Iphaneli yentsholongwane ye-Hepatitis

Iphaneli yentsholongwane ye-hepatitis luthotho lweemvavanyo zegazi ezisetyenziselwa ukukhangela usulelo lwangoku okanye oludlulileyo yi-hepatitis A, hepatitis B, okanye hepatitis C. Inokujonga iisampulu zegazi ngaphezulu kolunye uhlobo lwe-hepatitis virus ngaxeshanye.

Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody kunye ne-antigen lunokufumana intsholongwane nganye kwi-hepatitis.

Qaphela: I-Hepatitis D ibangela kuphela izifo kubantu abane-hepatitis B. Akujongwa rhoqo kwiphaneli ye-hepatitis antibody.

Igazi lihlala litsalwa emthanjeni ngaphakathi kwengqiniba okanye ngasemva kwesandla. Indawo icocwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (i-antiseptic). Umboneleli wezempilo usonga ibhanti yelastic ejikeleze ingalo ephezulu ukufaka uxinzelelo kuloo ndawo kwaye enze umthambo udumbe ligazi.

Okulandelayo, umboneleli ufaka inaliti ngobunono emthanjeni. Igazi liqokelelwa kwityhubhu engangeni moya eqhotyoshelwe kule naliti. Ibhanti e-elastic isuswe engalweni yakho.Nje ukuba igazi liqokelelwe, inaliti iyasuswa. Indawo yokubhoboza igqunyiwe ukunqanda ukopha.

Kwiintsana okanye kubantwana abancinci, isixhobo esibukhali esibizwa ngokuba yi-lancet sinokusetyenziselwa ukugqobhoza ulusu kunye nokwenza igazi. Igazi liqokelelwa kwityhubhu yeglasi encinci, okanye kwisilayidi okanye kumtya wovavanyo. Ibhandeji inokufakwa ngaphezulu kwendawo ukuba kukho ukopha.

Isampulu yegazi ithunyelwa elebhu eya kuvavanywa. Uvavanyo lwegazi (serology) lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ii-antibodies kwintsholongwane nganye yesifo sokudumba kwesibindi.

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo luyafuneka.

Abanye abantu baziva iintlungu eziphakathi xa kufakwa inaliti ukutsala igazi. Abanye baziva ngathi batyhafile okanye batyhafile. Emva koko, unokuziva uthabatheka.

Umboneleli wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba uneempawu ze-hepatitis. Isetyenziselwa:

• Khangela usulelo lwe-hepatitis lwangoku okanye lwangaphambili
• Qinisekisa ukuba umntu usuleleka njani yi-hepatitis
• Ukubeka esweni umntu onyangwa i-hepatitis

Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kwezinye iimeko, ezinje:

• I-hepatitis engapheliyo
• IHepatitis D (iarhente ye-delta)
• Isifo seNephrotic
• Cryoglobulinemia
• I-Porphyria cutanea tarda
• I-Erythema multiforme kunye ne-nodosum

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ukuba akukho zintsholongwane ze-hepatitis zifunyanwa kwisampulu yegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisiphumo esibi.

Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci kuxhomekeka kwilebhu eyenza uvavanyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

Kukho uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lwe-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis B. Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo luthathwa njengengaqhelekanga.

Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lunokuthetha:

• Okwangoku unesifo se-hepatitis. Oku kunokuba sisulelo esitsha (i-hepatitis ebukhali), okanye kusenokwenzeka ukuba usulelekile ixesha elide (i-hepatitis engapheliyo).
• Unosulelo lwe-hepatitis ngaphambili, kodwa awusenalo usulelo kwaye awunakusasaza kwabanye.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lweHepatitis A:

• I-anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) ye-IgM (anti-hepatitis A virus) (HAV), ubunosulelo lwakutsha nje kwi-hepatitis A
• Itotali (IgM kunye neIgG) antibodies kwi-hepatitis A, unosulelo lwangaphambili okanye oludlulileyo, okanye ukhuseleko kwi-hepatitis A

Iziphumo zovavanyo lweHepatitis B:

• I-Hepatitis B kumphezulu we-antigen (HBsAg): unesifo esosulelayo se-hepatitis B, nokuba kungoku nje okanye sisifo esinganyangekiyo (ixesha elide)
• I-antibody kwi-hepatitis B engundoqo ye-antigen (i-Anti-HBc), usulelo lwe-hepatitis B lwakutsha nje okanye oludlulileyo
• I-Antibody kwi-HBsAg (i-Anti-HBs): Unosulelo lwe-hepatitis B oludlulileyo okanye ufumene isitofu sokugonya se-hepatitis B kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba wosuleleke
• Uhlobo lwe-Hepatitis B uhlobo lwe-antigen (HBeAg): unesifo esinganyangekiyo sesifo se-hepatitis B kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba usasaze usulelo kwabanye ngokudibana ngokwesondo okanye ngokwabelana ngenaliti.

Ama-antibodies kwi-hepatitis C anokuhlala efunyanwa kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-10 emva kokuba usulelekile. Ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo zinokwenziwa ukuthatha isigqibo kunyango kunye nokujonga usulelo lwe-hepatitis C.

Iingozi ezinxulunyaniswa nokutsalwa kwegazi zincinci, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukufa isiqaqa okanye ukuziva ungenantloko
• I-Hematoma (igazi eliqokelela phantsi kwesikhumba)
• Usulelo (umngcipheko omncinci nangaliphi na ixesha ulusu lwaphukile)

Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis A antibody; Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B antibody; Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis C antibody; Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis D antibody

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Intsholongwane yeHepatitis B
• Erythema multiform, izilonda setyhula - izandla

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IPawlotsky JM. I-hepatitis yentsholongwane engapheliyo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 149.

UPincus MR, u-Tierno PM, uGleeson E, uBowne WB, uBluth MH. Ukuvavanywa kokusebenza kwesibindi. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 21.

Wedemeyer H.Hepatitis C. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Amathumbu kunye nezifo zesibindi: iPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 80.