Idayi ityhefu

Idayi yelaphu ziikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa imibala yelaphu. Ityhefu yedayi yelaphu iyenzeka xa umntu eginya izixa ezikhulu zezi zinto.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Isithako esinetyhefu kwidayi yelaphu yintsimbi yealkali eyonakalisayo.

Namhlanje kunqabile ukufumana esi sithako siyityhefu kuninzi lwedayi yamalaphu asekhaya.

Uninzi lweedayi zelaphu eziqhelekileyo zenziwe ngezinto ezingenabungozi, ezinje:

• Iisepha eziphakathi
• Imibala
• Iityiwa

Nangona ezi zinto zihlala zithathwa njengezingeyongozi, zinokubangela iingxaki ukuba ziginyiwe kakhulu, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci.

Le nto ifumaneka kwiidayi ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala kwimpahla okanye kwilaphu.

Ityhefu yedayi yelaphu inokubangela iimpawu kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

IINDLELA NEEMPANGO

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima (ngokuphefumla kwidayi)
• Ukudumba komqala (kunokubangela nobunzima bokuphefumla)

IGAZI

• Utshintsho olukhulu kumgangatho weasidi yegazi (pH balance), ekhokelela ekonakaleni kuwo onke amalungu omzimba

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Ukuphulukana nombono
• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni
• Intlungu ebukhali okanye ukutshisa empumlweni, amehlo, iindlebe, imilebe, okanye ulwimi

INKQUBO YE-GASTROINTESTINAL

• Igazi esitulweni
• Ukutshisa kunye nemingxunya enokwenzeka (ukubola) kwindawo yomqala
• Iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuphalaza igazi

INTSHAYELELO NENKQUBO YOKUJIKELELA

• Ukuwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi olukhula ngokukhawuleza (ukothuka)

ULusu

• Ukutsha
• Imingxunya (necrosis) kulusu okanye kwizicwili ezingaphantsi
• Ukucaphuka

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo ngolawulo lwetyhefu okanye ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza iye yaginywa, khawuleza unike umntu amanzi okanye ubisi, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli. SUKUNIKE amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba umntu uneempawu (ezinjengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye izinga lokuphaphela) elenza kubenzima ukuginya.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, mshukumisele kwangoko ukuya kumoya omtsha.

Fumana olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (kunye nezithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Inombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umntu angafumana:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu ukuya emiphungeni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• I-Bronchoscopy -ikhamera ezantsi komqala ukujonga ukutshisa kwindlela yomoya kunye nemiphunga (ukuba ityhefu ibifunwa)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• ECG (ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ikhamera ye-Endoscopy ezantsi emqaleni ukujonga ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokuguqula isiphumo setyhefu kunye nokunyanga iimpawu
• Ukususwa kotyando kolusu olutshisiweyo (ukomisa ulusu)
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukukhupha (ukumunca) isisu. Oku kwenziwa kuphela xa umntu efumana unyango phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 yetyhefu, kwaye inani elikhulu kakhulu leziyobisi liginyiwe.
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela) - mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu aginye kunye nendlela unyango olukhawulezileyo olufunyanwa ngayo. Ngokukhawuleza umntu ufumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

Ukuba ityhefu ibandakanya ialkali eyonakalisayo, umonakalo omkhulu unokwenzeka kwi:

• Umqala
• Izintso
• Umlomo
• Isisu
• Umqala

Iziphumo zixhomekeke kubungakanani balo monakalo. Ityhefu kwidayi ene-alkali inokubangela ukonzakala okuqhubekayo kwezi zihlunu kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga.

Ukuginya ezo tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya okanye ithumbu lesisu kungakhokelela ekufeni kwethishu. Oku kunokubangela usulelo, ukothuka kunye nokufa, kwaneenyanga ezininzi emva kokuba into iginyiwe. Izicubu ezinqabileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide ngokuphefumla, ukugwinya kunye nokwetyisa.

Ukuba umntu uginye idayi yasekhaya engenabungozi, ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokwenzeka.

Idayi - ilaphu

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

UMofenson HC, uCaraccio TR, uMcGuigan M, uGreensher J. Unyango lwezonyango. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 1281-1334.