Into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neNkqubo yokuphefumla

Umxholo

• Inkqubo yokuphefumla yomzimba
• Ukuphefumla kwenzeka njani
• Izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla
• Uya nini kwagqirha
• Ugqirha onyanga izifo zokuphefumla

Eyona njongo iphambili yokuphefumla kukuzisa ioksijini kuzo zonke iiseli ezisemzimbeni kunye nokususa icarbon dioxide esisiphumo seoksijini esele isetyenziswa ziiseli.

Ukuze oku kwenzeke kukho inkuthazo, kulapho umoya ungena emiphungeni, kunye nomphunga, nalapho umoya uphuma emiphungeni, kwaye ngaphandle kwale nkqubo isenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha, zininzi iinkcukacha ezichaphazelekayo.

Inkqubo yokuphefumla yomzimba

Ngokwe-anatomy, amalungu anoxanduva lokuphefumla ebantwini zezi:

• Nemingxuma ngeempumlo: Uxanduva lokuhluza amasuntswana omoya, ukulawula ubushushu apho umoya ufikelela khona emiphungeni, nokubona ivumba kunye nobukho beentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya. Emva kokubona ubukho bezi ntsholongwane, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela 'ivale' imingxunya yempumlo, ibangele 'impumlo exineneyo'.
• Pharynx, larynx kunye netreachea: Emva kokudlula kwimingxunya yempumlo, umoya uthathwa usiwe kwingqula, apho kukho imicu yelizwi, emva koko uye kwitrachea, eyahlula ibe zii-2, ide ifikelele emiphungeni: ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. I-trachea yityhubhu equlathe amakhonkco e-cartilaginous kulo lonke ubume bayo, esebenza ngendlela ekhuselayo, ethintela ukuba ingavali xa umntu ejikisa intamo ecaleni, umzekelo.
• IBronchi: Emva kwetrachea, umoya ufikelela kwi-bronchi, ezizakhiwo ezibini, ezifanayo nomthi oguqulweyo ujonge ezantsi, yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumthi webronchi. I-bronchi iphinde yahlulwe yangamacandelo amancinci, zii-bronchioles, ezizele zi-cilia kwaye zivelisa i-mucus (phlegm) esebenza ukuphelisa ii-microorganisms.
• Alveoli: Isakhiwo sokugqibela senkqubo yokuphefumla yi-alveoli, edityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwimithambo yegazi. Apha ioksijini ingena egazini, apho inokuthi ifikelele kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba kukutshintshiselana ngegesi, kuba ukongeza ekuthatheni ioksijini egazini, isusa ikharbon diokside, egazini. Igazi elinobutyebi beoksijini likho kwimithambo, ngelixa igazi 'elimdaka', ligcwele icarbon dioxide, likho emithanjeni. Njengoko uphuma, yonke ikhabhon diokside iyasuswa emzimbeni.

Ukunceda ekushukumeni komphefumlo kukwakhona nezihlunu zokuphefumla (intercostal) kunye n diaphragm.

Ukuphefumla kwenzeka njani

Ukuphefumla kwenzeka ngendlela engokwemvelo, kuba usana luzelwe, ngaphandle kokukhumbula, kuba lulawulwa luvo oluzimeleyo. Ukuze kwenzeke ukuphefumla, umntu uphefumla umoya osesibhakabhakeni, ogqitha kwimpumlo yempumlo, ngepharynx, kwingqula, kwitrachea, kwaye xa ufikelela emiphungeni, umoya usadlula kwi-bronchi, bronchioles, de ekugqibeleni ufike kwi-alveoli, apho ioksijini idlula ngokuthe ngqo yegazi. Nantsi into eyenzekayo:

• Kwimpembelelo: izihlunu ze-intercostal phakathi kwesivumelwano seembambo kunye nediaphragm ziyehla, zonyusa isithuba semiphunga sokugcwalisa umoya, kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyancipha;
• Ukuphelelwa: izihlunu ze-intercostal kunye nediaphragm ziyaphumla kwaye uvalo luyenyuka, umthamo weembambo uyahla, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyanda, kwaye umoya uphuma emiphungeni.

