Uvavanyo lwegazi lweCBC

Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwegazi (CBC) luthatha amanyathelo alandelayo:

• Inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBC count)
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ubalo lweWBC)
• Isixa esipheleleyo se-hemoglobin egazini
• Inxalenye yegazi eyenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi (hematocrit)

Uvavanyo lwe-CBC lukwabonelela ngolwazi malunga nale milinganiselo ilandelayo:

• Ubungakanani besayizi ebomvu yeeseli yegazi (MCV)
• Isixa sehemoglobin ngeeseli ebomvu yegazi (MCH)
• Ubungakanani behemoglobin ehambelana nobungakanani beseli (uxinzelelo lwehemoglobin) kwiseli ebomvu yegazi (MCHC)

Inani leplatelet lihlala lifakiwe kwi-CBC.

Isampulu yegazi iyafuneka.

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo luyafuneka.

Xa inaliti ifakwa ukutsala igazi, unokuziva iintlungu eziphakathi. Abanye abantu baziva ngathi bayarhwaphiliza okanye ukuhlaba. Emva koko kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka okanye ukugruzuka okuncinci. Oku kuya kuhamba kungekudala.

I-CBC luvavanyo lwelebhu oluqhutywa rhoqo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana okanye ukubeka esweni iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuyalela olu vavanyo:

• Njengengxenye yokujonga rhoqo
• Ukuba unempawu, njengokukhathala, ukunciphisa umzimba, umkhuhlane okanye ezinye iimpawu zosulelo, ubuthathaka, ukutyumka, ukopha, okanye nayiphi na imiqondiso yomhlaza.
• Xa ufumana unyango (amayeza okanye imitha) ezinokuthi zitshintshe iziphumo zakho zenani legazi
• Ukujonga ingxaki yexesha elide (engapheliyo) yezempilo enokutshintsha iziphumo zakho zenani legazi, ezinje ngesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo

Ubalo lwegazi lungahluka ngokobude. Ngokubanzi, iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zezi:

Inani le-RBC:

• Indoda: I-4.7 ukuya kwi-6.1 yezigidi zeeseli / mcL
• Abasetyhini: 4.2 ukuya kwi-5.4 yezigidi zeeseli / mcL

Ubalo lweWBC:

• 4,500 ukuya kwi-10,000 iiseli / mcL

Hematocrit:

• Amadoda: 40.7% ukuya kuma-50.3%
• Abasetyhini: 36.1% ukuya kuma-44.3%

IHemoglobin:

• Indoda: 13.8 ukuya kwi-17.2 gm / dL
• Ibhinqa: 12.1 ukuya kwi-15.1 gm / dL

Iimpawu zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi:

• I-MCV: i-80 ukuya kwi-95 ye-femtoliter
• I-MCH: 27 ukuya kwi-31 ipg / iseli
• I-MCHC: 32 ukuya kwi-36 gm / dL

Ubalo lweplatelet:

• I-150,000 ukuya kwi-450,000 / dL

Imizekelo engentla yimilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yeziphumo zolu vavanyo. Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci phakathi kweelebhu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iilebhu zisebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo okanye ukuvavanya iisampulu ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

I-RBC ephezulu, i-hemoglobin, okanye i-hematocrit inokuba ngenxa:

• Ukungabikho kwamanzi okwaneleyo kunye namanzi, afana nesifo sohudo esinzima, ukujuluka okukhulu, okanye iipilisi zamanzi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Isifo sezintso esinemveliso ephezulu ye-erythropoietin
• Inqanaba leoksijini eliphantsi egazini ixesha elide, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga
• IPolycythemia vera
• Ukutshaya

I-RBC ephantsi, i-hemoglobin, okanye i-hematocrit luphawu lwe-anemia, enokubangela:

