Ityhefu yeMercury

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngetyhefu evela mercury.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ze-mercury ezibangela iingxaki zempilo. Bazi:

• Elemental mercury, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-liquid mercury okanye i-quicksilver
• Iityuwa ze-mercury ezingaphiliyo
• Imekyuri yemvelo

Elemental mercury inokufumaneka kwi:

• Ithemometha zeglasi
• Ukutshintsha kombane
• Iibhalbhu zokukhanya ezibengezelayo
• Ukuzaliswa kwamazinyo
• Ezinye izixhobo zonyango

Imekyuri engaqhelekanga inokufumaneka kwi:

• Iibhetri
• Iilebhu zeKhemistry
• Ezinye iintsholongwane
• Unyango lwabantu
• I-cinnabar ebomvu yamaminerali

Imekyuri yemvelo inokufumaneka kwi:

• Ababulali abadala beentsholongwane (i-antiseptics) ezinjenge-red mercurochrome (merbromin) (le nto ngoku ivaliwe yi-FDA)
• Amafutha avela kumalahle avuthayo
• Iintlanzi eziye zatya uhlobo lwe-organic mercury ebizwa ngokuba yi-methylmercury

Kukho enye imithombo yale fom ye-mercury.

INCEBA YENDALO

Elemental mercury ihlala ingenabungozi ukuba iyachukumiseka okanye iginyiwe. Ityebile kwaye imtyibilizi kangangokuba ihlala isiwa esikhumbeni okanye ishiye isisu namathumbu ngaphandle kokufunxwa.

Umonakalo omkhulu unokwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-elemental mercury ingena emoyeni ngohlobo lwamathontsi amancinci aphefumlelwa kwimiphunga. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ngempazamo xa abantu bezama ukukhupha i-mercury ethe yachitha emhlabeni.

Ukuphefumla ngokwaneleyo i-mercury elemental kuya kubangela iimpawu kwangoko. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu ezibi. Iimpawu zexesha elide ziya kwenzeka ukuba amanani amancinci aphefumlelwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu ezingapheliyo. Iimpawu ezingapheliyo zinokubandakanya:

• I-Metallic incasa emlonyeni
• Ukuhlanza
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Isikhohlela esibi
• Iintsini ezidumbileyo, ezophayo

Kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingakanani i-mercury ephefumlelweyo, umonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga kunye nokufa kunokwenzeka. Ukulimala kwengqondo kwexesha elide okuvela kwi-elementi ye-mercury ye-inhalled nayo inokwenzeka.

Kukho iimeko ze-mercury ezitofwayo phantsi kolusu, ezinokubangela umkhuhlane kunye nerhashalala.

INCEBA YABANTU

Ngokungafaniyo ne-mercury elemental, inorganic mercury ihlala ityhefu xa iginyiwe. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni iginyiwe kangakanani, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Ukutsha esiswini nasemqaleni
• Urhudo olunegazi kunye nokugabha

Ukuba i-inorganic mercury ingena kwigazi lakho, inokuhlasela izintso kunye nengqondo. Umonakalo osisigxina wezintso kunye nokusilela kwezintso kunokwenzeka. Isixa esikhulu egazini sinokubangela igazi elininzi kunye nelahleko yomkhuhlane kurhudo kunye nokusilela kwezintso, okukhokelela ekufeni.

INCEBA YOMBUTHO

I-organic mercury inokubangela ukugula ukuba uyaphefumla, uyatya, okanye ubekwe eluswini ixesha elide. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-organic mercury ibangela iingxaki ngaphezulu kweminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, hayi kwangoko. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubhencwa kumanani amancinci e-organic mercury yonke imihla kangangeminyaka kunokubangela ukuba iimpawu zivele kamva. Ukuvezwa okukodwa okukhulu, nangona kunjalo, kunokubangela iingxaki.

Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kunokubangela iimpawu kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo, kubandakanya:

• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye iintlungu kwiindawo ezithile zolusu lwakho
• Ukungcangcazela okungalawulekiyo okanye ukungcangcazela
• Ukungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle
• Ubumfama kunye nokubona kabini
• Iingxaki zememori
• Ukuxhuzula kunye nokufa (kunye nokuvezwa okukhulu)

Ukuvezwa kumanani amakhulu e-organic mercury ebizwa ngokuba yi-methylmercury ngelixa ukhulelweyo kunokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo kusana. Uninzi lwababoneleli ngezempilo bacebisa ukutya iintlanzi ezincinci, ngakumbi ikrele, ngelixa ukhulelwe. Abasetyhini kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wabo malunga noko bafanele kwaye bangakutyi ngelixa bekhulelwe.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko (umzekelo, ngaba umntu uvukile kwaye ulumkile?)
• Umthombo wemekyuri
• Ixesha laliginyiwe, liphefumlelwe, okanye lichukunyiswe
• Isixa esiginye, sokurhoxa, okanye sokuchukumisa

Sukulibazisa ukulibiza xa ungalazi olu lwazi lungentla.

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo yesizwe iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Unyango ngokubanzi lokuvezwa kwemekyuri lubandakanya amanyathelo angezantsi. Unyango lokuvezwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-mercury lunikwa emva kolu lwazi ngokubanzi.

Umntu kufuneka asuswe kumthombo wokubhengeza.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• ECG (electrocardiogram) okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukusebenza kwamalahle ngomlomo okanye ngetyhubhu ngeempumlo esiswini, ukuba i-mercury iginyiwe
• I-Dialysis (umatshini wezintso)
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokunyanga iimpawu

Uhlobo lokuvezwa luya kugqiba ukuba loluphi olunye uvavanyo kunye nonyango olufunekayo.

INCEBA YENDALO

Ukungenisa ityhefu ye-mercury ye-elementi kunokuba nzima ukunyanga. Umntu angafumana:

• Ioksijini efumanekayo okanye umoya
• Ityhubhu yokuphefumla ngomlomo uye emaphaphini kunye nokusetyenziswa komatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• Ukufunxwa kwemekyuri kwimiphunga
• Iyeza lokususa i-mercury kunye nesinyithi esinzima emzimbeni
• Ukususwa kotyando kwimekyuri xa kutofwe phantsi kolusu

INCEBA YABANTU

Ukufumana ityhefu ye-mercury engaqhelekanga, unyango luhlala luqala ngenkxaso yokuxhasa. Umntu angafumana:

• Amanzi nge-IV (emthanjeni)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu
• Amalahle avuselelweyo, iyeza elinyusa izinto ezininzi esiswini
• Amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-chelators ukususa i-mercury egazini

INCEBA YOMBUTHO

Unyango lokuchazwa kwi-organic mercury luhlala luquka amayeza abizwa ngokuba zi-chelators. Oku kususa imekyuri egazini kwaye kuyishenxisela kude kwingqondo nakwizintso. Rhoqo, la mayeza kuya kufuneka asetyenziswe iiveki ukuya kwiinyanga.

Ukuphefumla isixa esincinci se-mercury esisiseko kuya kubangela ezimbalwa kakhulu, ukuba zikhona, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphefumla izixa ezikhulu kunokukhokelela ekubeni uhlale ixesha elide esibhedlele. Umonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga kunokwenzeka. Kunokubakho ukonakala kwengqondo. Ukuvezwa okukhulu kakhulu kunokubangela ukufa.

Ukugqithisa okukhulu kwe-mercury engaqhelekanga kunokubangela igazi kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nokufa.

Ukonzakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo kwi-organic mercury poisoning kunzima ukunyanga. Abanye abantu abaze baphinde babuye, kodwa kuye kwakho impumelelo kubantu abafumana unyango lwe-chelation.

Mahajan PV. Ukuxiliswa kwesinyithi esinzima. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 738.

UTheobald JL, uMycyk MB. Intsimbi kunye nezinyithi ezinzima. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 151.