Iaudiometry

Uvavanyo lwe-audiometry luvavanya ukukwazi kwakho ukuva izandi. Izandi ziyahluka, ngokuxhomekeka kwingxolo yazo (ubukhulu) kunye nesantya sentshukumo yamaza esandi (ithoni).

Ukuva kwenzeka xa amaza esandi evuselela imithambo yendlebe yangaphakathi. Isandi emva koko sihamba ngeendlela zemithambo-luvo siye kwingqondo.

Amaza esandi anokuhamba aye kwindlebe yangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa umsele wendlebe, indlebe, kunye namathambo endlebe ephakathi (umoya oqhubayo). Banokudlula emathanjeni ajikeleze nasemva kwendlebe (ukuhanjiswa kwethambo).

Ubungqongqo besandi bulinganiswa ngee-decibel (dB):

• Ukusebeza kumalunga ne-20 dB.
• Umculo ongxolayo (ezinye iikhonsathi) ujikeleze i-80 ukuya kwi-120 dB.
• Injini yejeti imalunga ne-140 ukuya kwi-180 dB.

Izandi ezingaphezulu kwe-85 dB zinokubangela ukulahleka kwendlebe emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Izandi ezivakalayo zinokubangela iintlungu kwangoko, kwaye ukuphulukana nokuva kunokukhula ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.

Ithoni yesandi ilinganiswa kwimijikelo ngomzuzwana (cps) okanye kuHertz:

• Iitoni ezisezantsi ziphakathi kwe-50 ukuya kwi-60 Hz.
• I-Shrill, iitoni eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo zijikeleza malunga ne-10,000 Hz okanye ngaphezulu.

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuva kwabantu lumalunga ne-20 ukuya kwi-20,000 Hz. Ezinye izilwanyana zinokuva ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50,000 Hz. Intetho yabantu ihlala i-500 kuye kwi-3,000 Hz.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuvavanya ukuva kwakho ngeemvavanyo ezilula ezinokuthi zenziwe eofisini. Oku kunokubandakanya ukugcwalisa iphepha lemibuzo kunye nokumamela amazwi ahlebelwayo, iifolokhwe zokulungisa, okanye iithowuni ezivela kuvavanyo lwendlebe.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwefoloko yovavanyo lunokunceda ukumisela uhlobo lwelahleko yokuva. Ifolokhwe yokulungisa icofiwe kwaye ibanjelwe emoyeni kwicala ngalinye lentloko ukuvavanya amandla okuva ngokuqhutywa komoya. Ityikityiwe kwaye ibekwe ngokuchasene nethambo emva kwendlebe nganye (ithambo le-mastoid) ukuvavanya ukuqhuba kwethambo.

Uvavanyo lokuva ngokusesikweni lunokunika umlinganiso ochanekileyo wokuva. Iimvavanyo ezininzi zinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lweetoni oluchanekileyo (audiogram) -Kolu vavanyo, unxiba ii-earphone eziqhotyoshelwe kwi-audiometer. Iithoni ezichanekileyo zesantya esithile kunye nevolumu zisiwa kwindlebe enye ngexesha. Uyacelwa ukuba usayine xa usiva isandi. Umthamo omncinci ofunekayo wokuva ithoni nganye ubambekile. Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bone oscillator sibekwa ngokuchasene nethambo le-mastoid ukuvavanya ukuqhuba kwethambo.
• I-audiometry yentetho-Olu vavanyo lokukwazi kwakho ukufumana kunye nokuphinda amagama athethwayo kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo eviwe ngentloko.
• Immittance audiometry-Olu vavanyo lilinganisela ukusebenza kwegubu lendlebe kunye nokuhamba kwesandi kwindlebe esembindini. Isikhangeli sifakwa endlebeni kwaye umoya uyampontshelwa kuyo ukutshintsha uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwendlebe njengoko iithowuni ziveliswa. Imakrofoni ijonga ukuba isandi siqhutywa kakuhle kangakanani ngaphakathi kwendlebe phantsi koxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo.

Akukho manyathelo akhethekileyo afunekayo.

Akukho buhlungu. Ubude bexesha buyahluka. Uvavanyo lokuqala lungathatha malunga nemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. I-audiometry eneenkcukacha inokuthatha malunga neyure enye.

Olu vavanyo lunokubona ukulahleka kwendlebe kwinqanaba lokuqala. Inokusetyenziswa xa uneengxaki zokuva nangasiphi na isizathu.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukukwazi ukuva ukusebeza, intetho eqhelekileyo, kunye nokubukela okukrwelekileyo kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
• Ukukwazi ukuva ifolokhwe yokulungisa ngomoya kunye nethambo kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
• Kwi-audiometry eneenkcukacha, ukuva kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba unokuva iithowuni ukusuka kwi-250 ukuya kwi-8,000 Hz kwi-25 dB okanye ezantsi.

Zininzi iintlobo kunye needigri zokulahleka kwendlebe. Kwezinye iintlobo, ulahlekelwa kuphela kukuva iithowuni eziphezulu okanye eziphantsi, okanye uphulukana nomoya okanye ithambo kuphela. Ukungakwazi ukuva iithowuni ezicocekileyo ezingaphantsi kwe-25 dB kubonisa ukulahleka kwendlebe.

Isixa kunye nohlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe kunokunika isikhokelo kwisizathu, kunye namathuba okufumana kwakhona ukuva kwakho.

Le miqathango ilandelayo inokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo:

• I-acoustic neuroma
• I-acoustic trauma evela kwisandi esikhulu kakhulu okanye esikhulu sokuqhushumba
• Ukuphulukana nendlebe enxulumene nobudala
• Isifo seAlport
• Izifo ezingapheliyo
• ILabyrinthitis
• Isifo seMénière
• Ukuvezwa okungapheliyo kwengxolo enkulu, njengasemsebenzini okanye emculweni
• Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwethambo kwindlebe ephakathi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-otosclerosis
• I-eardrum eqhekekileyo okanye egqobileyo

Akukho bungozi.

Olunye uvavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukumisela indlela esebenza ngayo indlebe yangaphakathi kunye neendlela zengqondo. Olunye lwazo luvavanyo lwe-otoacoustic emission (OAE) olubona izandi ezinikwe yindlebe yangaphakathi xa uphendula isandi. Olu vavanyo luhlala lwenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo olusanda kuzalwa. Intloko ye-MRI inokwenziwa ukunceda ukufumanisa ilahleko yokuva ngenxa ye-acoustic neuroma.

I-audiometry; Uvavanyo lokuva; Abaphulaphuli (audiogram)

• I-anatomy yendlebe

Amundsen GA. Iaudiometry. Ku: Fowler GC, ed. Iinkqubo zikaPfenninger kunye neFowler zoKhathalelo oluSisiseko. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 59.

I-Kileny PR, iZwolan TA, iSlager HK. Uvavanyo lwe-audiology kunye novavanyo lwe-electrophysiologic lokuva. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 134.

U-Lew HL, uTanaka C, uHirohata E, uGoodrich GL. Uphicotho-zincwadi, i-vestibular, kunye nokubonakala kokuphazamiseka. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. Amayeza oNyango kaBraddom kunye noVuselelo. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 50.