Unyango lwe-Gene: yintoni, kwenziwa njani kwaye kunganyangwa njani

Umxholo

• Kwenziwa njani
• Inkqubo yeCRISPR
• Inkqubo yeT-Cell T-Cell
• Izifo ezinokunyangwa ngofuzo
• Unyango lwe-Gene ngokuchasene nomhlaza

Unyango lwe-Gene, ekwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lwenzala okanye ukuhlelwa kwemfuza, lunyango olunezinto ezintsha ezinokuthi zibe luncedo kunyango nasekuthinteleni izifo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinjengezifo zemfuza kunye nomhlaza, ngokuguqula iintlobo ezithile.

Imfuza inokuchazwa njengeyunithi esisiseko yofuzo kwaye yenziwe ngolandelelwano oluthile lwee-acid ze-nucleic, oko kukuthi, iDNA kunye neRNA, kwaye inolwazi olunxulumene neempawu zomntu kunye nempilo. Ke, olu hlobo lonyango lubandakanya utshintsho kwi-DNA yeeseli ezichaphazelekayo sesi sifo kunye nokwenza ukuba umzimba ukhuseleke ukuze uqaphele izihlunu ezonakalisiweyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukupheliswa.

Izifo ezinokunyangwa ngale ndlela zezi zibandakanya utshintsho oluthile kwi-DNA, njengomhlaza, izifo ezizimele, isifo seswekile, i-cystic fibrosis, phakathi kwezinye izifo eziguqulwayo okanye izifo zemfuza, nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi zisesigaba sokukhula iimvavanyo.

Kwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-Gene luqukethe ukusebenzisa iijini endaweni yamachiza ukunyanga izifo. Yenziwa ngokutshintsha izinto zemvelo zethishu eyonakaliswe sesi sifo yenye into eqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, unyango lwemfuza lwenziwe kusetyenziswa ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha, inkqubo yeCRISPR kunye nobuchwephesha beCar T-Cell:

Inkqubo yeCRISPR

Inkqubo yeCRISPR iquka ukutshintsha imimandla ethile ye-DNA enokuthi ihambelane nezifo. Ke, obu buchule buvumela ukuba ufuzo lutshintshwe kwiindawo ezithile, ngendlela echanekileyo, ekhawulezayo kwaye engabizi kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, obu buchule bunokwenziwa ngamanyathelo ambalwa:

• Imfuza ethile, enokubizwa ngokuba yimfuza ekujoliswe kuyo okanye ulandelelwano, ichongiwe;
• Emva kokuchongwa, izazinzulu zenza "isikhokelo se-RNA" ukulandelelana okuhambelana nommandla ekujoliswe kuwo;
• Le RNA ibekwe kwiseli kunye ne-Cas 9 protein, esebenza ngokusika ukulandelelana kwe-DNA ekujoliswe kuyo;
• Emva koko, ulandelelwano olutsha lwe-DNA lufakwa kulandelelwano lwangaphambili.

Uninzi lotshintsho lwemfuza lubandakanya imfuza ebekwe kwiiseli ze-somatic, oko kukuthi, iiseli eziqukethe izinto zemvelo ezingadluliswanga ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, ukunciphisa umda kulo mntu nje. Nangona kunjalo, uphando kunye novavanyo luye lwavela apho inkqubo yeCRISPR yenziwa kwiiseli zentsholongwane, oko kukuthi, kwiqanda okanye kwisidoda, ezivelise uthotho lwemibuzo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwendlela kunye nokhuseleko lwayo kuphuhliso lomntu. .

Iziphumo zexesha elide zendlela kunye nokuhlelwa kohlobo azikaziwa. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ekubeni ukukhohliswa kwemfuza yomntu kunokwenza ukuba umntu abe sengozini enkulu yokuvela ngamabona-ndenzile, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni amajoni omzimba asebenze kakhulu okanye avele izifo ezinobuzaza.

Ukongeza kwingxoxo malunga nokuhlelwa kwemfuza ukujikeleza ukubakho kokutshintsha okuzenzekelayo kunye nokusasazeka kwenguqu kwizizukulwana ezizayo, umba wokuziphatha wenkqubo sele uxoxiwe ngokubanzi, kuba obu buchule bunokusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha usana iimpawu, ezinje ngombala wamehlo, ukuphakama, umbala weenwele, njl.

Inkqubo yeT-Cell T-Cell

Inkqubo yeCar T-Cell sele isetyenzisiwe eUnited States, eYurophu, China naseJapan kwaye sele isetyenzisiwe eBrazil ukunyanga i-lymphoma. Obu buchule buquka ukuguqula amajoni omzimba ukuze iiseli zethumba zibonwe ngokulula kwaye zisuswe emzimbeni.

Ngenxa yoku, iiseli zokhuselo ze-T zomntu ziyasuswa kwaye izinto zazo zemfuzo zenziwa ngokudibanisa uhlobo lwe-CAR kwiiseli, ezaziwa njenge-chimeric antigen receptor. Emva kokudibanisa ufuzo, inani leeseli liyonyuswa kwaye ukusuka kumzuzu wokuba inani elaneleyo leeseli liqinisekiswe kunye nobukho bezinto ezilungelelanisiweyo zokuqonda ithumba, kukho ukwenziwa kokuwohloka kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, emva koko, inaliti Iiseli zokhuselo eziguqulwe ngohlobo lweCAR.

Ke, kukho ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, eqala ukuqaphela iiseli zethumba ngokulula ngakumbi kwaye iyakwazi ukuphelisa ezi seli ngokufanelekileyo.

Izifo ezinokunyangwa ngofuzo

Unyango lwe-Gene luthembisa ukunyanga nasiphi na isifo semfuza, nangona kunjalo, kuphela kwezinye ezinokuthi zenziwe okanye zikwinqanaba lovavanyo. Ukuhlelwa kwemfuza kuye kwafundwa ngenjongo yokunyanga izifo zemvelo, ezinje ngecystic fibrosis, ukungaboni ngamehlo, ihemophilia kunye nearomy cell anemia, umzekelo, kodwa ikwaqwalaselwe njengesixhobo esinokukhuthaza ukuthintela izifo ezinobuzaza kakhulu nezintsokothileyo. , umzekelo umhlaza, isifo sentliziyo kunye nosulelo lwe-HIV, umzekelo.

Ngaphandle kokufundelwa ngakumbi unyango kunye nothintelo lwezifo, ukuhlelwa kwemfuza kungasetyenziswa nakwizityalo, ukuze zikwazi ukunyamezelana notshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokumelana kakhulu nezidleleli kunye nokubulala izitshabalalisi, nasekutyeni ngenjongo yokuba nesondlo ngakumbi .

Unyango lwe-Gene ngokuchasene nomhlaza

Unyango lwe-Gene kunyango lomhlaza sele lwenziwe kwamanye amazwe kwaye luboniswa ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezithile ze-leukemias, i-lymphomas, i-melanomas okanye i-sarcomas, umzekelo. Olu hlobo lonyango lubandakanya ikakhulu ukwenza iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba ukuba ziqaphele iiseli zethumba kwaye zizisuse, oko kwenziwa ngokujova izicubu eziguqulwe ngokwemfuzo okanye intsholongwane emzimbeni wesigulana.

Kukholelwa ukuba, kwixa elizayo, unyango lwenzala luza kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye lubuyise unyango lwangoku lomhlaza, nangona kunjalo, njengoko kusabiza kakhulu kwaye kufuna iteknoloji ephezulu, kukhethwa kuboniswe kwiimeko ezingaphenduliyo kunyango nge-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy kunye utyando.