• Ukuphulukana negazi (nokuba ngequbuliso, okanye ngenxa yeengxaki ezinjengexesha elinzima lokuya exesheni ixesha elide)
• Ukungaphumeleli komongo wethambo (umzekelo, ukusuka kwimitha, usulelo, okanye ithumba)
• Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (hemolysis)
• Umhlaza kunye nonyango lomhlaza
• Iimeko ezithile zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) zonyango, ezinje ngesifo sezintso ezinganyangekiyo, ulcerative colitis, okanye isifo samathambo
• Ileukemia
• Usulelo lwexesha elide njenge-hepatitis
• Ukutya okungalunganga kunye nesondlo, kubangela i-iron encinci, i-folate, i-vitamin B12, okanye i-vitamin B6
• I-myeloma eninzi

Inani elingaphantsi kweqhelekileyo leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi libizwa ngokuba yi-leukopenia. Inani elinciphileyo le-WBC linokubangelwa:

• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala kunye nokonakala kwesibindi
• Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo (ezinje nge-lupus erythematosus)
• Ukungaphumeleli komongo wethambo (umzekelo, ngenxa yosulelo, ithumba, imitha, okanye ifibrosis)
• Amayeza e-Chemotherapy asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza
• Isifo sesibindi okanye udakada
• Ipeni eyandisiweyo
• Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezinjengeMono okanye uGawulayo
• Amayeza

Inani eliphezulu le-WBC libizwa ngokuba yi-leukocytosis. Inokubangela ukuba:

• Amayeza athile, anjengee-corticosteroids
• Usulelo
• Izifo ezifana ne-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, okanye i-allergies
• Ileukemia
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu lweemvakalelo okanye lomzimba
• Umonakalo wethishu (njengokutsha okanye isifo sentliziyo)

Inani eliphezulu leplatelet linokubangelwa:

• Ukopha
• Izifo ezifana nomhlaza
• Ukunqongophala kwentsimbi
• Iingxaki ngomongo wethambo

Inani eliphantsi leplatelet linokubangelwa:

• Ukuphazamiseka apho iiplatelets zitshatyalaliswayo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ipeni eyandisiweyo
• Ukungaphumeleli komongo wethambo (umzekelo, ngenxa yosulelo, ithumba, imitha, okanye ifibrosis)
• Amayeza e-Chemotherapy asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza

Mncinci umngcipheko obandakanyekayo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo kunye nemithambo iyahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kwaye ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya kwelinye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunabanye.

Eminye imingcipheko enxulumene nokutsalwa kwegazi incinci, kodwa inokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukufa isiqaqa okanye ukuziva ungenantloko
• I-Hematoma (igazi eliqokelela phantsi kwesikhumba)
• Usulelo (umngcipheko omncinci nangaliphi na ixesha ulusu lwaphukile)

Ii-RBCs zothutho lwehemoglobin, zona ezihambisa ioksijini. Ubungakanani beoksijini efunyenwe zizicubu zomzimba buxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kwee-RBCs kunye nehemoglobin.

Ii-WBCs ngabalamli bokudumba kunye nempendulo yomzimba. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-WBCs ezidla ngokubonakala egazini:

• I-neutrophils (i-polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
• Iiseli zebhendi (i-neutrophils encinci)
• Uhlobo lwe-T-lymphocyte (T iiseli)
• Uhlobo lwe-B lwe-lymphocyte (iiseli ze-B)
• Monocytes
• Iifososophil
• Iibhasophils

Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi; I-Anemia-CBC

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli zerhengqa
• Megaloblastic anemia-jonga iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, imo yokwehla kweinyembezi
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi-ziqhelekileyo
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - elliptocytosis
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - i-spherocytosis
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi-iiseli ezininzi zeerheng
• I-Basophil (ukuvala)
• I-Malaria, umbono omncinci wee-parasites zeselula
• Isifo seengcongconi, ifotomicrafograph yesidleleli seselfowuni
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - iiseli zerhengqa
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - irhengqa kunye nePappenheimer
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ekujolise kuzo iiseli
• Izinto ezenziwe ngegazi
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi-uthotho

Ibhokhwe HF. Indlela eya kwii-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 158.

ICosta K. Hematology. Ku: Isibhedlele saseJohn Hopkins; IHughes HK, Kahl LK, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseJohns Hopkins: Incwadana yeHarriet Lane. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 14.

I-Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwegazi kunye nomongo wethambo. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-22. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 30.