Ukuphefumla okufutshane kwenzeka xa kukho utshintsho kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, ethintela ukungena okanye ukuphuma komoya, kwaye ngenxa yoko utshintshiselwano ngegesi alunampumelelo, kwaye igazi liqala ukuba nekhabhon diokside engaphezulu kweoksijini.

Izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla

Eminye imizekelo yezifo zenkqubo yokuphefumla yile:

Umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda: kwenzeka xa intsholongwane ingena kwinkqubo yokuphefumla. Kwingqele, intsholongwane ikwimingxunya yempumlo kuphela kwaye inokufikelela kwi-pharynx, ibangele ukuxinana kwempumlo kunye nokuphazamiseka. Kwimeko yomkhuhlane, intsholongwane inokufikelela kwimiphunga ngomkhuhlane kunye nephlegm eninzi esifubeni. Yazi ukuba ziyintoni kwaye ungazinyanga njani iimpawu zomkhuhlane

Isifuba: Kwenzeka ngamaxesha apho umntu ancipha kwi-bronchi okanye i-bronchioles, kunye nemveliso encinci ye-mucus. umoya udlula nzima ngakumbi kwezi zakhiwo kwaye umntu ukhupha isandi esiphakamileyo ngokuphefumla ngakunye.

IBronchitis: kubangela ukusikwa kunye nokudumba kwe-bronchi kunye ne-bronchioles. Iziphumo zoku kudumba yimveliso yencindi, enokugxothwa ngohlobo lwe-phlegm, kodwa enokuginywa xa ifika kwi-pharynx, ijolise esiswini. Jonga iimpawu kunye nonyango lwe-asthmatic bronchitis

Umzimba: kuyenzeka xa amajoni omzimba womntu esebenza kakhulu kwaye eqonda ukuba izinto ezithile ezikhoyo emoyeni ziyingozi kakhulu empilweni, zibangela iimpawu zokulumkisa nanini na xa umntu ethe wavela eluthulini, iziqholo okanye umungu, umzekelo.

Ukukrala kwemiphunga: ihlala ibangelwa kukungena kweentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya, kodwa inokwenzeka ngenxa yobukho bezinto zangaphandle, ukutya okuseleyo okanye ukugabha ngaphakathi kwemiphunga, kubangele umkhuhlane kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Umkhuhlane unokuba mandundu kwaye ubangele inyumoniya, kodwa ingqele ayinako oko. Jonga zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu zenyumoniya

Isifo sephepha: ihlala isenzeka xa i-bacillus ingena kwimiphunga nge-airways, ibangela umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm eninzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha igazi. Esi sifo siyosulela kakhulu kwaye sidlula emoyeni ngokudibana nemfihlo yomntu ogulayo. Unyango lubaluleke kakhulu kuba ibacillus inokufikelela egazini kwaye isasazeke emzimbeni wonke, ibangele isifo sephepha ngaphandle kwemiphunga.

Uya nini kwagqirha

Nanini na xa kukho iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela nge-phlegm okanye ngaphandle kwegazi, kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo kwezonyango ukuze le ngcali ikwazi ukuvavanya umntu kwaye ichonge ukuba sesiphi isifo, kwaye loluphi unyango uninzi lubonakalisiwe, kuba inokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezichasayo, izibulala-ntsholongwane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuya esibhedlele.

Ugqirha onyanga izifo zokuphefumla

Kwimeko yeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngomkhuhlane okanye ukubanda, unokwenza idinga nengcali ngokubanzi, ngakumbi ukuba awukaya kuzo naziphi na izithintelo ngenxa yezikhalazo zokuphefumla. Lo gqirha unokumamela imiphunga yakho, ujonge umkhuhlane, kwaye ujonge ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zezifo zokuphefumla. Kodwa kwimeko yezifo ezinganyangekiyo, ezinje nge-asthma okanye i-bronchitis, kungabonakaliswa ukuba kufunwe uncedo kugqirha oyingcali yenyumoniya, kuba usetyenziselwa ngakumbi ukunyanga abaguli abanoluhlobo lwesifo, ngoqeqesho olukhulu ukukhokela unyango kunye nokulandela -up kubomi bomntu.