Umhlaza weParathyroid

Umhlaza weparathyroid ngumhlaza (onobungozi) wokukhula kwi-parathyroid gland.

Amadlala e-parathyroid alawula inqanaba le-calcium emzimbeni. Kukho amadlala angama-4 e-parathyroid, 2 ngaphezulu kwelebhile nganye yedlala lengqula, ebekwe emazantsi entamo.

Umhlaza weparathyroid luhlobo olunqabileyo kakhulu lomhlaza. Ichaphazela amadoda nabasetyhini ngokulinganayo. Umhlaza uhlala uvela kubantu abadala kunama-30.

Unobangela womhlaza weparathyroid awaziwa. Abantu abaneemeko zemfuza ezibizwa ngokuba ziindidi ezininzi ze-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo I kunye ne-hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome banomngcipheko ophezulu kwesi sifo. Abantu abaneentloko zentloko okanye zentamo banokubakho emngciphekweni omkhulu. Kodwa olu hlobo lwemitha lunokubangela umhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Iimpawu zomhlaza weparathyroid zibangelwa ikakhulu yinqanaba eliphezulu lecalcium egazini (hypercalcemia), kwaye inokuchaphazela amalungu omzimba ahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Intlungu yethambo
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuqhekeka
• Ukunxanwa rhoqo
• Ukuchama rhoqo
• Amatye eentso
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukutya okungafanelekanga

Umhlaza weparathyroid kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa isifo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga nembali yakho yonyango.

Malunga nesiqingatha sexesha, umboneleli ufumana umhlaza weparathyroid ngokuziva intamo ngezandla (ukubetha).

Ithumba elinomhlaza parathyroid lithanda ukuvelisa isixa esiphakamileyo sehomoni yeparathyroid (PTH). Uvavanyo lwale hormone lunokubandakanya:

• I-calcium yegazi
• Igazi PTH

Ngaphambi kotyando, uya kuba novavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-radioactive ye-parathyroid glands. Iskena sibizwa ngokuba yi-sestamibi scan. Unokuba nentamo ye-ultrasound. Ezi mvavanyo zenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi na indlala yeparathyroid engaqhelekanga.

Olu nyango lulandelayo lunokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-hypercalcemia ngenxa yomhlaza weparathyroid:

• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV fluid)
• Ihomoni yendalo ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcitonin enceda ukulawula inqanaba le-calcium
• Iziyobisi eziyekisa ukonakala kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamathambo emzimbeni

Utyando lunyango olucetyiswayo lomhlaza weparathyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ithumba eliyi-parathyroid linomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ngaphandle kokuchonga isifo. Utyando olungenayo kancinci, kusetyenziswa ukusikeka okuncinci, kuya kusiba yinto eqhelekileyo kwisifo separathyroid.

Ukuba iimvavanyo ngaphambi kotyando zinokufumana i-gland echaphazelekayo, utyando lunokwenziwa kwelinye icala lentamo. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana ingxaki ye-gland ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ugqirha uya kujonga kumacala omabini entamo yakho.

I-Chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation azisebenzi kakuhle ukuthintela umhlaza ekubuyeni. Imitha inokunceda ukunciphisa ukusasazeka komhlaza emathanjeni.

Ukuphinda utyando lomhlaza obuyileyo kunokunceda:

• Ukuphucula izinga lokusinda
• Ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi ye-hypercalcemia

Umhlaza weParathyroid uyakhula kancinci. Ugqirha lunokunceda ukwandisa ubomi nokuba umhlaza usasazeka.

Umhlaza usenokusasazeka (imetastasize) kwezinye iindawo emzimbeni, ngokufuthi imiphunga namathambo.

IHypercalcemia yeyona ngxaki inzima. Uninzi lokusweleka komhlaza weparathyroid lwenzeka ngenxa yehypercalcemia enzima, kunzima ukuyilawula, hayi umhlaza ngokwawo.

Umhlaza uhlala ubuya (ubuyela kwakhona). Olunye utyando olunokufuneka. Iingxaki ezivela kotyando zingabandakanya:

• Ukuduma okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi ngenxa yomonakalo kwimithambo-luvo elawula iintambo zezwi
• Usulelo kwindawo yotyando
• Inqanaba eliphantsi le-calcium egazini (i-hypocalcemia), imeko enokusongela ubomi
• Ukuqhekeka

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba uziva unentamo entanyeni yakho okanye uva iimpawu zehypercalcemia.

I-Parathyroid carcinoma

• Izibilini zeParathyroid

UAsban A, uPatel AJ, uReddy S, uWang T, uBalentine CJ, uKen H. Umhlaza wenkqubo ye-endocrine. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 68.

I-CDM kaFletcher. Ukudumba kwamadlala endlala lengqula. Ku: Fletcher CDM, ed. I-Diagnostic Histopathology yeeThumba. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 18.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza weParathyroid (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/hp/parathyroid-unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 17, 2017. Kufikeleleke ngoFebruwari 11, 2020.

I-Torresan F kunye ne-J Iacobone M. Iimpawu zeklinikhi, unyango kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwe-hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: Ukuhlaziywa kwangoku kunye nokuphononongwa koncwadi. I-Int J Endocrinol 2019. Ipapashwe kwi-Intanethi ngo-Dec 18, 2019. www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2019/1761030/.