Utshintsho lokuguga entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi

Olunye utshintsho entliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi luqhele ukwenzeka ngokuguga. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lotshintsho oluqhelekileyo ngokwaluphala lubangelwa okanye lwenziwe mandundu zizinto ezinokutshintsha. Ukuba akunyangwa, oku kungakhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo.

IMVELAPHI

Intliziyo inamacala amabini. Icala lasekunene lipompa igazi kwimiphunga ukuze lifumane ioksijini kunye nokususa icarbon dioxide. Icala lasekhohlo lifumana iimpompo ze-oxygen emzimbeni.

Igazi liphuma ngaphandle kwentliziyo, kuqala nge-aorta, emva koko lityhutyha imithambo, ephuma kwaye inciphe kwaye incinci njengoko ingena kwizicwili. Kwizicubu, ziba zii-capillaries ezincinci.

IiCapillaries kulapho igazi linika khona ioksijini kunye nezondlo kwizicwili, kwaye lifumana ikhabhon diokside kunye nenkunkuma ebuya kwizicwili. Emva koko, iimpahla ziqala ukuqokelelana kunye kwiimithambo ezinkulu nezikhulu, ezibuyisela igazi entliziyweni.

UTSHINTSHO OLUDALA

Intliziyo:

• Intliziyo ine-pacemaker system yendalo elawula ukubetha kwentliziyo. Eminye yeendlela zale nkqubo inokukhulisa izicubu ezinemicu kunye nedipozithi enamafutha. I-pacemaker yendalo (i-sinoatrial okanye i-node ye-SA) iphulukana nezinye iiseli zayo. Olu tshintsho lunokubangela ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci.
• Ukwanda kancinci kubungakanani bentliziyo, ngakumbi i-ventricle yasekhohlo yenzeka kwabanye abantu. Udonga lwentliziyo luyajiya, ke inani legazi elinokubanjwa kwigumbi lingancipha nangona ubungakanani bentliziyo bonyukile. Intliziyo inokugcwalisa kancinci.
• Ukutshintsha kwentliziyo kuhlala kubangela i-electrocardiogram (ECG) yomntu oqhelekileyo, osempilweni ukuba ahluke kancinane kune-ECG yomntu omdala osempilweni. Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (arrhythmias), ezinje nge-atrial fibrillation, zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Zingabangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zesifo sentliziyo.
• Utshintsho oluqhelekileyo entliziyweni lubandakanya iidipozithi ze "pigment endala", lipofuscin. Iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo ziyehla kancinane. Izivalo ngaphakathi kwentliziyo, ezilawula kwicala lokuhamba kwegazi, zijiye kwaye ziqine. Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukuqina kwevalve kuqhelekile kubantu abadala.

Ivazi yegazi:

• Abamkeli ababizwa ngokuba zii-baroreceptors bajonge uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye benze utshintsho ukunceda ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi xa umntu etshintsha isikhundla okanye esenza eminye imisebenzi. Ii-baroreceptors ziye zinganeno kangako ngokuguga. Oku kunokucacisa ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi abadala benesifo se-orthostatic hypotension, imeko apho uxinzelelo lwegazi luwela khona xa umntu esiya ekuxokeni okanye ehleli ekumeni. Oku kubangela ukuba nesiyezi kuba kuncipha ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo.
• Iindonga ze-capillary zincinci kancinci. Oku kunokubangela isantya esisezantsi sokutshintshiselana kwezakhamzimba kunye nenkunkuma.
• Umthambo ophambili osuka entliziyweni (aorta) uya usiba mkhulu, uqine, kwaye ube bhetyebhetye. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kunxulumene notshintsho kwizicubu ezinxibelelanayo zodonga lwemithambo yegazi. Oku kwenza uxinzelelo lwegazi luphakame kwaye kwenza ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima, enokuthi ikhokelele ekuqineni kwentliziyo yemisipha (hypertrophy). Eminye imithambo iyajiya kwaye iqine. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu abadala lunokonyuka okuphakathi koxinzelelo lwegazi.

Igazi:

• Igazi ngokwalo litshintsha kancinci ngobudala. Ukuguga okuqhelekileyo kubangela ukuncitshiswa kwamanzi emzimbeni. Njengenxalenye yoku, kukho ulwelo oluncinci kwigazi, ngenxa yoko umthamo wegazi uyehla.
• Isantya ezenziwa ngaso iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuphendula uxinzelelo okanye ukugula siyancitshiswa. Oku kudala impendulo ethe chu ekulahlekelweni ligazi kunye ne-anemia.
• Uninzi lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi zihlala kumanqanaba afanayo, nangona iiseli ezithile zegazi ezimhlophe zibalulekile kumajoni omzimba (neutrophils) ancipha kwinani labo kunye nokukwazi ukulwa neebhaktiriya. Oku kunciphisa amandla okumelana nosulelo.

UMSEBENZI WOKUTSHINTSHA

Ngokwesiqhelo, intliziyo iyaqhubeka nokumpompa igazi elaneleyo ukuba linikeze onke amalungu omzimba. Nangona kunjalo, intliziyo endala ayinako ukumpompa igazi xa usenza ukuba isebenze nzima.

