanye amanye amayeza

Abanye abantu bavakalise inkxalabo malunga nokutya kwe-GE, okufana:

• Ukudalwa kokutya okunokubangela ukuba uxabane okanye utyhefe
• Utshintsho olungalindelekanga okanye oluyingozi kwimfuzo
• Ukudluliselwa okungachazwanga kwemfuza ukusuka kwesinye isityalo se-GM okanye isilwanyana ukuya kwesinye isityalo okanye isilwanyana esingacetyelwanga ukuguqulwa kwemfuza
• Ukutya okungenazondlo

Ezi zinto zixhalabisayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku azinasiseko. Akukho nanye ukutya kwe-GE okusetyenzisiweyo namhlanje okuye kwabangela nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki. Ulawulo lwe-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) luvavanya konke ukutya kwe-GE ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile ngaphambi kokuba zivunyelwe ukuba zithengiswe. Ukongeza kwi-FDA, i-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo yase-US (i-EPA) kunye neSebe lezoLimo laseMelika (i-USDA) balawula izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Bavavanya ukhuseleko lokutya kwe-GE ebantwini, kwizilwanyana, kwizityalo nakwimeko-bume.

Ikotoni, umbona, kunye neembotyi zesoya zezona zizityalo ziphambili ze-GE ezikhuliswe eMelika. Uninzi lwezi zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izithako zokunye ukutya, njenge:

• Isiraphu yombona esetyenziswa njengeswiti kukutya nakwiziselo ezininzi
• Isitatshi sombona esisetyenziswa kwiisuphu nakwiisoso
• Iimbotyi zesoya, umbona, kunye nee-canola ezisetyenziselwa ukutya okutyiwa, isonka, isaladi yokunxiba, kunye nemayonnaise
• Iswekile esuka kwiibhotile zeswekile
• Ukutya kwemfuyo

Ezinye izityalo ezinkulu ze-GE zibandakanya:

• Iiapile
• Iipapayas
• Iitapile
• I-squash

Akukho ziphumo zisecaleni zokutya ukutya kwe-GE.

I-World Health Organisation, i-National Academy yeSayensi, kunye neminye imibutho emininzi yesayensi kwihlabathi lonke liye lahlaziya uphando malunga nokutya kwe-GE kwaye abafumananga ubungqina bokuba bayingozi. Akukho ngxelo zokugula, ukonzakala, okanye ukwenzakala kwendalo ngenxa yokutya kwe-GE. Ukutya okwenziwe ngemfuza kukhuselekile njengokutya okuqhelekileyo.

ISebe lezoLimo laseMelika lisandula ukufuna ukuba abavelisi bokutya bachaze ulwazi malunga nokutya okwenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo kunye nezithako zabo.

Ukutya kwezinto eziphilayo; Ii-GMO; Ukutya okuguqulweyo

I-Hielscher S, ii-Pies I, i-Valentinov V, i-Chatalova L. Ukuhlengahlengisa ingxoxo ye-GMO: indlela yolawulo yokujongana neentsomi zezolimo. I-Int J En Res Res yezeMpilo yoLuntu. Ngo-2016; 13 (5): 476. IINKCUKACHA: 27171102 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171102/.

Izifundo zeSizwe zeSayensi, iinjineli, kunye noNyango. Ngo-2016. Izityalo zemfuza ngobuchwephesha: Amava kunye nethemba. IWashington, DC: ICandelo leSizwe lezeMfundo.

Iwebhusayithi yeSebe lezoLimo laseMelika. Umgangatho weSizwe wokuchazwa kokutya. www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard. Umhla wokusebenza: NgoFebruwari 19, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoSeptemba 28, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yoLawulo lwezoKutya kunye nokuSebenzisa iziyobisi. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezintsha zezityalo. www.fda.gov/food/food-new-plant-variversity/consumer-info-about-food-genetically-engineered-plants. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 2, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoSeptemba 28, 2020.