Ukuphulukana nokuva - iintsana

Ukuphulukana nokuva kukungakwazi ukuva isandi kwenye okanye kuzo zombini iindlebe. Iintsana zinokuphulukana nakho konke ukuva okanye inxenye yako.

Nangona ingaqhelekanga, ezinye iintsana zinokulahlekelwa kukuva xa zizalwa. Ukuphulukana nendlebe kunokukhula nakubantwana ababenendlebe eqhelekileyo njengeintsana.

• Ilahleko inokwenzeka kwindlebe enye okanye zombini. Inokuba nobulali, ukumodareyitha, ukuqina, okanye inzulu. Ukuphulukana nokuva kakhulu yile nto uninzi lwabantu luyibiza ngokuba sisithulu.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulahleka kwendlebe kuya kusiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha, ihlala izinzile kwaye ayibi mbi.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokuphulukana nokuva kweentsana ibandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yokulahleka kwendlebe
• Ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi

Ukuphulukana nokuva kunokwenzeka xa kukho ingxaki kwindlebe engaphandle okanye embindini. Ezi ngxaki zinokucothisa okanye zithintele amaza esandi ukuba angadluli. Ziquka:

• Iziphene zokuzalwa ezibangela utshintsho kulwakhiwo lomsele wendlebe okanye indlebe ephakathi
• Ukwakhiwa kwe-wax yendlebe
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo emva kwendlebe
• Ukonzakala okanye ukwaphuka kwendlebe
• Izinto ezinamathele kumsele wendlebe
• I-Scar kwi-eardrum ukusuka kusulelo oluninzi

Olunye uhlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe kungenxa yengxaki ngendlebe yangaphakathi. Inokwenzeka xa iiseli ezincinci zeenwele (iziphelo zemithambo-luvo) ezihambisa isandi endlebeni zonakele. Olu hlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe kunokubangelwa:

• Ukuba sesichengeni semichiza okanye amayeza athile xa usesibelekweni okanye emva kokuzalwa
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza
• Usulelo umama aludlulisela emntwaneni wakhe esibelekweni (njenge-toxoplasmosis, imasisi, okanye iherpes)
• Usulelo olunokonakalisa ingqondo emva kokuzalwa, njenge-meningitis okanye imasisi
• Iingxaki ngokwakhiwa kwendlebe yangaphakathi
• Amathumba

Ukuphulukana nokuva okuphakathi kubangelwe kukonakala kwimbilini yeendlebe uqobo, okanye iindlela zengqondo ezikhokelela kwimithambo-luvo. Ukuphulukana nokuva okuphakathi kunqabile kwiintsana nasebantwaneni.

Iimpawu zokuphulukana nendlebe kwiintsana ziyahluka ngokweminyaka. Umzekelo:

• Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa olunengxaki yokuva lusenokungothuki xa kukho ingxolo enkulu kufutshane.
• Iintsana ezindadlana, ekufuneka ziphendule kumazwi aqhelekileyo, zisenokungabonakalisi mpendulo xa kuthethwa nazo.
• Abantwana kufuneka basebenzise amagama angatshatanga ngeenyanga ezili-15, kunye nezivakalisi ezinamagama amabini aneminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Ukuba abafikeleli kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo, unobangela unokuba kukungeva.

Abanye abantwana banokungafunyaniswa benengxaki yokuva bade baye esikolweni. Oku kuyinyani nokuba bazalwe benokuva. Ukuhoya kunye nokushiyeka emva emsebenzini weklasi kunokuba yimiqondiso yokungaqondakali kokuva.

Ukuphulukana nokuva kwenza ukuba umntwana angakwazi ukuva izandi ezingaphantsi kwenqanaba elithile. Usana oluva ngesiqhelo luya kuva izandi ezingaphantsi kwelo nqanaba.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kumvavanya umntwana wakho. Uvavanyo lunokubonisa iingxaki zethambo okanye iimpawu zotshintsho kwimfuza ezinokubangela ukulahleka kwendlebe.

Umboneleli uya kusebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-otoscope ukubona ngaphakathi komsele wendlebe wosana. Oku kuvumela umboneleli ukuba abone indlebe kwaye afumane iingxaki ezinokubangela ukulahleka kwendlebe.

