Ukususwa kwesigaqa samabele

Ukususwa kwesigaqa sebele kuqhaqho kususwe iqhuma elinokuba ngumhlaza wamabele. Izicubu ezijikeleze iqhuma nazo ziyasuswa. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-excisional breast biopsy, okanye i-lumpectomy.

Xa kususwa ithumba elingahlanjululwanga elinjenge-fibroadenoma yebele, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-excisional breast biopsy, okanye i-lumpectomy.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umboneleli wezempilo akaliva iqhuma xa ekuvavanya. Nangona kunjalo, inokubonwa kwiziphumo zokucinga. Kule meko, ucingo lwasekhaya luya kwenziwa ngaphambi kotyando.

• I-radiologist iya kusebenzisa i-mammogram okanye i-ultrasound ukubeka i-needlewire (okanye i-needlewires) ngaphakathi okanye kufuphi nommandla wesifuba ongaqhelekanga.
• Oku kuyakunceda ugqirha wotyando azi ukuba uphi umhlaza ukuze awususe.

Ukususwa kwesigaqa samabele kwenziwa njengotyando lwangaphandle ixesha elininzi. Uya kunikwa i-anesthesia ngokubanzi (uya kulala, kodwa akukho zintlungu) okanye i-anesthesia yendawo (uvukile, kodwa uhleli kwaye awunazintlungu). Inkqubo ithatha malunga neyure.

Ugqirha usika kancinci esifubeni sakho. Umhlaza kunye nezinye izihlunu zesifuba esijikelezileyo ziyasuswa. Ugqirha wezidumbu uvavanya isampulu yethishu esusiweyo ukuze aqiniseke ukuba wonke umhlaza ukhutshiwe.

• Xa kungekho iiseli zomhlaza zifunyanwa kufutshane nemiphetho yethishu esusiweyo, ibizwa ngokuba ngumda ocacileyo.
• Ugqirha wakho ususa ezinye okanye zonke ii-lymph node ekhwapheni lakho ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na kubo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iziqwengana ezincinci zentsimbi ziya kufakwa ngaphakathi kwebele ukuphawula indawo yokususa izicwili. Oku kwenza ukuba indawo ibonakale lula kwii-mammograms ezizayo. Kuyanceda ukukhokela unyango ngemitha, xa kufuneka njalo.

Ugqirha uya kuluvala ulusu lwakho ngemithungo okanye ngesitatshi. Ezi zinokunyibilika okanye zifuna ukususwa kamva. Rhoqo, ityhubhu yokukhupha amanzi inokubekwa ukuze isuse ulwelo olongezelelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthumela isigaxa kugqirha wezifo ukuvavanya ngakumbi.

Ugqirha lokususa umhlaza webele lelona nyathelo lokuqala kunyango.

Ukukhetha ukuba loluphi utyando olulungele wena kunokuba nzima. Kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba i-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy (ukususwa kwebele lonke) yeyona ilungileyo. Wena kunye nababoneleli abaphatha umhlaza webele uya kuthatha isigqibo kunye. Nje:

• I-Lumpectomy ihlala ikhethwa kumaqhuqhuva amabele amancinci. Kungenxa yokuba yinkqubo encinci kwaye inethuba elifanayo lokunyanga umhlaza wamabele njenge-mastectomy. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo njengoko ufumana ukugcina uninzi lwezicubu zakho zebele ezingachaphazelekanga ngumhlaza.
• I-Mastectomy yokususa zonke izicubu zamabele zinokwenziwa ukuba indawo yomhlaza inkulu kakhulu okanye kukho amathumba amaninzi angenakususwa ngaphandle kokukhubaza ibele.

Wena nomboneleli wakho kuya kufuneka nithathele ingqalelo:

• Ubungakanani bethumba lakho
• Iphi ibele lakho
• Ukuba kukho ngaphezu kwesinye ithumba
• Ingakanani ibele echaphazelekayo
• Ubungakanani bamabele akho ngokunxulumene nethumba
• Iminyaka yakho
• Imbali yosapho lwakho
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokuba sele ufikelele kwinqanaba lokuyeka ukuya exesheni
• Ukuba ukhulelwe

Iingozi zotyando zezi:

• Ukopha
• Usulelo
• Ukuphilisa amanxeba
  
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukubetha, ukufa
  
• Impendulo kumayeza
• Iingozi ezinxulunyaniswa neanesthesia ngokubanzi

Inkangeleko yebele lakho inokutshintsha emva kotyando. Unokuphawula ukuncipha, isiva, okanye umahluko kubume phakathi kwamabele akho. Kwakhona, indawo yebele ejikeleze ukusikwa inokuba ndindisholo.

Unokufuna enye inkqubo yokususa izicwili zamabele ngakumbi ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba umhlaza usondele kakhulu emaphethelweni esihlunu esele sisusiwe.

