Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-UV ngokwenene Kubulala iintsholongwane kwaye kubulale iintsholongwane?

Umxholo

• Kodwa okokuqala, yintoni ukukhanya kwe-UV?
• Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-UV kungasetyenziselwa ukubulala i-COVID-19?
• Ngaba kufuneka uthenge iimveliso zokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-UV?
• Uphengululo lwe

Emva kweenyanga uhlamba izandla, ukonwaba ekuhlaleni, unxibe imaski, kubonakala ngathi i-coronavirus iye yemba iinzipho zayo kwindawo ende e-U.S kwaye ukusukela oko iinxalenye ezimbalwa zeli thuba loyikisayo zikufumanayo unako ulawulo zizenzo zakho kunye nokusingqongileyo, ayimangalisi into yokuba wena-kwaye phantse wonke umntu-uye wacoceka. Ukuba awuzange ubeke isitokhwe kwiClorox kunye nokusula okubulala iintsholongwane ngo-Matshi, ngekhe ube yingcali xa ujikeleza uGoogle ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo enje ngokuba "ungabulala iintsholongwane ngomphunga?" Okanye "ngaba iviniga yintsholongwane?" Imishini yakho ezantsi kumngxuma wemivundla yophando isenokuba ikukhokelele kwezinye iindlela ezintsha zokubulala iintsholongwane: ezizezi, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV).

Ukukhanya kwe-UV kuye kwasetyenziswa amashumi eminyaka (ewe, amashumi eminyaka!) Ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwebhakteria, njengaleyo ibangela isifo sephepha, ngokwe-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Malunga nokukwazi kwayo ukubulala iintsholongwane ze-COVID-19? Ewe, ayizinziswanga kakuhle. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane inyani exhaswa bubuchwephesha malunga nokukhanya kwe-UV, kubandakanya nokuba akunako na ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-coronavirus kunye nokwazi malunga neemveliso zokukhanya kwe-UV (okt izibane, iintambo, njl. .

Kodwa okokuqala, yintoni ukukhanya kwe-UV?

Ukukhanya kwe-UV luhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic ehanjiswa ngamaza okanye amasuntswana kumaza ojikelezo lobude obujikelezayo nobude, enza i-spectrum ye-electromagnetic (EM), utshilo uJim Malley, Ph.D., unjingalwazi wobunjineli kwezoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiYunivesithi yase ENew Hampshire. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwemitha ye-UV? Ilanga, elivelisa iintlobo ezintathu zemitha: UVA, UVB, kunye ne-UVC, ngokwe-FDA. Uninzi lwabantu luqhelekile kwimitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB kuba banetyala lokutshiswa lilanga kunye nomhlaza wolusu. (Eyeleleneyo: Imitha ye-Ultraviolet ibangela ukonakala kolusu-Naxa ungaphakathi)

Imitha ye-UVC, kwelinye icala, ayinakuze ifikelele kumhlaba woMhlaba (i-ozone layer blocks 'em), ngoko ekuphela kwe-UVC ukukhanya kwabantu abavezwe kuyo kukwenziwa, ngokutsho kwe-FDA. Okwangoku, inomdla kakhulu; I-UVC, enobude obufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu kuyo yonke imitha ye-UV, sisibulala-ntsholongwane esaziwayo somoya, amanzi, kunye neendawo ezingenazo iintsholongwane. Ke, xa sithetha nge-UV light disinfection, kugxilwe kwi-UVC, utshilo uMalley. Nasi isizathu: xa kukhutshwa kubude obuthile kunye nexesha elithile, ukukhanya kwe-UVC kunokonakalisa imathiriyeli yemfuza - i-DNA okanye i-RNA - kwiibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, inqanda amandla abo okuphindaphinda kwaye, emva koko, ibangele ukuba imisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo yeselula iphule. Ucacisa uChris Olson, ugqirha wezinto ezincinci kunye nomphathi wenkqubo yoThintelo losuleleko kunye nokuLungiselela okungxamisekileyo kwisibhedlele iUCHealth Highlands Ranch. (Qaphela: Ngelixa imitha ye-UVC evela kwimithombo yokufakelwa nayo inokubangela umngcipheko kubandakanya ukutsha kweliso kunye nolusu-olufana nemitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB- i-FDA iyabambelela ukuba oku kwenzakala "kuhlala kusombululwa kungaphelanga iveki" kwaye nethuba lokuba nomhlaza wolusu " isezantsi kakhulu. ")