Iimvavanyo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ekulahlekelweni kokuva:

• Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwengqondo yokuphendula kwengqondo (ABR). Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa ii-patches, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-electrode, ukubona indlela i-nerve auditory ephendula ngayo kwisandi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Otoacoustic emissions (OAE). Iimakrofoni ezibekwe ezindlebeni zosana zifumana izandi ezikufutshane. Izandi kufuneka zivumelane nakwindlebe yendlebe. Ukuba akukho echo, luphawu lokulahleka kwendlebe.

Iintsana ezindala kunye nabantwana abancinci banokufundiswa ukuphendula kwizandi ngokudlala. Ezi mvavanyo, ezaziwa njenge-audiometry yokuphendula ebonakalayo kunye nokudlala i-audiometry, zinokumisela ngcono uluhlu lomntwana lokuva.

Ngaphezulu kwamazwe angama-30 eUnited States afuna ukuvavanywa kwindlebe ezisandula ukuzalwa. Ukunyanga ukulahleka kwendlebe kwangethuba kunokuvumela uninzi lweentsana ukuba lukhulise izakhono zolwimi eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Kwiintsana ezizelwe ngokulahlekelwa kukuva, unyango kufuneka luqale kwinyanga ezintandathu ubudala.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwimpilo yomntwana iphela kunye nonobangela wokulahleka kwendlebe. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Unyango lwentetho
• Ukufunda intetho yezandla
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear (kwabo banengxaki yokuziva bengeva kakuhle)

Ukunyanga unobangela wokulahleka kwendlebe kunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza osulelo
• Iityhubhu zeendlebe zosulelo oluphindaphindiweyo kwindlebe
• Ugqirha ukulungisa iingxaki zesakhiwo

Rhoqo kunokwenzeka ukunyanga ukulahleka kwendlebe okubangelwa ziingxaki eziphakathi kwendlebe ngamayeza okanye utyando. Akukho lunyango lokulahleka kwendlebe okubangelwe ngumonakalo kwindlebe yangaphakathi okanye kwimithambo-luvo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntwana kuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobukrakra bokulahleka kwendlebe. Inkqubela phambili kwizinto zokuncedisa ukuva kunye nezinye izixhobo, kunye nonyango lokuthetha kuvumela abantwana abaninzi ukuba bakhulise izakhono zolwimi eziqhelekileyo kubudala obufanayo noontanga babo ngokuva okuqhelekileyo. Nokuba iintsana ezinengxaki yokuva kakhulu zinokusebenza kakuhle ngokudityaniswa kunyango.

Ukuba umntwana unesifo esichaphazela ngaphezulu kokuva, umbono uxhomekeke kwezinye iimpawu kunye neengxaki umntwana anazo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho okanye umntwana omncinci ubonakalisa iimpawu zokulahleka kwendlebe, njengokungaphenduli kwimisindo ephezulu, ungenzi okanye ulingise ingxolo, okanye ungathethi kwiminyaka elindelekileyo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-cochlear implant, biza umboneleli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula umkhuhlane, intamo elukhuni, intloko ebuhlungu, okanye usulelo lwendlebe.

Akunakwenzeka ukuthintela onke amatyala okuphulukana nokuva kwiintsana.

Abasetyhini abaceba ukukhulelwa kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bakho konke ukugonywa.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bajonge kumboneleli wabo ngaphambi kokuba bathathe nawaphi na amayeza. Ukuba ukhulelwe, thintela izinto ezinokuthi zibeke umntwana wakho kusulelo oluyingozi, njenge-toxoplasmosis.

Ukuba wena okanye iqabane lakho linembali yosapho yokulahleka kwendlebe, unokufuna ukufumana iingcebiso ngemfuzo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.

Ukungeva - iintsana; Ukuva kakuhle - iintsana; Ukuqhuba ukulahleka kwendlebe - iintsana; Ukuphulukana nokuva kwemvakalelo - iintsana; Ukuphulukana nokuva okuphakathi-iintsana

• Uvavanyo lokuva

Eggermont JJ. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwendlebe. Ku: Eggermont JJ, ed. Ukuva ilahleko. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahl 8.

IHaddad J, iDodhia SN, iSpitzer JB. Ukuphulukana nokuva. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 655.