Ukurhabaxa

Ukugquma kubhekisa kubunzima bokwenza izandi xa uzama ukuthetha. Izandi ezivakalayo zinokuba buthathaka, ziphefumle, zikrwemeke, okanye zibe buthakathaka, kwaye inowuthi okanye umgangatho welizwi unokutshintsha.

Ukutswina kudla ngokubangelwa yingxaki yemithambo yelizwi. Imithambo yezwi yinxalenye yebhokisi yakho yelizwi (ingqula) ebekwe emqaleni. Xa imiphimbo idumbe okanye yosuleleke, iyadumba. Oku kunokubangela ukuba urhawuzelele.

Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokudakumba sisifo esibandayo okanye sinus, esihlala sihamba sodwa kwiveki ezi-2.

Isizathu esinqabileyo kodwa esinzulu sokudinwa okungahambeli kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngumhlaza webhokisi yelizwi.

Ukudlakazela kunokubangelwa:

• I-asidi ye-asidi (i-reflux yegastroesophageal)
• Umzimba
• Ukuphefumla kwizinto ezikucaphukisayo
• Umhlaza womqala okanye wengqula
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo
• Umkhuhlane okanye usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla
• Ukutshaya kakhulu okanye ukusela, ngakumbi kunye
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwelizwi (njengokukhwaza okanye ukucula), ezinokubangela ukudumba okanye ukukhula kwintambo yezwi.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukulimala okanye ukucaphuka kwityhubhu yokuphefumla okanye i-bronchoscopy
• Ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu ezijikeleze ibhokisi yelizwi (ukwenzakala okanye uqhaqho)
• Into yangaphandle kwi-esophagus okanye kwi-trachea
• Ukuginya ulwelo olunamandla lweekhemikhali
• Utshintsho kwingqula ngexesha lokufikisa
• Umhlaza wedlala lengqula okanye wemiphunga
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid gland
• Ukungahambi kolunye okanye zombini iintambo zamagama

Ukutsarhwa kunokuba lixesha elifutshane (acute) okanye ixesha elide (chronic). Ukuphumla kunye nexesha kunokukwenza uphuke. Ukudakumba okuqhubekayo iiveki okanye iinyanga kufuneka kuhlolwe ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukunceda ukukhulula ingxaki zibandakanya:

• Thetha kuphela xa ufuna njalo de ukudinwa kuyeke.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi ukunceda ukugcina iindlela zakho zomoya zifumile. (Ukugcoba akuncedi.)
• Sebenzisa umphunga wokongeza ukufuma emoyeni ophefumla ngawo.
• Ziphephe iintshukumo ezixinanisa iintambo ezinje ngokusebeza, ukukhwaza, ukulila nokucula.
• Thatha amayeza ukunciphisa isisu se-asidi ukuba ukungxola kubangelwa sisifo se-reflux sesifo se-gastroesophageal (GERD).
• MUSA ukusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa ezinokomisa iintambo zamagama.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, sika, okanye uyeke ubuncinci de ukudakumba kuphele.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye yokuginya.
• Ukudakumba kwenzeka ngokuntywila ngamathe, ngakumbi kumntwana omncinci.
• Ukuduma kwenzeka kumntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu ubudala.
• Ukungxola kuye kwahlala ngaphezulu kweveki enye emntwaneni, okanye iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 kumntu omdala.

Umboneleli uya kuvavanya umqala wakho, intamo, nomlomo kwaye akubuze imibuzo malunga neempawu zakho kunye nembali yezonyango. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Uphulukene nelizwi lakho kangakanani (konke okanye ngokuyinxenye)?
• Luhlobo luni lweengxaki zezwi onazo (ukwenza ukukrala, ukuphefumla, okanye izandi ezinomsindo)?
• Kwaqala nini ukudinwa?
• Ngaba ukungcungcutheka kuyafika kuhamba okanye kuya kusiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha?
• Ngaba ubukhwaza, ucula, okanye ulisebenzisa kakhulu ilizwi lakho, okanye ulila kakhulu (ukuba ungumntwana)?
• Ngaba ukhe wachanabeka kwimisi okanye ulwelo olungqongqo?
• Ngaba unayo i-aleji okanye iposi yedrophu?
• Wakhe watyandwa umqala?
• Ngaba uyatshaya okanye uyasela?
• Ngaba unazo ezinye iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, umqala obuhlungu, ubunzima bokuginya, ukunciphisa umzimba, okanye ukudinwa?

Unokuba novavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• Iilaryngoscopy
• Inkcubeko yomqala
• Uvavanyo lomqala ngesipili esincinci
• I-X-ray yentamo okanye i-CT scan
• Uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC) okanye umahluko wegazi

Uxinzelelo lwelizwi; IDysphonia; Ukuphulukana nelizwi

• Umqala womzimba

IChoi SS, iZalzal GH. Ukuphazamiseka kwelizwi. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 203.

Iqhwitha PW. Ukuphazamiseka emqaleni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 429.

Stachler RJ, Francis DO, Schwartz SR, okqhubekayo. Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi: Hoarseness (Dysphonia) (Uhlaziyo). Intloko ye-Otolaryngol Surg. 2018; 158 (1_suppl): S1-S42. IINKCUKACHA: 29494321 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29494321.