Ukusweleka kukaVitamin K usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa

Ukusweleka kweVitamin K (VKDB) yosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa kukuphazamiseka kwegazi kwiintsana. Ihlala ikhula kwiintsuku zokuqala nakwiiveki zobomi.

Ukungabikho kwe-vitamin K kunokubangela ukuphuma kwegazi kakhulu kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Vitamin K idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqandeni igazi.

Iintsana zihlala zineqondo eliphantsi levithamini K ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. I-Vitamin K ayihambi ngokulula kwi-placenta ukusuka kumama isiya emntwaneni. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa akanayo ivithamin K eninzi egcinwe ngexesha lokuzalwa. Kwakhona, iibhaktheriya ezinceda ukwenza i-vitamin K azikabikho kumatshini wokugaya usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Okokugqibela, akukho vithamin K ininzi kubisi lukamama.

Umntwana wakho angakhula le meko ukuba:

• Uvithamini K othintelayo akanikiwanga xa kuzalwa (ukuba ivithamin K inikwa ngomlomo endaweni yokuba idutyulwe, kufuneka inikwe ngaphezulu kwesinye, kwaye ayibonakali ngathi iyasebenza njengodubulo).
• Uthatha amachiza athile okulwa ukuxhuzula okanye ukucoca igazi.

Imeko yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:

• Ukuqala kwangoko kwe-VKDB kunqabile kakhulu. Kwenzeka ngeyure zokuqala emva kokuzalwa nangaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okulwa ukuxhuzula okanye amanye amayeza, kubandakanya igazi elincinci elibizwa ngokuba yiCoumadin, ngexa lokukhulelwa.
• Isifo esiqala kwangoko sivela phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokuzalwa. Kungabonakala kwiintsana ezincancisayo ezingakhange zifumane ivithamin K ngokudutyulwa kwiveki yokuqala emva kokuzalwa, njengalezo kulityaziswa kuzo ukulibaziseka ekuqaleni. Kwakhona kunqabile.
• Ukuqala kwexesha VKDB kubonwa kwiintsana phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 kunye neenyanga ezimbini ubudala. Kuqheleke ngakumbi ebantwaneni abangakhange bafumane vithamini K.

Iintsana kunye neentsana ezineengxaki zilandelayo kubandakanya inkqubo yamathumbu kusenokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise esi sifo:

• Ukusilela kwe-Alpha1-antitrypsin
• I-Biliary atresia
• Isifo seCeliac
• Icystic fibrosis
• Urhudo
• Hepatitis

Imeko ibangela ukopha. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuphuma kwegazi ziquka:

• Ilungu lobudoda lenkwenkwe, ukuba wolukile
• Indawo yeqhosha leBelly
• Iphetshana lesisu (elikhokelela kwigazi ekunyameni komntwana)
• Iimbumba zeMucus (ezifana nomgca wempumlo nomlomo)
• Iindawo apho bekukho intonga yenaliti

Kukho ukubakho:

• Igazi kumchamo
• Ukuthuthuzela
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula) okanye isimilo esingaqhelekanga

Uvavanyo lokunqanda igazi luya kwenziwa.

Ukuxilongwa kuyaqinisekiswa ukuba ivithamin K idubula iyeke ukopha kunye nexesha lokunqanda igazi (ixesha leprothrombin) ngokukhawuleza liqheleke. (Ukusilela kwe-vitamin K, ixesha leprothrombin lingaqhelekanga.)

UVitamin K unikwa ukuba ukopha kuyenzeka. Iintsana ezopha kakhulu zifuna iplasma okanye utofelo-gazi.

Umbono uthambekele ekubeni mbi ngakumbi kwiintsana ezinesifo esibuhlungu esivele emva kwexesha kunezinye iindlela. Kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kolukakayi (i-intracranial hemorrhage) ehambelana nemeko yokufika kade.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukopha ngaphakathi kolukakayi (ukopha okungapheliyo), kunye nokonakala kwengqondo okunokwenzeka
• Ukufa

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Naluphi na ukopha okungachazwanga
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukuziphatha kwesisu

Fumana unyango ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zinzima.

Uhlobo lokuqala lwesi sifo lunokuthintelwa ngokunika i-vitamin K shots kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abathatha amayeza okuthintela ukuhlutha. Ukuthintela iifom zakudala kunye nokufika kade, iAmerican Academy of Pediatrics icebisa ukunika usana lonke ivithamin K kwangoko emva kokuzalwa. Ngenxa yolu qheliselo, ukunqongophala kukavithamini K ngoku kunqabile eUnited States ngaphandle kwezo ntsana zingafumani vithamin K.

Isifo esibuhlungu somntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa (HDN)

Bhatt MD, Ho K, Chan AKC. Ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuqina kwentsha. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2018: isahluko 150.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC). Amanqaku avela ebaleni: ukunqongophala kweevithamini K ukuphuma kwegazi kwiintsana ezinabazali abanqabileyo ivithamin K yokuthintela - Tennessee, 2013. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2013; 62 (45): 901-902. IINKCUKACHA: 24226627 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24226627.

IGreenbaum LA. Ukunqongophala kukaVitamin K. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 66.

IKliegman RM, iSt. Geme JW, iBlum NJ, i-Shah SS, iTasker RC, uWilson KM. Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 66.

Sankar MJ, Chandrasekaran A, Kumar P, Thukral A, Agarwal R, Paul VK. I-Vitamin K prophylaxis yokuthintela ukusilela kwe-vithamin K ukuphuma kwegazi: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. J Perinatol. Ngo-2016; 36 iSuppl 1: S29-S35. IINKCUKACHA: 27109090 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27109090.