Ukuze ukutshatyalaliswa kokukhanya kwe-UV kusebenze, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zilawulwe. Okokuqala, imitha kufuneka ibe kubude obuchanekileyo bentsholongwane ekujoliswe kuyo. Ngelixa oku kuhlala kuxhomekeke kwinto ethile ephilayo, naphina phakathi kwama-200-300 nm kuthathwa ngokuba yi-germicidal) ngokusebenza ngamandla kuma-260 nm, utshilo uMalley. Kwakhona kufuneka babe kwidosi efanelekileyo - amandla e-UV aphindaphindwe ngobungakanani bexesha lokunxibelelana, uyacacisa. "Umthamo ofanelekileyo we-UV ofunekayo ubanzi kakhulu, ukusukela phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-200 mJ / cm2 ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile, izinto ezibulala iintsholongwane, kunye nenqanaba elifunekayo lokubulala iintsholongwane."

Kukwabalulekile ukuba le ndawo ikhululeke kuyo nayiphi na into enokuphazamisa ukukhanya kwe-UVC ukuya kwindawo ekujolise kuyo, utshilo uMalley. "Sibhekisa kwintsholongwane ye-UV njengetekhnoloji yokubona ngokubonakalayo, ke ukuba kukho nantoni na ethintela ukukhanya kwe-UV kubandakanya ubumdaka, amabala, nantoni na ephosa izithunzi emva koko ezo ndawo 'zenziwe mnyama okanye zikhuselweyo' azizukubulawa zintsholongwane."

Ukuba oko kuvakala kunzima, kungenxa yokuba: "Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwi-UV akukho lula; ayisiyiyo isayizi enye ilingana nayo yonke," ugxininisa uMalley. Kwaye sesinye sezizathu zokuba iingcali kunye nophando zingaqinisekanga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zisebenza njani, ukuba konke oko kunokuba ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus. (Jonga kwakhona: Ungaligcina njani ikhaya lakho licocekile kwaye lisempilweni ukuba uzibekele wedwa ngenxa yeCoronavirus)

Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-UV kungasetyenziselwa ukubulala i-COVID-19?

I-UVC inerekhodi yokusebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene ne-SARS-CoV-1 kunye neMERS, ezizizalamane ezisondeleyo ze-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19. Izifundo ezininzi, kubandakanya neengxelo ezikhankanyiweyo yi-FDA, zifumanise ukuba ukukhanya kwe-UVC kunokuba nokusebenza okufanayo ngokuchasene ne-SARS-CoV-2, kodwa uninzi alukhange luphononongwe kakhulu ontanga. Kwaye akukho data ipapashiweyo malunga nobude, idosi, kunye nobude bemitha ye-UVC efunekayo ukuze kungasebenzi intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2, ngokwe-FDA. Oku kuthetha ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba nabani na abe nako ngokusemthethweni - kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo - acebise ukukhanya kwe-UVC njengendlela ethembekileyo yokubulala i-coronavirus.

Oko kwathiwa, izibane ze-UV sele kwaye ziyaqhubeka zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendlela yokubulala inzalo ngaphakathi, umzekelo, inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo. Esinye sezizathu ezinjalo? Uphando lufumanise ukuba imitha ye-UVC inokunciphisa usulelo lwe-superbugs ezinkulu (ezifana ne-staph) ngama-30 ekhulwini. Izibhedlele ezininzi (ukuba azikho ezininzi) zisebenzisa irobhothi ekhupha i-UVC elingana nefriji yegumbi lokulala ukuze icolise amagumbi onke, utsho uChris Barty, ingcali yefiziksi kunye nonjingalwazi obalaseleyo wefiziksi kunye nenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eIrvine. Nje ukuba abantu baphume kwigumbi, isixhobo siqala ukusebenza sikhupha imitha ye-UV, ukuziqhelanisa nobungakanani begumbi kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo (okt izithunzi, iindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo) ukulawula ukukhanya ixesha elide njengoko libona kuyimfuneko. Oku kunokuba yimizuzu emi-4-5 kumagumbi amancinci anjengezindlu zangasese okanye imizuzu eyi-15-25 yegumbi elikhulu, ngokweTru-D, olunye uhlobo lwesixhobo. (I-FWIW, oku kwenziwa ngokubambisana nokucoca ngesandla usebenzisa i-EPA-evunyiweyo yokubulala iintsholongwane.)

Ezinye iindawo zonyango zikwasebenzisa iikhabhathi ze-UVC ezineengcango zokubulala iintsholongwane kwizinto ezincinci ezinje ngee-iPads, iifowuni kunye ne-stethoscopes. Abanye bafake izixhobo ze-UVC kwimibhobho yabo yomoya ukuze babulale iintsholongwane emoyeni, utshilo u-Olson - kwaye, ngenxa yokuba i-COVID-19 isasazeka ikakhulu ngamasuntswana e-aerosol, oku kusetwa kuyavakala. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo zenqanaba lonyango azenzelwanga ukuba zisetyenziswe ngumntu ngamnye; ayisiyiyo kuphela eyabiza ngokungabizi, ibiza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100k, kodwa ikwafuna uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lokusebenza ngokukuko, wongeza uMalley.

