Utyando lwamehlo lweLASIK

I-LASIK ngotyando lwamehlo oluguqula ngokusisigxina ubume be-cornea (isigubungelo esicacileyo ngaphambili kwamehlo). Kuyenziwa ukuphucula umbono kunye nokunciphisa isidingo somntu seiglasi okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano.

Ngombono ocacileyo, i-cornea yamehlo kunye neelensi kufuneka zigobe (zikhanyise) imitha yokukhanya ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuvumela imifanekiso ukuba ijolise kwi-retina. Ngaphandle koko, imifanekiso iya kufiphala.

Oku kufiphala kubhekiswa kuko njenge "mpazamo ekhanyayo." Kubangelwa ukungafani phakathi kobume be-cornea (i-curvature) kunye nobude bamehlo.

I-LASIK isebenzisa i-laser ye-excimer (i-laser ye-ultraviolet) ukususa umaleko omncinci wamathambo e-corneal. Oku kunika i-cornea imilo entsha ukuze imitha yokukhanya ijolise ngokucacileyo kwi-retina. I-LASIK ibangela ukuba i-cornea ibe yincinci.

I-LASIK yinkqubo yotyando lwangaphandle. Kuya kuthatha imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 ukwenza iliso ngalinye.

Ekuphela kwento yokubulala iintlungu esetyenzisiweyo ngamaconsi wamehlo anqabisa umphezulu wamehlo. Inkqubo yenziwa xa uvukile, kodwa uya kufumana amayeza anokukunceda uphumle. I-LASIK inokwenziwa kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo ngexesha leseshoni enye.

Ukwenza inkqubo, i-flap ye-corneal tissue iyenziwe. Le flap ke iyaxobulwa umva ukuze i-excimer laser iphinde ibumbe kwakhona izicubu ze-corneal phantsi. Ihenjisi kwi-flap ithintela ukuba yahlukane ngokupheleleyo ne-cornea.

Xa i-LASIK yayiqala ukwenziwa, imela ekhethekileyo ezenzekelayo (i-microkeratome) yayisetyenziselwa ukusika i-flap. Ngoku, indlela eqhelekileyo nekhuselekileyo kukusebenzisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwelaser (femtosecond) ukwenza i-corneal flap.

Inani lezihlunu ze-corneal eziya kususwa yi-laser libalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ugqirha uya kubala oku ngokusekwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya:

• Iiglasi zakho okanye amayeza eelensi zonxibelelwano
• Uvavanyo lwendawo engqonge umda, olinganisa ukukhanya kuhamba ngamehlo akho
• Ubume bomphezulu womhlaba wakho

Nje ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwenziwe, ugqirha uthatha indawo kwaye akhusele i-flap. Akukho mthungo uyafuneka. I-cornea iya kubamba i-flap endaweni.

I-LASIK ihlala isenziwa kubantu abasebenzisa iiglasi okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano ngenxa yokubona kwangaphambili (myopia). Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukubona kude. Inokulungisa kwakhona i-astigmatism.

I-FDA kunye neAmerican Academy yeOphthalmology iphuhlise izikhokelo zokumisela abagqatswa beLASIK.

• Kufuneka ubeneminyaka eli-18 ubuncinci ubuncinci (i-21 kwezinye iimeko, kuxhomekeke kwilaser esetyenzisiweyo). Kungenxa yokuba umbono unokuqhubeka nokutshintsha kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18. Okungaqhelekanga ngumntwana oneliso elikufutshane kakhulu kunye neliso elinye eliqhelekileyo. Sebenzisa i-LASIK ukulungisa iliso elikufutshane kakhulu kunokuthintela i-amblyopia (iliso elonqenayo).
• Amehlo akho kufuneka aphile kwaye amayeza akho azinzile. Ukuba ujonge kufutshane, kuya kufuneka uhlehlise i-LASIK de imeko yakho izinze. Ukubona kude kunokuqhubeka ukwanda kwabanye abantu kude kube phakathi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20s.
• Umyalelo wakho kufuneka ube ngaphakathi kwoluhlu olunokulungiswa nge-LASIK.
• Kuya kufuneka ube usempilweni ngokubanzi. I-LASIK ayinakucetyiswa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus, i-glaucoma, i-herpes izifo zeso, okanye i-cataract. Kuya kufuneka uxoxe ngale nto nogqirha wakho.

Ezinye iingcebiso:

• Hlolisisa iingozi kunye nemivuzo. Ukuba wonwabile ukunxiba iilensi zonxibelelwano okanye iiglasi, usenokungafuni ukwenza utyando.
• Qiniseka ukuba unolindelo olusengqiqweni kutyando.

Kubantu abane-presbyopia, i-LASIK ayinakulungisa umbono ukuze iliso elinye libone kumgama nakufuphi. Nangona kunjalo, i-LASIK inokwenziwa ukuvumela iliso elinye libone kufutshane nelinye kude. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "monovision." Ukuba unokuziqhelanisa nolungiso, inokuphelisa okanye inciphise isidingo sakho sokufunda iiglasi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka kwenziwe utyando kwiliso elinye kuphela. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba ungumgqatswa, buza malunga nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Akufanele ube nale nkqubo ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa, kuba ezi meko zinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo yamehlo.

