Libanda, Methadone

IMethadone yipilisi yeentlungu eyomeleleyo. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isiyobisi se-heroin. Ukugqithisa kwemethadone kwenzeka xa umntu ngempazamo okanye ngabom ethatha ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo okanye isixa esinconyelwayo seli yeza. Oku kunokuba ngengozi okanye ngenjongo.

Ukudlula ngaphezulu kweMethadone kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu uthatha imethadone ngeziyobisi ezithile zeentlungu. Ezi ntlungu zibandakanya i-oxycontin, i-hydrocodone (Vicodin), okanye i-morphine.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukugqithisa ngokwenyani. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-overdose, fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo yakho (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

I-Methadone inokuba yityhefu enkulu.

Amayeza anala magama enqaku ane-methadone:

• IDolophine
• Imethadose
• Physeptone

Amanye amayeza anokuqulatha imethadone. Ezi zilapha ngasentla zibandakanya iimveliso zeemethadone eziginyiweyo okanye zingene kwilungu lomthambo, umsipha, okanye phantsi kolusu.

Apha ngezantsi kukho iimpawu ze-methadone overdose kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Amancinci amancinci

ISisu kunye namathumbu

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu okanye amathumbu

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukubetha okubuthathaka

Amaphaphu

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla, kubandakanya ukucothisa, ukusebenza nzima, okanye ukuphefumla nzulu
• Akukho kuphefumla

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• I-Coma (ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuqonda kunye nokusilela ekuphenduleni)
• Ukudideka
• Ukudideka
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukozela
• Ukudinwa
• Ukudumba kwemisipha
• Ubuthathaka

ULusu

• Uzipho lweminwe kunye nemilebe
• Ingqele, isikhumba esimnyama

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba ulawula ityhefu okanye umniki-nkonzo akuyalela.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lamayeza (amandla, ukuba ayaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo yesizwe iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni imiqondiso yakho ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuskena i-CT
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokuguqula iziphumo ze-methadone (i-antidote) kunye nokunyanga ezinye iimpawu
• Amalahle avuselelweyo
• Laxative
• Inkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ityhubhu ngomlomo kwaye iqhagamshelwe kumatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu eginyileyo kunye nokuba unyango lufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Uncedo olukhawulezileyo lwezonyango lunikwa, ngcono ithuba lokuchacha.

Ukuba i-antidote inokunikwa, ukuchacha kwi-overdose kuqala kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, kuba iziphumo ze-methadone zinokuhlala malunga nosuku, umntu uhlala ehlala esibhedlele ubusuku bonke. Banokufumana iidosi ezininzi zeliyeza.

Abantu abathatha i-overdose enkulu banokuyeka ukuphefumla. Banokuba nokuxhuzula ukuba abayifumani ngokukhawuleza intsholongwane. Iingxaki ezinje nge-pneumonia, ukonakala kwemisipha ngokulala kwindawo enzima ixesha elide, okanye ukonakala kwengqondo ngenxa yokungabikho kweoksijini kunokubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina.

Ukufa kunokwenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima.

UAronons JK. I-opioid receptor agonists. Ku: Aronson JK, ed. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zikaMeyler zeziyobisi. Ngomhla we-16. I-Waltham, MA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: 348-380.

IKowalchuk A, iRed BC. Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 50.

UNikolaides JK, uThompson TM. Iipioids. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 156.