Iinkonzo zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi

Inkqubo yentliziyo yomzimba, okanye inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, yenziwe ngentliziyo, igazi, kunye nemithambo yegazi (imithambo kunye nemithambo).

Intliziyo kunye neenkonzo zemithambo ibhekisa kwisebe lezamayeza eligxile kwinkqubo yentliziyo.

Owona msebenzi wentliziyo kukupompa igazi eline-oksijini emzimbeni emva kokupompa igazi elingenayo i-oxygen kwimiphunga. Ngokwesiqhelo ikwenza oku amaxesha angama-60 ukuya kwali-100 ngomzuzu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.

Intliziyo yenziwe ngamagumbi amane:

• I-atrium elungileyo ifumana igazi elingenayo i-oxygen emzimbeni. Elo gazi ke lihamba liye kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo, elimpompozela kwimiphunga.
• I-atrium yasekhohlo ifumana igazi eline-oksijini emiphungeni. Ukusuka apho, igazi lihamba liye kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo, ekhupha igazi liphume entliziyweni liye kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ngokudibeneyo, imithambo kunye nemithambo ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yemithambo. Ngokubanzi, imithambo ithwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni kwaye imithambo ibuyisela igazi entliziyweni.

Inkqubo yentliziyo ihambisa ioksijini, izakha mzimba, iihomoni, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiiseli nakwizitho zomzimba. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni umzimba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi, ukuzilolonga kunye noxinzelelo. Ikwanceda ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

AMAYEZA E-CARDIOVASCULAR

Iyeza lentliziyo libhekisa kwisebe lokhathalelo lwempilo eligxile kunyango lwezifo okanye iimeko ezijongana neentliziyo kunye neesistim zemithambo.

Ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya:

• Isisu esine-aortic aneurysm
• Iziphene zentliziyo ozalwe nayo
• Isifo semithambo yegazi, kubandakanya i-angina kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Iingxaki zevalvu zentliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (arrhythmias)
• Isifo se-arteripheral disease (PAD)
• Ukubetha

Oogqirha ababandakanyeka kunyango lwezifo zokujikeleza kwegazi okanye zemithambo yegazi zibandakanya:

• Iingcali zentliziyo - Oogqirha abafumene uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kunyango lweentliziyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo
• Ugqirha we-Vascular - Oogqirha abafumene uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kutyando lwemithambo yegazi
• Ogqirha bezentliziyo - Oogqirha abafumene uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kutyando olunxulumene nentliziyo
• Oogqirha bonyango

Abanye ababoneleli ngezempilo ababandakanyeka kunyango lwezifo zokujikeleza kwegazi okanye zemithambo ibandakanya:

• Abongikazi (NPs) okanye abancedisi bamagqirha (PAs), abagxila kwintliziyo nakwizifo zemithambo
• Izondlo okanye izondlo
• Abongikazi abafumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kulawulo lwezigulana ezinezi ngxaki

Ukujonga iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ukuxilonga, ukubeka esweni okanye ukunyanga izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kunye neethambo zibandakanya:

• I-Cardiac CT
• I-MRI yeentliziyo
• I-Coronary angiography
• I-CT angiography (i-CTA) kunye ne-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• Echocardiogram
• I-PET iskena intliziyo
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo (ezininzi iintlobo zovavanyo loxinzelelo zikhona)
• I-Vascular ultrasound, efana ne-carotid ultrasound
• I-venous ultrasound yeengalo nemilenze

UKUGQIBELA NONgenelelo

Kunokwenziwa iinkqubo ezincinci zokungenelela ekuchongeni, ukujonga okanye ukunyanga izifo zentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo.

Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zeenkqubo, i-catheter ifakwa ngolusu kwisitya esikhulu segazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi nkqubo azidingi kubulawa ngokubanzi. Izigulana zihlala zingadingi kulala esibhedlele. Bayachacha kwi-1 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3 kwaye bahlala bebuyela kwimisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo kwiveki.

Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya:

• Unyango lwe-Ablation ukunyanga i-arrhythmias yentliziyo
• I-Angiogram (isebenzisa i-x-ray kunye nedayi eyahlukileyo ejoyiweyo ukuvavanya imithambo yegazi)
• I-Angioplasty (isebenzisa ibhaluni encinci ukuvula ukucuthwa kwisitya segazi) kunye okanye ngaphandle kokubekwa
• I-catheterization yentliziyo (ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi nasekujikelezeni kwentliziyo)

Utyando lwentliziyo lunokufuneka ukunyanga iingxaki ezithile zentliziyo okanye yegazi. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo
• Ukufakwa kwezixhobo zokwenza izinto okanye izixhobo zokuzikhusela
• Utyando oluvulekileyo nolungena kancinci lokungenelela kotyando
• Ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kwezivalo zentliziyo
• Unyango lotyando lwesiphene sentliziyo

Utyando lwe-Vascular lubhekisa kwiinkqubo zotyando ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga okanye ukufumanisa iingxaki kwisitya segazi, njengokuvaleka okanye ukuqhekeka. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya:

• Ukudlula kwe-Arterial grafti
• Iimpawu zokugqibela
• Ukulungiswa kwee-aneurysms (iinxalenye ezandisiweyo / ezandisiweyo) ze-aorta kunye namasebe awo

Iinkqubo zinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga imithambo ebonelela ngengqondo, izintso, amathumbu, iingalo kunye nemilenze.

UKUTHINTELWA KWE-CARDIOVASCULAR KUNYE NOKUHLAZIYA

Ukuvuselelwa kwentliziyo yinyango esetyenziselwa ukuthintela isifo sentliziyo ukuba singambi. Ihlala icetyiswa emva kweziganeko ezinxulumene nentliziyo ezinje ngokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye uqhaqho lwentliziyo. Ingabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lomngcipheko wentliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kunye neemviwo zempilo-ntle
• Isondlo kunye nengcebiso ngendlela yokuphila, kubandakanya ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye nemfundo yeswekile
• Umsebenzi ophantsi kolawulo

Inkqubo yokujikeleza Inkqubo yeVascular; Inkqubo yentliziyo

Yiya MR, Starr JE, Satiani B. Uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwamaziko ahlukeneyo eentliziyo. Ku: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, ii-eds. Utshintsho lukaRutherford lweeVascular and Therapy ze-Endovascular Therapy. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahl. 197.

IiMills NL, Japp AG, uRobson J. Inkqubo yentliziyo. Ku: Innes JA, Dover A, Fairhurst K, ii-eds. Uvavanyo lweKlinikhi yaseMacleod. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; I-2018: isahluko 4.