Kodwa ukuba uchithe ixesha elaneleyo uphanda i-COVID-19 yezibulala-ntsholongwane, uyazi ukuba kukho izixhobo ze-UV ekhaya kunye ne-gizmos ehlasela imarike ngesantya se-warp okwangoku, zonke ezo zinto zibonakalisa ukuba zinokucoceka kwikhaya lakho. (Idibeneyo: Iimveliso ezi-9 eziPhambili zokuCoca kweNdalo, ngokweeNgcali)

Ngaba kufuneka uthenge iimveliso zokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-UV?

"Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-UV zokukhanya kweentsholongwane esizivavanyileyo saza sazivavanya [ngophando lwethu kwiYunivesithi yaseNew Hampshire] azifikeleli kwinqanaba lokubulala iintsholongwane abathi bazibanga kwizibhengezo zabo, utshilo uMalley. "Uninzi lwazo zinamandla aphantsi, azenzelwanga kakuhle, kwaye zinokuthi zibulale iipesenti ezingama-99.9 zeentsholongwane, kodwa xa sizivavanya zihlala zifumana ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-50 zokubulala iintsholongwane." (Idibeneyo: Iindawo ezili-12 zeentsholongwane ziyakuthanda ukukhula ukuba ufuna ukucoceka i-RN)

U-Barty uyavuma, esithi ezi zixhobo ziyayikhupha i-UVC, kodwa "ayonelanga ukwenza nantoni na ngexesha elifunwayo." Khumbula, ukuze ukukhanya kwe-UV kubulale iintsholongwane ngokwenene, kufuneka kukhanye kangangexesha elithile kunye nobude obuthile-kwaye, xa kufikwa ekubulaleni ngempumelelo i-COVID-19, yomibini le milinganiselo iseyi-TBD, ngokutsho I-FDA.

Ngelixa iingcali zingaqinisekanga ngokusebenza kwezixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane ze-UV ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus, ngakumbi ekusebenziseni ekhaya, akukho nto iphikayo ukuba, isibetho sangaphambi kobhubhane, ukukhanya kwe-UVC kubonisiwe (kwaye kwasetyenziswa) ukubulala ezinye iintsholongwane. Ke, ukuba ufuna ukunika, yithi, isibane se-UV sizame, kunokwenzeka ukuba siyakunceda ukucothisa ukusasazeka kwezinye iintsholongwane ezifihle ekhayeni lakho. Izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni ngaphambi kokuba uthenge:

Imercury nguhayi-hayi. "Izibhedlele zihlala zisebenzisa izibane ezisebenza ngomphunga ngenxa yokuba zinokwenza ukukhanya okukhulu kwe-UVC kwaye zibulale iintsholongwane ngexesha elifutshane," utshilo uBarty. Kodwa, i-ICYDK, imekyuri iyityhefu. Ke, ezi ntlobo zezibane ze-UV zifuna ulumkiso olongezelelweyo ngexesha lokucoca kunye nokulahla, ngokwe-FDA. Ngaphezu koko, izibane ze-mercury zivelisa i-UVA kunye ne-UVB, enokuba yingozi kulusu lwakho. Khangela izixhobo ezingenayo i-mercury, njenge-Casetify ye-UV sanitizer (Yithenge, $120 $100, casetify.com) okanye ezo zibhalwe "excimer-based," oku kuthetha ukuba basebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo (sans-mercury) ukuhambisa ukukhanya kweUV.

Nika ingqalelo kumgama wobude.Ayizizo zonke iimveliso ze-UVC ezenziwe ngokulinganayo- ngakumbi xa kuziwa kumaza obude. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ubude be-UVC bunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesixhobo ekwenzeni intsholongwane ingasebenzi (kwaye ke iyibulale). Inokuba nefuthe kwimpilo nokhuseleko lomngcipheko olunxulunyaniswa nokusebenzisa isixhobo, ikushiye nomceli mngeni wokufumana isixhobo sokukhanya se-UV sokukhanya esinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukubulala iintsholongwane ngaphandle kokubonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wezempilo. Ngoko ke yintoni inombolo yomlingo? Naphi na phakathi kwe-240-280 nm, ngokweZiko loLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC). Oko kuthethwa, uphando lwe-2017 lufumene ukuba i-wavelengths ukusuka kwi-207-222 nm nayo inokusebenza kwaye ikhuselekile (nangona, kungelula ukuza, ngokutsho kweKhomishoni yaMazwe ngaMazwe malunga noKhuseleko lweMisebe ye-non-ionizing). TL; DR - ukuba kukunika uxolo lwengqondo okanye intuthuzelo yokubulala iintsholongwane ezimbalwa kwifowuni yakho, jonga izixhobo ezikhuphayo, ubukhulu becala, 280 nm.

