Uvavanyo lombono wasekhaya

Uvavanyo lombono wasekhaya lilinganisa ukubanakho ukubona iinkcukacha ezintle.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezi-3 zombono ezinokwenziwa ekhaya: i-Amsler grid, umbono womgama, kunye nokuvavanywa kombono kufutshane.

Uvavanyo lwegridi yeAMSLER

Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni ukonakala kwe-macular. Esi sifo sisifo esibangela ukungaboni kakuhle, ukuphazamiseka, okanye iindawo ezingenanto. Ukuba uhlala unxiba iiglasi zokufunda, zinxibe olu vavanyo. Ukuba unxiba ii-bifocals, jonga kwicandelo lokufunda elingezantsi.

Vavanya iliso ngalinye ngokwahlukeneyo, kuqala ngasekunene emva koko ngasekhohlo. Bamba igridi yovavanyo phambi kwakho, i-intshi ezili-14 (iisentimitha ezingama-35) kude neliso lakho. Jonga ichaphaza embindini wegridi, hayi kwipateni yegridi.

Ngelixa ujonge kwichaphaza, uyakubona iigridi esembonweni wakho. Yonke imigca, yomibini ethe nkqo, ethe tye, kufuneka ivele ngokuthe tye kwaye ingaphuli. Kuya kufuneka badibane kuwo onke amanqaku awelayo kungekho ndawo zilahlekileyo. Ukuba nayiphi na imigca ibonakala igqwethiwe okanye yaphukile, qaphela indawo ekuyo kwigridi usebenzisa usiba okanye ipensile.

UMBONO WOMNTU

Le yitshathi yamehlo esemgangathweni esetyenziswayo, etshintshelwe ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya.

Itshathi iqhotyoshelwe eludongeni kwinqanaba lemehlo. Yima i-10 yeenyawo (3 yeemitha) kude netshathi. Ukuba unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhakamshelwano ukubona kude, zinxibe kuvavanyo.

Jonga iliso ngalinye ngokwahlukeneyo, kuqala ekunene emva koko lasekhohlo. Gcina amehlo omabini evulekile kwaye uvale iliso elinye ngentende yesandla.

Funda itshathi, uqale ngomgca ophezulu kwaye usonge ezantsi emigceni kude kube nzima ukufunda oonobumba. Rekhoda inani lomgca omncinci owaziyo ukuba uwafunde ngokuchanekileyo. Phinda ngelinye iliso.

UMBONO OMFUTSHANE

Oku kuyafana nokuvavanywa kombono womgama apha ngasentla, kodwa kubanjwa kuphela ii-intshi ezili-14 (iisentimitha ezingama-35) kude. Ukuba unxiba iiglasi zokufunda, zinxibe xa uzokuvavanya.

Bamba ikhadi lokuvavanya umbono elikufutshane malunga nee-intshi ezili-14 (iisentimitha ezingama-35) emehlweni akho. Musa ukulisondeza ikhadi. Funda itshathi usebenzisa iliso ngalinye ngokwahlukileyo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. Rekhoda ubungakanani bomgca omncinci okwazile ukufunda ngokuchanekileyo.

Udinga indawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle ubuncinci i-10 yeemitha (iimitha ezi-3) ubude kuvavanyo lombono womgama, kwaye oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulinganisa iteyiphu okanye umqobo
• Iitshathi zamehlo
• Iteyiphu okanye ii-tacks zokuxhoma iitshathi zamehlo eludongeni
• Ipensile yokurekhoda iziphumo
• Omnye umntu oza kunceda (ukuba kunokwenzeka), kuba banokuma kufutshane netshathi kwaye bakuxelele ukuba ufunda oonobumba ngokuchanekileyo

Itshathi yombono kufuneka iqoshelwe eludongeni kwinqanaba lemehlo. Makisha umgangatho ngesiqwengana seteyiphu eyi-10 yeemitha (iimitha ezi-3) ukusuka kwitshathi eseludongeni.

