Ukufakwa kweCochlear

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear sisixhobo esincinci se-elektroniki esinceda abantu ukuba beve. Ingasetyenziselwa abantu abazizithulu okanye abanzima kakhulu ukuva.

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear ayisiyonto ifanayo noncedo lokuva. Ifakelwe kusetyenziswa utyando, kwaye isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa kwe-cochlear. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zenziwe ngamacandelo aliqela afanayo.

• Inxalenye yesixhobo sigqityiwe kufakelwa ithambo elijikeleze indlebe (ithambo lexeshana). Yenziwe nge-receiver-stimulator, eyamkela, idibanise, kwaye ithumele umqondiso wombane kwingqondo.
• Inxalenye yesibini yokufakwa kwe-cochlear sisixhobo esingaphandle. Oku kwenziwa ngemakrofoni / isamkeli, iprosesa yentetho, kunye ne-eriyali. Le nxalenye yokufakelwa ifumana isandi, iguqula isandi sibe ngumqondiso wombane, kwaye siyithumele kwinxalenye yangaphakathi yokufakwa kwe-cochlear.

NGUBANI OSEBENZISA INTO EBANJELWEYO?

Ukufakwa kweCochlear kuvumela abantu abazizithulu ukuba bafumane kwaye baqhubekise izandi nentetho. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo azibuyisi ukuva okuqhelekileyo. Zizixhobo ezivumela ukuba isandi nentetho zenziwe kwaye zithunyelwe kwingqondo.

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear akulunganga kuye wonke umntu. Indlela umntu akhethwe ngayo kwi-cochlear implants iyatshintsha njengoko ukuqonda kweendlela zengqondo (zokuva) kuphucula kunye netekhnoloji itshintsha.

Bobabini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala banokuba ngabaviwa be-cochlear implants. Abantu abagqityiweyo kwesi sixhobo banokuba bazalwe bengeva okanye baba zizithulu emva kokufunda ukuthetha. Abantwana abancinci njengonyaka omnye ubudala ngoku bangabagqatswa kolu tyando. Nangona iikhrayitheriya zahluke kancinane kubantu abadala nabantwana, zisekwe kwizikhokelo ezifanayo:

• Umntu kufuneka abe sisithulu ngokupheleleyo okanye phantse abe sisithulu kwiindlebe zombini, kwaye afumane phantse kungabikho nophuculo ngezixhobo zokuva. Nabani na onokuthi eve kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ngezixhobo zokuva akangomgqatswa olungileyo wokufakwa kwe-cochlear.
• Umntu ufuna ukukhuthazeka kakhulu. Emva kokubekwa kwe-cochlear, kufuneka bafunde ukusebenzisa isixhobo ngokufanelekileyo.
• Umntu kufuneka abe nolindelo olusengqiqweni kwinto eza kwenzeka emva kotyando. Isixhobo asibuyisi okanye senze ukuva "kwesiqhelo".
• Abantwana kufuneka babhalise kwiinkqubo ezibanceda bafunde ukuqhubekeka nesandi.
• Ukuchonga ukuba ngaba umntu ungumgqatswa wofakelo lwe-cochlear, umntu kufuneka ahlolwe ngendlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ENT) ugqirha (otolaryngologist). Abantu baya kufuna iintlobo ezithile zovavanyo lokuva olwenziwe ngoncedo lwabo lokuva.
• Oku kunokubandakanya ukuskena kwe-CT okanye ukuskena kwe-MRI kwengqondo kunye nendlebe ephakathi naphakathi
• Abantu (ngakumbi abantwana) banokufuna ukuvavanywa ngugqirha wezengqondo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba bangabagqatswa abafanelekileyo na.

INGABA ISEBENZA KANJANI

Izandi zidluliselwa emoyeni.Kwindlebe eqhelekileyo, amaza esandi abangela indlebe kwaye amathambo endlebe aphakathi ashukume. Oku kuthumela amaza ombane kwindlebe yangaphakathi (cochlea). La maza ke ajika aguqulwe yi-cochlea ibe ziimpawu zombane, ezithunyelwa kwimithambo-luvo kuva kwingqondo.

Umntu ongevayo akanangqondo esebenza ngaphakathi. Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kuzama ukubuyisela umsebenzi wendlebe yangaphakathi ngokuguqula isandi sibe ngamandla ombane. La mandla ke anokusetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza i-cochlear nerve (imithambo-luvo yokuva), ukuthumela imiyalezo "yesandi" kwingqondo.

• Isandi sithathwa yimakrofoni enxitywe kufutshane nendlebe. Esi sandi sithunyelwa kumqhubekekisi wentetho, odla ngokuqhagamshelwa kwimakrofoni kwaye unxibe emva kwendlebe.
• Isandi sihlalutywa siguqulwe sibe ziimpawu zombane, ezithunyelwa kumamkeli ofakwe ngotyando emva kwendlebe. Lo mamkeli uthumela umqondiso ngocingo kwindlebe yangaphakathi.
• Ukusuka apho, iimpembelelo zombane zithunyelwa kwingqondo.