Ezinye zezinto ezenza ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenze nzima zezi:

• Amayeza athile
• Uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo
• Ukuzilolonga ngokwasemzimbeni
• Isigulo
• Usulelo
• Ukwenzakala

IINGXAKI EZIQHELEKILEYO

• I-Angina (iintlungu zesifuba ezibangelwa kukuncitshiswa kwegazi okwexeshana ukuya kwimisipha yentliziyo), ukuphefumla kancinci ngokuzimisela, kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunokubangelwa sisifo semithambo.
• Iingqungquthela zentliziyo engaqhelekanga (arrhythmias) zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka.
• I-anemia inokwenzeka, inokuba inxulumene nokungondleki, usulelo olungapheliyo, ukulahleka kwegazi kumathambo esisu, okanye njengokuxakaniseka kwezinye izifo okanye amayeza.
• I-Arteriosclerosis (ukuqina kwemithambo) kuqhelekile. Amacwecwe amanqatha afakwa ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi ebangela ukuba anciphise kwaye avimbe ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi.
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo yokuxinana kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala. Kubantu abadala kunama-75, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo yokuxinana kwenzeka amaxesha angama-10 rhoqo kunakwabantu abadala abancinci.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi siqhelekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-orthostatic hypotension zixhaphake kakhulu xa umntu emdala. Abantu abadala kumayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi kufuneka basebenze nogqirha wabo ukufumana eyona ndlela yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kungenxa yokuba amayeza amaninzi anokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuweni.
• Izifo zesifo sentliziyo ziqhelekile. I-aortic stenosis, okanye ukunciphisa i-valve ye-aortic, sisifo se-valve esiqhelekileyo kubantu abadala.
• Uhlaselo lwexeshana lwe-ischemic (TIA) okanye imivumbo inokwenzeka ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo kuphazamisekile.

Ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Amahlwili egazi
• I-vein thrombosis enzulu
• Thrombophlebitis
• Isifo se-vascular peripheral, esibangela iintlungu ezibuhlungu kwimilenze xa uhamba (ukucacisa)
• Iimvumba ze-Varicose
• I-Aneurysms inokukhula kwenye yeemithambo ezinkulu ezisuka entliziyweni okanye kwingqondo. Ii-Aneurysms kukwanda okungaqhelekanga okanye ibhaluni yenxalenye yomthambo ngenxa yobuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi. Ukuba i-aneurysm iyagqabhuka inokubangela ukopha nokufa.

UKUTHINTELWA

• Unokunceda inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi (intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi). Isifo sentliziyo izinto ezinobungozi kulawulo lwakho zibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, amanqanaba e-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutshaya.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni ngentliziyo enamafutha ancitshisiweyo kunye necholesterol, kwaye ulawule ubunzima bakho. Landela iingcebiso zomboneleli wakho wezonyango zokunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye isifo seswekile. Nciphisa okanye uyeke ukutshaya.
• Amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 ukuya kwengama-75 abakhe batshaya kufuneka bahlolwe ii-aneurysms kwisisu sabo se-aorta esihlala sinovavanyo lwe-ultrasound.

Fumana umthambo ongaphezulu:

• Ukuzivocavoca kunokunceda ukukhusela ukukhuluphala, kwaye kunceda abantu abanesifo sikashukela ukulawula iswekile yegazi.
• Ukuzilolonga kunokukunceda ugcine amandla akho kangangoko, kwaye kunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Ukuzivocavoca ngokuphakathi yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza ukugcina intliziyo yakho, kunye nomzimba wonke, usempilweni. Thetha nomnikezeli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo entsha yomthambo. Zilolonge ngokomlinganiselo nangaphakathi kwamandla akho, kodwa yenze rhoqo.
• Abantu abenza umthambo bahlala benamafutha omzimba amancinci kwaye batshaya kancinci kunabantu abangazilolanga. Baye bathande ukuba neengxaki zoxinzelelo lwegazi ezimbalwa kunye nesifo sentliziyo esincinci.

Yiba nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwentliziyo yakho:

• Vavanya uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo ngonyaka. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, iingxaki zezintso, okanye ezinye iimeko, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho lunokufuna ukubekwa esweni ngakumbi.
• Ukuba inqanaba lakho lecholesterol liqhelekile, liphinde liyiqwalasele yonke iminyaka emi-5. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, iingxaki zezintso, okanye ezinye iimeko, icholesterol yakho inokufuna ukubekwa esweni ngakumbi.

Isifo sentliziyo - ukuguga; I-atherosclerosis - ukwaluphala

• Ukuthatha ukubetha kwe-carotid yakho
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi ngentliziyo
• Ukubetha kwemitha
• I-anatomy yentliziyo eqhelekileyo (icandelo elisikiweyo)
• Iziphumo zobudala kuxinzelelo lwegazi

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Howlett SE. Iziphumo zokuguga kwinkqubo yentliziyo. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ii-eds. Incwadi ka-Brocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine kunye neGerontology. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: isahluko 16.

USeki A, uFishbein MC. Utshintsho olunxulumene nobudala besifo sentliziyo kunye nezifo. Ku: Buja LM, Butany J, ii-eds. I-Cardiovascular Pathology. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 2.

UWalston JD. I-sequelae eqhelekileyo yeklinikhi yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.