Akufanele ube nale nkqubo ukuba uthatha amayeza athile amiselweyo, anje ngeAccutane, iCardarone, iImitrex, okanye i-oral prednisone.

Iingozi zinokubandakanya:

• Usulelo lwe-Corneal
• Ukunqongophala kwe-Corneal okanye iingxaki ezisisigxina ngemilo ye-cornea, isenza ukuba kungabikho ndlela yokunxiba iilensi zonxibelelwano
• Ukuncipha kokungafaniyo kobuntununtunu, nkqu nangombono wama-20/20, izinto zinokubonakala zingenangqondo okanye zingwevu
• Amehlo omileyo
• Ilitha okanye iihalos
• Ukuziva ukukhanya
• Iingxaki zokuqhuba ebusuku
• Iipatches ezibomvu okanye ezipinki kumhlophe wamehlo (zihlala zethutyana)
• Ukunciphisa umbono okanye ukulahleka kombono ngokusisigxina
• Ukukrwela

Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo luya kwenziwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuqinisekisa ukuba amehlo akho asempilweni. Olunye uvavanyo luya kwenziwa ukulinganisa ukugobeka kwe-cornea, ubungakanani babafundi ekukhanyeni nasebumnyameni, impazamo yamehlo yokuphikisa, kunye nobukhulu be-cornea (ukuqinisekisa ukuba uya kuba nezicwili ezoneleyo ezishiyekileyo emva kotyando).

Uya kutyikitya ifom yemvume ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Le fomu iqinisekisa ukuba uyabazi ubungozi benkqubo, izibonelelo, ezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo, kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho.

Ukulandela utyando:

• Unokuba nokutsha, ukurhawuzelela, okanye uziva ukuba kukho into esweni. Olu luvo aluhlali ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-6 kwiimeko ezininzi.
• Ikhaka lamehlo okanye isiziba siya kubekwa phezu kweliso ukukhusela i-flap. Kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukurabha okanye uxinzelelo esweni de libe nexesha elaneleyo lokuphilisa (ngesiqhelo ubusuku bonke).
• Kubaluleke kakhulu HAYI ukuba uhlikihle iliso emva kweLASIK, ukuze i-flap ingashiyi okanye ihambe. Kwiiyure ezi-6 zokuqala, gcina iliso livaliwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Ugqirha unokuyalela ukuba uthomalalise iintlungu.
• Umbono uhlala ufiphala okanye ungacacanga ngosuku lotyando, kodwa ukufiphala kuya kuphucula ngemini elandelayo.

Tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko ukuba unentlungu okanye naziphi na iimpawu ziba mandundu ngaphambi kokuqeshwa kwakho okucwangcisiweyo (iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kotyando).

Kutyelelo lokuqala emva kotyando, ikhaka lamehlo liya kususwa kwaye ugqirha uza kuvavanya iliso lakho aze avavanye umbono wakho. Uya kufumana amathontsi wamehlo ukunceda ukuthintela usulelo kunye nokudumba.

Ungaqhubeli kude kube umbono wakho uphuculwe ngokwaneleyo ukuba wenze njalo ngokukhuselekileyo. Ezinye izinto onokuthi uziphephe zibandakanya:

• Ukuqubha
• Iibhafu ezishushu kunye nemimoya evuthuzayo
• Nxibelelana nemidlalo
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-lotions, i-creams, kunye nokwenza i-eye kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kotyando

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kukunika imiyalelo ethile.

Umbono wabantu abaninzi uya kuzinza kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kotyando, kodwa kwabanye abantu, kungathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.

Inani elincinci labantu linokufuna olunye utyando kuba umbono ungaphezulu okanye ulungiswe kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuya kufuneka unxibe iilensi zonxibelelwano okanye iiglasi.

Abanye abantu badinga utyando lwesibini ukuze bafumane ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo. Nangona utyando lwesibini lunokuphucula umbono omgama, alunakukhupha ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngokuqaqambisa ilitha, iihalos, okanye iingxaki zokuqhuba ebusuku. Ezi zizikhalazo eziqhelekileyo kulandela utyando lwe-LASIK, ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa indlela endala. Ezi ngxaki ziya kuhamba kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kotyando kwiimeko ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, inani elincinci labantu linokuqhubeka nokuba neengxaki kwilitha.

Ukuba umbono wakho womgama ulungisiwe nge-LASIK, kunokwenzeka ukuba usaya kudinga ukufunda iiglasi kwiminyaka eyi-45.

I-LASIK iqhele ukwenziwa e-United States ukusukela ngo-1996. Uninzi lwabantu lubonakala luzinzile kwaye luhlala luhleli luphucula umbono.

I-Laser-incedisiwe kwi-Situ Keratomileusis; Ukulungiswa kombono weLaser; Ukubona ngaphambili - uLasik; Imyopiya-Lasik

• Utyando lwe-corneal refractive-discharge
• Utyando lwe-corneal refractive - yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• Utyando lweliso lweLasik - uthotho

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UFragoso VV, uAlio JL. Ukulungiswa kotyando lwe-presbyopia. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 3.10.

Ingxaki LE. Inkqubo yeLASIK. Ku: Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, ii-eds. ICornea. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 166.

ISierra PB, i-Hardten DR. LASIK. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 3.4.