INDLELA EBANJWA NGAYO

Ukwenza utyando:

• Uya kufumana i-anesthesia ngokubanzi ukuze ulale kwaye ungabinazintlungu.
• Ukusikwa kotyando kwenziwa emva kwendlebe, ngamanye amaxesha emva kokucheba inwele emva kwendlebe.
• Kusetyenziswa imicroscope kunye ne-drill yokuvula ithambo emva kwendlebe (ithambo le-mastoid) ukuvumela ukuba ngaphakathi kufakelwe.
• Uluhlu lwe-electrode ludluliselwa kwindlebe yangaphakathi (cochlea).
• Umamkeli ubekwa epokothweni eyenziweyo emva kwendlebe. Ipokotho iyanceda ukuyigcina ikwindawo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba isondele ngokwaneleyo kulusu ukuvumela ulwazi lombane ukuba luthunyelwe lusuka kwisixhobo. Umthombo unokwehliswa kwithambo emva kwendlebe ukuze ukufakelwa kungafane kwenzeke ukuba kushukume phantsi kolusu.

Emva kotyando:

• Kuya kubakho imithungo emva kwendlebe.
• Unokwazi ukuziva umamkeli njengeqhubu emva kwendlebe.
• Naziphi na iinwele ezichetyiweyo kufuneka zikhule kwakhona.
• Inxalenye yangaphandle yesixhobo iya kubekwa kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kotyando ukunika ithuba lokuvula.

IINGOZI ZOKUGQIBELA

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear lutyando olukhuselekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, lonke utyando lubeka umngcipheko othile. Iingozi azixhaphakanga ngoku ekubeni utyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci, kodwa kunokubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zokuphilisa amanxeba
• Ukonakala kwesikhumba ngaphezulu kwesixhobo esimiselweyo
• Usulelo kufutshane nendawo yokufakelwa

Iingxaki ezincinci eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukonakala kwimbilini ehambisa ubuso kwicala lotyando
• Ukuvuza kolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Usulelo lomkhuhlane ojikeleze ingqondo (meningitis)
• Uxinzelelo lwethutyana (i-vertigo)
• Ukusilela kwesixhobo ukusebenza
• Incasa engaqhelekanga

UKUCHAPHAZELA EMVA KOKUGQIBELA

Unokungeniswa esibhedlele ubusuku bonke ukuba ubonwe. Nangona kunjalo, izibhedlele ezininzi ngoku zivumela abantu ukuba baye emakhaya ngosuku lotyando. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukunika amayeza entlungu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-antibiotics ukuthintela usulelo. Uninzi lotyando lubeka ilokhwe enkulu kwindlebe eyenziweyo. Ukunxiba kususwa kusuku olulandelayo emva kotyando.

Kwiveki okanye nangaphezulu emva kotyando, inxenye engaphandle yokufakwa kwe-cochlear ikhuselekile kwi-receiver-stimuli ebifakwe emva kwendlebe. Okwangoku, uya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa isixhobo.

Nje ukuba indawo yotyando iphiliswe kakuhle, kwaye ukufakelwa kuqhotyoshelwe kwiprosesa yangaphandle, uya kuqala ukusebenza neengcali ukuze zifunde "ukuva" nokwenza inkqubo yesandi usebenzisa ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear. Ezi ngcali zinokubandakanya:

• Iingcali zeAudiologists
• Abanyangi bokuthetha
• Indlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala oogqirha (ii-otolaryngologists)

Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenkqubo. Kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye neqela lakho leengcali ukuze ufumane elona thuba lokufumana.

KHANGELA

Iziphumo ezine-cochlear implants ziyahluka kakhulu. Uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke:

• Imeko yemithambo-luvo yokuva ngaphambi kotyando
• Amandla akho engqondo
• Isixhobo esisetyenziswayo
• Ubude bexesha wawungeva
• Utyando

Abanye abantu banokufunda ukunxibelelana ngomnxeba. Abanye banokuqonda kuphela isandi. Ukufumana iziphumo eziphezulu kunokuthatha ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela, kwaye kufuneka ukhuthazwe. Abantu abaninzi babhalise kwiinkqubo zokuvuselela nokuthetha.

UKUHLALA NOKUTYALA

Nje ukuba uphilise, zimbalwa izithintelo. Uninzi lwemisebenzi luvumelekile. Nangona kunjalo, umboneleli wakho unokukuxelela ukuba uphephe imidlalo yokunxibelelana ukunciphisa amathuba okonzakala kwisixhobo esimiselweyo.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-cochlear implants abanakufumana i-MRI scans, kuba ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngentsimbi.

Ukuva ilahleko-ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear; Ubunono-cochlear; Izithulu - zicoce; Izithulu - cochlear

• I-anatomy yendlebe
• Ukufakwa kweCochlear

UMcJunkin JL, uBuchman C. Cochlear ukumiliselwa kubantu abadala. Ku: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, ii-eds. Umsebenzi weNtloko yeOtolaryngology kunye nokuhlinzwa kotyando. Ngomhla wesi-3. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 137.

INaples JG, uRuckenstein MJ. Ukufakwa kweCochlear. Iklinikhi yaseOtolaryngol eMantla Am. 2020; 53 (1): 87-102 PMID: 31677740 ipapashwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31677740/.

IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo kunye noKhathalelo oluGqwesileyo (i-NICE). Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abanesithulu esinzulu. Isikhokelo sokuvavanywa kwetekhnoloji. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta566. Ipapashwe ngoMatshi 7, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 23, 2020.

URoland JL, uRay WZ, uLeuthardt EC. Neuroprosthetics. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ugqirha we-Youmans kunye no-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 109.

UVohr B. Ukuphulukana nokuva kusana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ku: UMartin RJ, uFanaroff AA, uWalsh MC, ii-eds. UFanaroff kunye noMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 59.