Uvavanyo alubangeli kungathandeki.

Umbono wakho unokutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphandle kokuba uqaphele.

Uvavanyo lombono wasekhaya lunokunceda ekuboneni iingxaki zamehlo nezombono kwangoko. Uvavanyo lwembono wasekhaya kufuneka lwenziwe phantsi kwesikhokelo somboneleli wakho wezempilo ukufumana utshintsho olunokwenzeka phakathi kovavanyo lwamehlo. Abayithathi indawo yovavanyo lwamehlo lobuchwephesha.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa ukonakala kwe-macular banokuxelelwa ngugqirha wamehlo ukuba benze uvavanyo lwegridi yeAmsler rhoqo. Kukulungele ukwenza olu vavanyo hayi rhoqo kanye ngeveki. Utshintsho olwenzeka macular luhamba kancinci, kwaye ungabaphosa xa uvavanya mihla le.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo kuvavanyo ngalunye zezi zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegridi ye-Amsler: Yonke imigca ibonakala ithe tye kwaye ingaphazanyiswa kungekho ndawo iphosakeleyo okanye ilahlekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lombono womgama: Onke amagama kumgca wama-20/20 afundwa ngokuchanekileyo.
• Kufuphi kuvavanyo lombono: Uyakwazi ukufunda umgca obhalwe i-20/20 okanye i-J-1.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokuthetha ukuba unengxaki yombono okanye isifo samehlo kwaye kuya kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo.

• Uvavanyo lwegridi ye-Amsler: Ukuba igridi ibonakala iphosakele okanye yaphukile, kunokubakho ingxaki kwi-retina.
• Uvavanyo lombono womgama: Ukuba awufundanga umgca we-20/20 ngokuchanekileyo, inokuba luphawu lokujonga kufutshane (myopia), ukubona kude (hyperopia), i-astigmatism, okanye enye into engaqhelekanga yamehlo.
• Kufuphi kuvavanyo lombono: Ukungakwazi ukufunda udidi oluncinci kunokuba luphawu lombono wokuguga (i-presbyopia).

Iimvavanyo azinabungozi.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, fumana uvavanyo lwamehlo lobuchwephesha:

• Kunzima ukugxila kufutshane nezinto
• Umbono kabini
• Intlungu yamehlo
• Ndiva ngathi kukho "ulusu" okanye "ifilimu" ngaphaya kwamehlo okanye kwamehlo
• Ukukhanya kokukhanya, amabala amnyama, okanye imifanekiso efana nesiporho
• Izinto okanye ubuso obukhangeleka buphazamisekile okanye inkungu
• Amakhonkco anemibala emnyama ajikeleze izibane
• Imigca ethe tye ijonge i-wavy
• Unengxaki yokubona ebusuku, unengxaki yokulungelelanisa amagumbi amnyama

Ukuba abantwana banazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka babe novavanyo lwamehlo oluchanekileyo:

• Amehlo awele
• Ubunzima esikolweni
• Ukuqhwanyaza kakhulu
• Ukusondela kakhulu entweni (umzekelo, umabonwakude) ukuze uyibone
• Ukuthambeka kwentloko
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Amehlo amanzi

Uvavanyo lwe-acuity ebonakalayo-ekhaya; Uvavanyo lwegridi yeAmsler

• Uvavanyo lwe-acuity ebonakalayo

UFeder RS, u-Olsen TW, uPrum BE uJr, et al. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokujonga iliso kubantu abadala luthanda izikhokelo zepatheni yokwenza. Ophthalmology. Ngo-2016; 123 (1): 209-236. IINKCUKACHA: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

IProkopich CL, iHrynchak P, i-Elliott DB, iFlanagan JG. Uvavanyo lwezempilo lwe-Ocular. Ku: Elliott DB, ed. Iinkqubo zonyango kwiklinikhi yonyango lokuqala. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 7.