Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwiintsana

Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi) kukonyuka kwamandla egazi ngokuchasene nemithambo emzimbeni. Eli nqaku ligxile kuxinzelelo lwegazi kwiintsana.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lilinganisela indlela esebenza nzima ngayo intliziyo, kwaye nokuba sempilweni njani imithambo. Kukho amanani amabini kwimilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwegazi:

• Inombolo yokuqala (ephezulu) yi-systolic uxinzelelo lwegazi, olulinganisa amandla egazi akhutshiweyo xa intliziyo ibetha.
• Inombolo yesibini (ezantsi) luxinzelelo lwe-diastolic, olulinganisa uxinzelelo kwimithambo xa intliziyo iphumle.

Imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwegazi ibhaliwe ngale ndlela: 120/80. Inye okanye omabini la manani angaphakama kakhulu.

Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi, kubandakanya:

• IHormone
• Impilo yentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi
• Impilo yezintso

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwiintsana kunokubangelwa zizintso okanye isifo sentliziyo esikhoyo ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa). Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:

• Ukudibanisa i-aorta (ukunciphisa umthambo omkhulu wegazi wentliziyo obizwa ngokuba yi-aorta)
• I-patent ductus arteriosus (isitya segazi phakathi kwe-aorta kunye ne-pulmonary artery ekufuneka ivalwe emva kokuzalwa, kodwa ihlale ivulekile)
• I-Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (imeko yemiphunga echaphazela iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ezazifakwa kumatshini wokuphefumla emva kokuzalwa okanye zazalwa kwangoko)
• Isifo sezintso esibandakanya izicubu zezintso
• I-renal artery stenosis (ukunciphisa umthambo omkhulu wegazi kwizintso)

Kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luhlala lubangelwa ligazi kwigazi kwisitya segazi sezintso, ingxaki yokuba necatheter yomthambo.

Ezinye izizathu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwiintsana zingabandakanya:

• Amayeza athile
• Ukuboniswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezifana necocaine
• Amathumba athile
• Iimeko ezizuzwe njengelifa (iingxaki eziqhutywa ziintsapho)
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid

Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyenyuka njengoko umntwana ekhula. Uxinzelelo lwe-avareji yoxinzelelo lwegazi kusana olusandula kuzalwa ngama-64/41. Uxinzelelo lwe-avareji yoxinzelelo lwegazi kumntwana kwinyanga enye ukuya kwiminyaka emibini ubudala ingama-95/58. Kuqhelekile ukuba la manani ahluke.

Uninzi lweentsana ezinexinzelelo lwegazi aluyi kuba neempawu. Endaweni yoko, iimpawu zinokuhambelana nemeko ebangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukusilela ukukhula kunye nokutyeba
• Izifo ezenzeka rhoqo kumchamo
• Ulusu oluthuthu (pallor)
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza

Iimpawu ezinokubonakala ukuba umntwana unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zibandakanya:

• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Ukuhlanza

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uphawu kuphela koxinzelelo lwegazi yimilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwegazi uqobo.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zibandakanya:

• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza

Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwiintsana lulinganiswa ngesixhobo esizenzekelayo.

Ukuba ukungqubana kwe-aorta kungunobangela, kunokubakho ukwehla kwemithambo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi emilenzeni. Ukucofa kunokuvakala ukuba i-bicuspid aortic valve yenzeka ngokudibana.

Olunye uvavanyo kwiimveku ezinexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi ziya kuzama ukufumana unobangela wengxaki. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-X-ray yesifuba okanye isisu
• I-Ultrasound, kubandakanya i-ultrasound yentliziyo esebenzayo (i-echocardiogram) kunye nezintso
• I-MRI yemithambo yegazi
• Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-x-ray esebenzisa idayi ukujonga imithambo yegazi (i-angiography)

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kusana. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• I-Dialysis ukunyanga ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukunceda impompo yentliziyo ngcono
• Utyando (kubandakanya utyando lotyando okanye ukulungiswa koqhakamshelwano)

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntwana kuxhomekeke kwisizathu soxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nezinye izinto ezinje:

• Ezinye iingxaki zempilo emntwaneni
• Nokuba umonakalo (njengomonakalo wezintso) wenzekile ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu

Ukunganyangwa, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokukhokelela ku:

• Ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye kwezintso
• Ukonakala komzimba
• Ukuxhuzula

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ukusilela ukukhula kunye nokutyeba
• Inesikhumba esiluhlaza
• Unosulelo rhoqo lomchamo
• Kubonakala ngathi uyacaphuka
• Amavili ngokulula

Thatha umntwana wakho amse kwisebe likaxakeka ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ngaba ukuxhuzula
• Ayiphenduli
• Ugabha rhoqo

Abanye oonobangela boxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhutywa kwiintsapho. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuba unembali yosapho:

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Isifo sezintso

Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuba uthatha iyeza lengxaki yempilo. Ukuchazwa kwamachiza athile esibelekweni kunokunyusa umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokufumana iingxaki ezinokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi - iintsana

• I-catheter ye-Umbilical
• Ukudibanisa i-aorta

UFlynn JT. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwangaphambi kokubeleka. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ii-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 93.

IMacumber IR, uFlynn JT. Inkqubo yoxinzelelo lwegazi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 472.

ISinha MD, Reid C.Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Ku: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, ii-eds. Anderson's Cardiology yabantwana. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 60.