Ukuma okungahambi kakuhle

Ukuma okungahambanga kakuhle kukuma komzimba okungaqhelekanga okubandakanya iingalo kunye nemilenze ebanjwe ngokuthe nkqo, iinzwane zikhonjwe ezantsi, kwaye intloko nentamo zibuyiselwa umva. Izihlunu ziqinisiwe kwaye zigcinwe ziqinile. Olu hlobo lokuposa luthetha ukuba kuye kwakho umonakalo omkhulu kwingqondo.

Ukulimala kakhulu kwingqondo sisizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuma komzimba.

I-Opisthotonos (i-spasm yesihlunu esibi entanyeni nasemqolo) inokwenzeka kwiimeko ezinobuzaza bokuma okungafunekiyo.

Ukuma okungafunekiyo kunokwenzeka kwelinye icala, kumacala omabini, okanye kwiingalo kuphela. Inokutshintsha nolunye uhlobo lwesimo esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba sisimo sokuqina. Umntu unokuba nokuma komzimba kwelinye icala lomzimba kunye nokuhla komzimba kwelinye icala.

Oonobangela bokuma okungafunekiyo kubandakanya:

• Ukopha engqondweni nasiphi na isizathu
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ukubetha
• Ingxaki yobuchopho ngenxa yeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ityhefu, okanye usulelo
• Ukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
• Ingxaki yobuchopho ngenxa yokusilela kwesibindi
• Ukonyusa uxinzelelo kwingqondo nangasiphi na isizathu
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Usulelo, njenge-meningitis
• Isifo seReye syndrome (ukonakala kwengqondo ngesiquphe kunye neengxaki zomsebenzi wesibindi ezichaphazela abantwana)

Iimeko ezinxulumene nokuma ngokungafunekiyo kufuneka ziphathwe kwangoko esibhedlele.

Ukuthunyelwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwalo naluphi na uhlobo kuhlala kwenzeka kwinqanaba lokuncipha. Nabani na onesimo esingaqhelekanga kufuneka ahlolwe ngoko nangoko ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Umntu uya kufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo kwangoko. Oku kubandakanya uncedo lokuphefumla kunye nokubekwa kwetyhubhu yokuphefumla. Umntu lowo uya kwamkelwa esibhedlele kwaye abekwe kwigumbi labagula kakhulu.

Nje ukuba umntu azinze, umboneleli uya kufumana imbali yonyango epheleleyo kumalungu osapho okanye kubahlobo kwaye enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Oku kuyakubandakanya ukuvavanywa ngononophelo kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo.

Amalungu osapho aya kubuzwa imibuzo malunga nembali yonyango lomntu, kubandakanya:

• Ziqale nini iimpawu?
• Ngaba kukho ipatheni kwiziqendu?
• Ngaba umzimba omileyo uhlala ufana?
• Ngaba ikhona imbali yokulimala entloko okanye enye imeko?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu eziza ngaphambili okanye ngokuma okungaqhelekanga?

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukujonga ukubala kwegazi, isikrini kweziyobisi kunye nezinto ezinobuthi, kunye nokulinganisa iikhemikhali zomzimba kunye neeminerali
• I-angiography yeCerebral (idayi kunye nokufundwa kwe-x-ray yemithambo yegazi kwingqondo)
• I-CT okanye i-MRI yentloko
• I-EEG (ukuvavanywa kobushushu bengqondo)
• Uvavanyo lwe-Intracranial uxinzelelo (ICP)
• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar ukuqokelela ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwisizathu. Kunokubakho ukonzakala kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo kunye nokonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo, oku kunokukhokelela ku:

• Coma
• Ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukuxhuzula

I-Opisthotonos -ukuma okungafunekiyo; Ukuma ngokungaqhelekanga -ukuma komzimba; Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu-ukuma okungafunekiyo; Ukumiswa kwesimo sokuma - ukumisa imeko yokuma

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IHamati AI. Iingxaki ze-neurological zesifo se-systemic: abantwana. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 59.

IJackimczyk KC. Ubume bengqondo obuguqulweyo kunye nesiqa. Ku: UMarkovchick VJ, iiPons PT, iiBake KM, iBuchanan JA, ii-eds. Iimfihlo zoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 13.

I-Woischneck D, i-Skalej M, i-Firsching R, i-Kapapa T.I-Decerebrate posting elandelayo yokulimala kwengqondo: Iziphumo ze-MRI kunye nexabiso labo lokuqonda isifo. KwiKlinikhi yeRadiol. 2015; 70 (3): 278-285. IINKCUKACHA: 25527191 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527191.