I-myxoma yegazi

I-myxoma ye-atrial sisisu esingenamhlaza kwicala lasekhohlo okanye kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo. Ihlala ikhula eludongeni olwahlula amacala amabini entliziyo. Olu donga lubizwa ngokuba yi-atrial septum.

I-myxoma yintliziyo ephambili (intliziyo) ithumba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ithumba laqala ngaphakathi entliziyweni. Uninzi lwentliziyo yamathumba iqala kwenye indawo.

Izidumbu zentliziyo yokuqala ezinje ngemyxomas zinqabile. Malunga ne-75% ye-myxomas yenzeka kwi-atrium yasekhohlo yentliziyo. Bahlala beqala eludongeni olwahlula amagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo. Ziyakwenzeka nakwezinye iisayithi zentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-myxomas ye-Atrial inxulunyaniswa ne-valve yokuthintela i-stenosis kunye ne-atrial fibrillation.

I-Myxomas ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi. Malunga ne-1 kwi-myxomas ezili-10 zidluliselwa kwiintsapho (ezizuzwe njengelifa). Ezi tumors zibizwa ngokuba zii-myxomas zosapho. Zivame ukwenzeka ngaphezulu kwenxalenye enye yentliziyo ngexesha, kwaye zihlala zibangela iimpawu zisencinci.

Uninzi lwe-myxomas aluyi kubangela iimpawu. Oku kuhlala kufunyanwa xa kufundwa ngemifanekiso (i-echocardiogram, i-MRI, i-CT) yenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

Iimpawu zinokwenzeka nanini na, kodwa zihlala zihamba notshintsho kwimeko yomzimba.

Iimpawu ze-myxoma zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima xa ulele phantsi okanye kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima xa ulele
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuqina
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukufa isiqaqa
• Imvakalelo yokuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nomsebenzi
• Iimpawu ezibangelwa kukudityaniswa kwezinto zethumba
  

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-myxomas ye-atrial yasekhohlo zihlala zilingisa i-mitral stenosis (ukunciphisa i-valve phakathi kwe-atrium yasekhohlo kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo). I-myxomas elungileyo ye-atrial kunqabile ukuba ivelise iimpawu de ikhule ibe nkulu kakhulu (i-intshi ezintlanu ububanzi, okanye i-13 cm).

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakumbi kwiminwe (iRaynaud phenomenon)
• Khohlela
• Ukugoba kweenzipho kuhamba kunye nokudumba kwezicubu ezithambileyo (iklubbing) yeminwe
• Ifiva
• Iminwe etshintsha umbala kuxinzelelo okanye kubanda okanye uxinzelelo
• Ukuphazamiseka ngokubanzi (ukuqaqamba)
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Ukudumba kulo naliphi na ilungu lomzimba
• Ukwehla kobunzima ngaphandle kokuzama

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye umamele intliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Intliziyo engaqhelekanga izandi okanye ukumbombozela kunokuvakala. Ezi zandi zinokutshintsha xa utshintsha indawo omi kuyo.

Ukujonga iimvavanyo kunokubandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifuba kwe-CT
• ECG
• Echocardiogram
• Isifundo sedoppler
• I-MRI yentliziyo
• I-angiography yentliziyo yasekhohlo
• I-angiography yentliziyo elungileyo

Unokufuna uvavanyo lwegazi kubandakanya:

• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC) -inokubonisa i-anemia kunye nokwanda kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• Izinga le-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte (ESR) -inokunyuswa

Utyando luyafuneka ukususa ithumba, ngakumbi ukuba ibangela ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo okanye ukubola.

Ukunganyangwa, i-myxoma inokukhokelela kwi-embolism (iiseli zesisu okanye iqhekeza eliqhekezayo lihambe egazini). Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvaleni kokuhamba kwegazi. Iziqwenga zethumba zinokuya kwingqondo, iliso, okanye imilenze.

Ukuba ithumba likhula ngaphakathi entliziyweni, linokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi, libangele iimpawu zokuphazamiseka.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Arrhythmias
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga
• Umda wokujikeleza
• Ukuvalwa kwezivalo zentliziyo

Ithumba entliziyweni - myxoma; Ithumba lentliziyo - myxoma

• I-atxoma yasekhohlo ye-atrial
• I-myxoma elungileyo yegazi

I-Lenihan DJ, i-Yusuf SW, i-Shah A. Izidumbu ezichaphazela inkqubo yentliziyo. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 95.

UTazelaar HD, uMaleszewski JJ. Ukudumba kwentliziyo kunye ne-pericardium. Ku: Fletcher CDM, ed. I-Diagnostic Histopathology yeeThumba. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 2.