Ityhefu yamatye

Amabala eenkuni ziimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukugqiba iinkuni. Ityhefu yamatye ivela xa umntu eginya ezi zinto.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Izinto eziyingozi kumabala eenkuni ziihydrocarbons, okanye izinto ezinekhabhoni kunye nehydrogen kuphela. Ezinye izithako ezinobungozi zingabandakanya:

• Utywala
• Alkanes
• Icyclo alkanes
• UGlycol ether
• I-corrosives, efana ne-sodium hydroxide (lye)

Amabala ahlukeneyo omthi anezi zinto. Amanye amabala eenkuni anokuqulatha ezinye izinto.

Apha ngezantsi kukho iimpawu zetyhefu yamatye eenkuni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Ukuphulukana nombono
• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni
• Intlungu ebukhali okanye ukutshisa empumlweni, amehlo, iindlebe, imilebe, okanye ulwimi

ISisu kunye namathumbu

• Igazi esitulweni
• Ukutshiswa kombhobho wokutya (umqala)
• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu
• Iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuphalaza igazi

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Ukuwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi olukhula ngokukhawuleza (ukothuka)

AMANDLA NEENDLELA

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima (ukusuka ekuphefumlweni ngumoya)
• Ukudumba komqala (kunokubangela nobunzima bokuphefumla)

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• Umonakalo wobuchopho (ukudideka, ukulahleka kwememori)
• Kunzima ukugxila
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ubumhlophe

ULusu

• Tshisa
• Imingxunya kulusu okanye kwizicwili phantsi kolusu
• Ukucaphuka

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba ulawula ityhefu okanye umniki-nkonzo akuyalela.

Ukuba ibala leenkuni liseluswini okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eyi-15.

Ukuba umntu uginye ibala leenkuni, mnike amanzi okanye ubisi kwangoko, ukuba umboneleli ukuxelela ukuba wenze njalo. SUKUNIKA nantoni na ukuba isele xa umntu eneempawu ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukuginya. Oku kubandakanya ukugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye inqanaba lokuncipha lokuqaphela.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, mshukumisele kumoya omtsha ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (kunye nezithako, ukuba ziyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Inombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• I-Bronchoscopy-ikhamera ezantsi komqala ukujonga ukutsha kwi-airways nasemiphungeni
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ikhamera ye-Endoscopy ezantsi emqaleni ukujonga ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokunyanga iimpawu
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela), mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi
• Utyando lokususa isikhumba esitshisiweyo
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukuze uhlambe isisu (ukuhlamba isisu)
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ityhubhu ngomlomo ukuya emiphungeni kwaye uqhagamshele kumatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• IHemodialysis (umatshini wezintso)

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke ekubeni ungakanani umbala wokhuni owawugcinwe kwaye unyango lufunyenwe ngokukhawuleza. Uncedo olukhawulezileyo lwezonyango lunikwa, ngcono ithuba lokuchacha.

Ukuginya ezo tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya okanye kwithumbu kunokukhokelela kwi-necrosis yethishu, kukhokelela kusulelo, ukothuka kunye nokufa, kwaneenyanga ezininzi emva kokuba into iginyiwe okokuqala. Amabala anokuvela kwezi zihlunu zikhokelela kubunzima bexesha elide ngokuphefumla, ukugwinya kunye nokwetyisa.

UNelson ME. Iziselo ezinxilisayo. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 141.

I-Pfau PR, iHancock SM. Amalungu angaphandle, ii-bezoars, kunye nokungenisa okubangela. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Amathumbu kunye nezifo zesibindi: iPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 27.

U-Wang GS, uBuchanan JA. IiHydrocarbon. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 152.