Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Iprostate-antigen (PSA) yiprotein eveliswa ziiseli zeprostate.

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lwenziwe ukunceda isikrini kunye nokulandela umhlaza wedlala lobudoda emadodeni.

Isampulu yegazi iyafuneka.

Qinisekisa ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyawazi onke amayeza owasebenzisayo. Ezinye iziyobisi zibangela ukuba inqanaba lakho le-PSA libe sezantsi ngobuxoki.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho manyathelo athile ayimfuneko ukulungiselela olu vavanyo. Akufanele ube novavanyo lwe-PSA kungekudala emva kokuba usulelo lwe-urinary okanye uqhuba inkqubo okanye utyando olubandakanya inkqubo yokuchama. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ulinde ixesha elingakanani.

Unokuziva iintlungu kancinci okanye ukubetha xa inaliti ifakiwe. Emva koko, kunokubakho ukubetha okanye ukukrala kancinci. Ezi zihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Izizathu zovavanyo lwe-PSA:

• Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa kwisikrini somhlaza wesibeletho.
• Isetyenziselwa ukulandela abantu emva konyango lomhlaza wedlala lesinyi ukubona ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na.
• Ukuba umboneleli uziva ukuba iprotrate gland ayiqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba.

NGOKUGQITHISILEYO NGOKUFUNDA UMGAQO-XHOSA WESIBHEDLELE

Ukulinganisa inqanaba le-PSA kungonyusa ithuba lokufumana umhlaza wedlala lobudoda xa kuselithuba. Kodwa kukho impikiswano malunga nexabiso lovavanyo lwe-PSA lokufumana umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Akukho mpendulo inye elingana nawo onke amadoda.

Kumadoda athile aneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-69 ubudala, ukuvavanywa kunokunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okusweleka ngumhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Nangona kunjalo, kumadoda amaninzi, ukuhlolwa kunye nokunyangwa kunokuba yingozi kunokuba luncedo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uvavanywe, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokufumana uvavanyo lwe-PSA. Buza malunga:

• Nokuba ukuvavanywa kunciphisa ithuba lakho lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza webele
• Nokuba kukho nasiphi na isenzakaliso esivela ekuvavanyweni komhlaza webala lobudoda, njengemiphumela emibi kuvavanyo okanye ukunyangwa komhlaza xa kufunyenwe

Amadoda angaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala engama-55 anethuba eliphezulu lokufumana umhlaza webala le-Prostate kwaye kufuneka athethe nomboneleli wabo malunga nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ukuba:

• Unembali yosapho yomhlaza wesibeletho (ngakumbi umzalwana okanye utata)
• Ngaba baseMelika baseMelika

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PSA azinakufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Kuphela yiprostate biopsy enokuchonga lo mhlaza.

Umboneleli wakho uya kujonga kwiziphumo zakho ze-PSA kwaye ajonge ubudala bakho, ubuhlanga, amayeza owathathayo, kunye nezinye izinto zokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba iPSA yakho iqhelekile na nokuba ufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu.

Inqanaba lesiqhelo le-PSA lithathwa njengee-nanograms eziyi-4.0 ngeemililitha (ng / ml) zegazi, kodwa oku kuyahluka ngokobudala:

• Kumadoda akwiminyaka engama-50 okanye engaphantsi, inqanaba le-PSA kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 kwiimeko ezininzi.
• Amadoda amadala ahlala enamazinga aphezulu e-PSA kunamadoda amancinci.

Inqanaba eliphezulu le-PSA linxulunyaniswe nethuba elonyukayo lokuba nomhlaza webele.

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokufumana umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, kodwa ayisiyonyani. Ezinye iimeko zinokubangela ukunyuka kwe-PSA, kubandakanya:

• Iprostate enkulu
• Usulelo lweprostate (prostatitis)
• Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract
• Uvavanyo lwamva nje kwi-bladder (cystoscopy) okanye iprostate (biopsy)
• Ityhubhu yeCatheter kutshanje ibekwe kwisinyi sakho ukukhupha umchamo
• Ukwabelana ngesondo kutshanje okanye i-ejaculation
• I-colonoscopy yamva nje

Umboneleli wakho uya kuqaphela ezi zinto zilandelayo xa ethatha isigqibo kwinyathelo elilandelayo:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Ukuba ubunokuvavanywa kwi-PSA kwixa elidlulileyo kwaye lingakanani kwaye likhawuleze kangakanani inqanaba lakho lePSA
• Ukuba kufunyenwe iqhuma lobudoda ngexesha loviwo lwakho
• Ezinye iimpawu onokuba nazo
• Eminye imingcipheko yomhlaza wedlala lobudoda, njengobuhlanga kunye nembali yosapho

Amadoda asemngciphekweni omkhulu anokufuna kuvavanyo oluninzi. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ukuphinda uvavanyo lwakho lwe-PSA, amaxesha amaninzi kwiinyanga ezintathu. Unokufumana unyango kusulelo lwe-Prostate.
• I-prostate biopsy iya kwenziwa ukuba inqanaba lokuqala le-PSA liphezulu, okanye ukuba inqanaba liqhubeka nokunyuka xa iPSA ilinganiswa kwakhona.
• Uvavanyo olulandelayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-PSA yasimahla (fPSA). Oku kulinganisa ipesenti ye-PSA egazini lakho engabotshelelwanga kwezinye iiproteni. Ezantsi inqanaba lolu vavanyo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda ukho.

Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa. Eyona ndima yolu vavanyo ekuthatheni isigqibo ngonyango ayicacanga.

• Uvavanyo lomchamo olubizwa ngokuba yi-PCA-3.
• I-MRI ye-Prostate inokunceda ekuchongeni umhlaza kwindawo yeprostate ekunzima ukufikelela kuyo ngexesha le-biopsy.

Ukuba unyangelwe umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, inqanaba le-PSA lingabonisa ukuba unyango luyasebenza okanye umhlaza ubuyile. Rhoqo, inqanaba le-PSA liyenyuka ngaphambi kokuba kubekho naziphi na iimpawu. Oku kunokwenzeka iinyanga okanye iminyaka ngaphambili.

Akukho mngcipheko ubandakanyekileyo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo kunye nemithambo iyahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kwaye ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya kwelinye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunabanye. Eminye imingcipheko enxulumene nokutsalwa kwegazi incinci, kodwa inokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukugqobhoza okuninzi ukufumana imithambo
• Ukufa isiqaqa okanye ukuziva ungenantloko
• I-Hematoma (igazi eliqokelela phantsi kwesikhumba)
• Usulelo (umngcipheko omncinci nangaliphi na ixesha ulusu lwaphukile)

I-antigen ekhethekileyo ye-Prostate; Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi; PSA

• Prostate brachytherapy - ukukhutshwa

• Uvavanyo lwegazi

UMorgan TM, iPalapattu GS, uPartin AW, uWei JT. Iimpawu zomhlaza wesifo seprostate. Ku: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, ii-eds. UCampbell-Walsh Urology. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 108.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wesibeletho (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-creening-pdq#section/all. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-18 ngo-Okthobha i-2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 24, 2020.

Encinci ye-EJ. Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 191.

Umsebenzi we-US Preventive Services Task Force; IGrossman DC, uCurry SJ, et al. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lobudoda: Ingxelo yengcebiso yamandla okhuseleko e-US. JAMA. 2018; 319 (18): 1901-1913. IINKCUKACHA: 29801017 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801017.