Qwalasela ubuso bakho. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kusebenza kakhulu kwizinto ezinzima, ezingenayo i-porous, ngokwe-FDA. Kwaye ihlala ingasebenzi kumgangatho onamaqhuma okanye imiphetho, njengoko oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukukhanya kwe-UV ukufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo apho intsholongwane inokuhlala khona, ucacisa uBarty. Ke, ukubulala iintsholongwane kwifowuni okanye kwiscreen sedesktop kunokuba nemveliso ngakumbi kunokuthi, ityali yakho. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukubhabha ujikeleze isibane se-UV sokucoca ulwelo (siyithenge, $ 119, amazon.com) ngokungathi sisibane, ukubheja kwakho kukwenza njalo ngaphezulu, umzekelo, i-countertop yakho yekhitshi (cinga: igudile, ayisebenzi , intsholongwane). 

Khetha iimveliso ezivaliweyo. Isixhobo esinjenge-wand esinjenge-UV ayisiyiyo ukubheja kwakho, utshilo uMalley. "Izicubu eziphilayo (abantu, izilwanyana ezifuywayo, izityalo) akufanele zibonakaliswe ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhanya kwe-UVC ngaphandle kokuba kwindawo elawulwa ngononophelo kunye nabaqeqeshi bezonyango abaqeqeshwe kakuhle nabanamava," kuchaza. Kungenxa yokuba imitha ye-UVC inokubangela ukonzakala kwamehlo (njengefotophotokeratitis, iliso elitshiswe lilanga) kunye nezikhumba ziyatsha, ngokwe-FDA. Ke endaweni yoko kuvezwe iimveliso ezikhanyayo njenge-wand okanye isibane, khetha "izixhobo ezivaliweyo" eziza kunye "neempawu zokhuseleko (izitshixo ezizenzekelayo zokuvala, njl. njl.) Ukuphelisa amandla okuveza izicubu eziphilayo ekulahlekeni kokukhanya kwe-UVC," utshilo uMalley. Olunye ukhetho olulungileyo: "Isikhongozeli sefowuni yakho, ngakumbi ukuba [ifowuni yakho] ishiywe apho ixesha elide (ngelixa ulele)," njengeFowuniSoap's Smartphone UV Sanitizer (Thenga yona, $ 80, phonesoap.com).

Sukujonga ekukhanyeni. Kuba ifuthe lexesha elide le-UVC ebantwini lingaziwa, kubalulekile ukuba ulumke kakhulu ngelixa usebenzisa isixhobo. Gwema ukuqhubeka unxibelelana nolusu kunye nokucacisa ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kukhanyiso, njengokuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebe ye-UVC kunokubangela ukonzakala kwamehlo okubuhlungu okanye ukusabela okufana nolusu, ngokwe-FDA. Kodwa, i-ICYMI ngaphambili, izixhobo ze-UV zokubulala iintsholongwane onokuzithenga kwi 'gram okanye kwiAmazon, ngamagama kaMalley, "zinikwe amandla" kwaye ziza neempawu zokucima ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Okwangoku, kungcono ukuba silumke, sicinga ukuba asibazi ngokupheleleyo ubungozi. (Eyeleleneyo: Ngaba ukuKhanya okuBlue ukusuka kwiXesha leSkrini kunokonakalisa ulusu lwakho?)

Okukwintsusa: "Khangela imveliso enencwadana yomsebenzisi elungiswe kakuhle kwaye icaciswe gca, ukucaciswa gca kwento ehanjiswa sisixhobo se-UV yedosi, kunye nobunye ubungqina bokuvavanywa komntu wesithathu ozimeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amabango entsebenzo enziwa yile mveliso," ucebisa uMalley.

Kude kube lukhona uphando kunye neziphumo zekhonkrithi zokukhanya kwe-UVC okunokuthi kubulale i-COVID-19, kuya kuba ngcono ukuba unamathele ekucoceni kwi-reg kunye neemveliso ezivunyiweyo ze-CDC, hlala ukhuthele ekuhlukaneni kwezentlalo, kwaye, nceda unxibe 👏🏻that 👏 🏻 imaski 👏🏻.

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