Soloko uxelela umboneleli wakho:

• Ukuba unokukhulelwa
• Zeziphi iziyobisi ozithathayo, nditsho iziyobisi okanye amayeza owathengileyo ngaphandle kommiselo
• Izilwanyana ezinokubangela ukuba ubandakanye amayeza kunye nelatex
  
• Ukuphendula kwi-anesthesia kwixa elidlulileyo
  

Ngexesha leentsuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho:

• Unokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukuthatha i-aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezenza ukuba kube nzima kwigazi lakho ukuba lijiye. Qiniseka ukuba ubuza umboneleli wakho ukuba ngawaphi amayeza amayeza anokuyekiswa, kwaye ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kwenkqubo yakho.
• Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi omele uzithathe ngosuku lotyando lwakho.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, zama ukuyeka ubuncinci iiveki ezi-2 ngaphambi kotyando. Umboneleli wakho unokunceda.

Ngomhla wotyando:

• Landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wakho malunga nokutya okanye ukusela ngaphambi kotyando.
• Thatha amayeza umboneleli wakho akuxelele ukuba uthathe ngesiphuzo esincinci samanzi.
• Umboneleli wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uza kufika nini kwinkqubo.

Ixesha lokubuyisela lifutshane kakhulu kwi-lumpectomy elula. Abasetyhini abaninzi baneentlungu ezincinci, kodwa ukuba uziva iintlungu, ungathatha amayeza entlungu, afana ne-acetaminophen.

Ulusu lwakho kufuneka luphole malunga nenyanga. Kuya kufuneka ukhathalele indawo esikiweyo yotyando. Guqula ukunxiba njengoko uxelelwa ngumboneleli wakho. Jonga iimpawu zentsholongwane xa ufika ekhaya (njengobomvu, ukuvuvukala, okanye i-drainage kwi-incision). Nxiba ibra ekhululekile enika inkxaso elungileyo, enjengebhola yezemidlalo.

Kuya kufuneka ukhuphele amanzi kwi-drain amaxesha ambalwa ngemini iiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. Unokucelwa ukuba ulinganise kwaye urekhode inani lamanzi aphelileyo. Umboneleli wakho uya kususa idreyini kamva.

Uninzi lwabasetyhini banokubuyela kwimisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo kwiveki okanye njalo. Gwema ukuphakamisa okunzima, ukugijima, okanye imisebenzi ebangela intlungu kwindawo yokuhlinzwa kwi-1 ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.

Isiphumo se-lumpectomy yomhlaza webele sixhomekeke ikakhulu kubungakanani bomhlaza, kunye nakwisiqhuma. Kuxhomekeke ekusasazeni kwayo kwii-lymph node phantsi kwengalo yakho.

I-lumpectomy yomhlaza webele ihlala ilandelwa lunyango ngemitha kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezinje ngechemotherapy, unyango lwehomoni, okanye zombini.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, awudingi ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesifuba emva kwe-lumpectomy.

Ukudumba; Ukusikwa ngokubanzi kwendawo; Utyando lolondolozo lwebele; Utyando lokuthintela amabele; I-mastectomy ekhethekileyo; Ukuthengiswa kwakhona kwecandelo; Ukunyusa

• Isifuba sangaphandle somsila we-radiation - ukukhutshwa
• I-lymphedema - ukuzinyamekela
• Mastectomy - ukubhobhoza
• Unonophelo lwenxeba lotyando - luvulekile

• Ibele labasetyhini
• I-biopsy yenaliti yebele
• Vula i-biopsy yebele
• Ukuzivavanya amabele
• Ukuzivavanya amabele
• Ukuzivavanya amabele
• Amaqhuma amabele
• Lumpectomy
• Oonobangela besi sifo
• Ukususwa kwesigaqa samabele - uthotho

Umbutho woMhlaza waseMelika. Utyando olugcina ibele (lumpectomy). www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer/breast-conservation-surgery-lumpectomy. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 13, 2017. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 5, 2018.

Isifo sephepha, i-Brown PH, i-Maresso KC, i-Hawk ET. Uthintelo lomhlaza, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokufunyanwa kwangoko. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2014: isahluko 23.

Hunt KK, Mittendorf EA. Izifo zesifuba. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 34.

Umbutho waseMelika woNyango lweSifuba. Ukusebenza kunye nezikhokelo zokuziqhelanisa notyando lokugcina amabele / i-mastectomy ekhethekileyo. www.breastsurgeons.org/docs/statement/Performance-and-Practice-Guidelines- for-Breast-Conservation-Surgery-Partial-Mastectomy.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 22, 2015. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 5, 2018.

I-Wolff AC, i-Domchek SM, i-Davidson NE, i-Sacchini V, iMcCormick B. Umhlaza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 91.