Umnqweno wethambo

Umongo wethambo sisicubu esithambileyo ngaphakathi kwamathambo esinceda ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi. Ifumaneka kwinxalenye yomngxunya wamathambo amaninzi. Umnqweno womongo wethambo kukususa isixa esincinci sale nyama ngokumalunga noviwo.

Umnqweno we-Bone marrow awufani ne-bone marrow biopsy. I-biopsy isusa isiseko samathambo ovavanyo.

Umnqweno wethambo unokwenziwa kwiofisi yomboneleli wezempilo okanye esibhedlele. Umongo wethambo uyasuswa kwithambo lakho lethambo okanye lethambo. Ngamanye amaxesha, elinye ithambo likhethwa.

Umongo ususwa kula manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukuba uyafuneka, unikwa amayeza okukunceda uphumle.
• Umboneleli ucoca ulusu kwaye utofe iyeza elirhabaxa kwindawo kunye nomphezulu wethambo.
• Inaliti ekhethekileyo ifakwe kwithambo. Inaliti inetyhubhu eqhotyoshelwe kuyo, edala ukufunxa. Isampulu encinci yomongo wamathambo oqukuqela ungene kwityhubhu.
• Inaliti iyasuswa.
• Uxinzelelo kwaye emva koko ibhandeji iyasetyenziswa kulusu.

Amanzi omongo wethambo athunyelwa elabhoratri kwaye avavanywe phantsi kwemicroscope.

Xelela umboneleli:

• Ukuba uxabisa kuwo nawaphi na amayeza
• Ukuba ukhulelwe
• Ukuba uneengxaki zokopha
• Ngawaphi amayeza owathathayo

Uyakuva ulwamvila kunye nokutsha kancinci xa kusetyenziswa iyeza elenzayo. Unokuziva uxinzelelo njengoko inaliti ifakwa ethanjeni, kunye nokubukhali kwaye kuhlala kubuhlungu ukufunxa njengoko umongo ususwa. Olu luvo luhlala nje imizuzwana embalwa.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba uneentlobo ezingaqhelekanga okanye amanani eeseli ezibomvu okanye ezimhlophe zegazi okanye iiplatelets kubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi.

Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga:

• I-anemia (ezinye iintlobo)
• Usulelo
• Ileukemia
• Olunye umhlaza wegazi kunye nokuphazamiseka

Inokukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza usasazekile okanye uphendulile kunyango.

Umongo wethambo kufuneka ubenenani elifanelekileyo kunye neentlobo ze:

• Iiseli ezenza igazi
• Izicubu ezinxibelelanayo
• Iiseli ezinamafutha

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza womongo wethambo, kubandakanya:

• Ileukemia eyi-lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE)
• Ileukemia eyi-myelogenous (AML)
• I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo (CLL)
• I-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML)

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangelwa zezinye izizathu, ezinje:

• Umongo wethambo awenzi iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo (i-aplastic anemia)
• Usulelo lwebhakteria okanye lomngundo oluthe lwasasazeka emzimbeni wonke
• Umhlaza wamathambo e-lymph (Hodgkin okanye non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Ingxaki yokuphuma kwegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• Umhlaza wegazi ubizwa (uninzi lwe-myeloma)
• Ukuphazamiseka apho umongo wethambo uthatyathelwa indawo ziintsimbi ezibomvu (myelofibrosis)
• Ukuphazamiseka apho kungonelanga ukuba iiseli zegazi zisempilweni (myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS)
• Inani elisezantsi ngokungaqhelekanga leeplatelets, ezinceda igazi ukuba ligungqe (i-thrombocytopenia ephambili)
• Umhlaza weseli emhlophe ebizwa ngokuba yiWaldenström macroglobulinemia

Kunokubakho ukopha kwindawo yokugqobhoza. Imingcipheko emikhulu, njengokuphuma kakhulu kwegazi okanye usulelo, kunqabile kakhulu.

Impompo yeIliac; Impompo yangaphakathi; Leukemia - umnqweno wethambo; I-aplastic anemia - umnqweno womongo wethambo; Isifo seMyelodysplastic - umnqweno wethambo; Thrombocytopenia - umnqweno womongo wethambo; I-Myelofibrosis - umnqweno womongo wethambo

• Umnqweno wethambo
• Sternum-umbono wangaphandle (ngaphambili)

Iibhendi I, uBurthem J. Amathambo umongo wethambo. Ku: Bain BJ, iBates I, Laffan MA, ii-eds. UDacie kunye noLewis beHematology esebenzayo. Umhla we-12. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 7.

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. Uhlalutyo lomongo wethambo - isampulu (i-biopsy, ithambo lomongo wethambo, ibala lesinyithi, umongo wethambo). Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ii-eds. Iimvavanyo zaselebhu kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda isifo. Umhla wesi-6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2013: 241-244.

I-Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwegazi kunye nomongo wethambo. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 30.