IDysarthria

IDysarthria yimeko apho kunzima ukuthetha amagama ngenxa yeengxaki zezihlunu ezikunceda uthethe.

Kumntu one-dysarthria, imithambo-luvo, ingqondo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa okanye ukulawula izihlunu zomlomo, ulwimi, ingqula, okanye imithambo yezwi.

Izihlunu zinokuba buthathaka okanye zikhubazeke ngokupheleleyo. Okanye, kunokuba nzima ukuba izihlunu zisebenze kunye.

IDysarthria inokuba sisiphumo sokonakala kwengqondo ngenxa:

• Ukulimala kwengqondo
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi
• Isifo esibangela ukuba ingqondo iphulukane nomsebenzi wayo (isifo esiwohloza ingqondo)
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• Isifo seParkinson
• Ukubetha

I-Dysarthria inokubangelwa kukonakala kwimithambo-luvo ebonelela ngezihlunu ezikunceda uthethe, okanye kwiimisipha ngokwazo:

• Ukubandezeleka kobuso okanye kwentamo
• Ugqirha lomhlaza wentloko nentamo, njengokukhutshwa ngokuyinxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kolwimi okanye ibhokisi yelizwi

I-Dysarthria inokubangelwa zizifo ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu (izifo ze-neuromuscular):

• Umvakalelo yokitazo
• Isihlunu semisipha
• IMyasthenia gravis
• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), okanye isifo seLou Gehrig

Ezinye izizathu zinokubandakanya:

• Utywala butywala
• Amazinyo okufakelwa angafanelekanga kakuhle
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza asebenza kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, njenge-narcotic, phenytoin, okanye i-carbamazepine

Kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sayo, idysarthria inokukhula kancinci okanye yenzeke ngesiquphe.

Abantu abane-dysarthria banengxaki yokwenza izandi ezithile okanye amagama.

Intetho yabo ayichazwanga kakuhle (njengokuntywila), kunye nesingqisho okanye isantya sokutshintsha kwentetho. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Isandi ngokungathi bayangxola
• Ukuthetha kancinci okanye ngokusebeza
• Ukuthetha ngeempumlo okanye ngokungxolayo, ukurhabaxa, ubunzima, okanye ilizwi elinomoya

Umntu one-dysarthria unokuphinda akhuphe amathe kwaye abe nengxaki yokuhlafuna okanye ukugwinya. Kunokuba nzima ukuhambisa imilebe, ulwimi, okanye umhlathi.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Usapho kunye nabahlobo banokufuna ukunceda ngembali yezonyango.

Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-laryngoscopy inokwenziwa. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, indawo ebukekayo yokubukela ibekwe emlonyeni nasemqaleni ukujonga ibhokisi yezwi.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa ukuba unobangela wedysarthria awaziwa ubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweetyhefu okanye amanqanaba eevithamini
• Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo, ezinje nge-MRI okanye i-CT yokuvavanywa kwengqondo okanye intamo
• Izifundo zokuqhutywa kwemithambo kunye ne-electromyogram ukujonga ukusebenza kombane kwimithambo-luvo okanye izihlunu
• Ukuginya isifundo, esinokubandakanya i-x-ray kunye nokusela ulwelo olukhethekileyo

Unokufuna ukuba uthunyelwe kwintetho nakwingcali yeelwimi kuvavanyo kunye nonyango. Izakhono ezizodwa onokuzifunda zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlafuna ngokukhuselekileyo okanye ubuchule bokuginya, xa kufuneka njalo
• Ukuphepha incoko xa udiniwe
• Ukuphinda izandi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze ufunde ukuhamba komlomo
• Ukuthetha ngokucothayo, sebenzisa ilizwi elingaphezulu, kwaye ume ukuze uqiniseke ukuba abanye abantu bayayiqonda
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa uziva ukhathazekile xa uthetha

Ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo okanye ubuchule bokunceda kwintetho, enje:

• Iiapps ezisebenzisa iifoto okanye intetho
• Iikhompyuter okanye iiselfowuni ukuchwetheza amagama
• Amakhadi aswitshi anamagama okanye iisimboli

Utyando lunokunceda abantu abane-dysarthria.

Izinto ezinokwenziwa lusapho kunye nabahlobo ukunxibelelana ngcono nomntu one-dysarthria zibandakanya:

• Cima unomathotholo okanye iTV.
• Yiya kwigumbi elizolileyo xa kufuneka njalo.
• Qinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kwigumbi kulungile.
• Hlala usondele ngokwaneleyo ukuze wena kunye nomntu one-dysarthria nikwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela ezibonakalayo.
• Dibana emehlweni.

Mamela ngononophelo kwaye umvumele umntu ukuba agqibe. Linda. Bajonge emehlweni ngaphambi kokuba uthethe. Nika ingxelo entle ngomzamo wabo.

Kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sedysarthria, iimpawu zinokuphucuka, zihlale zinjalo, okanye zisiba mandundu kancinci okanye ngokukhawuleza.

• Abantu abane-ALS ekugqibeleni baphulukana nobuchule babo bokuthetha.
• Abanye abantu abanesifo se-Parkinson okanye i-multiple sclerosis baphulukana namandla okuthetha.
• I-Dysarthria ebangelwa ngamayeza okanye amazinyo afanelekileyo angabuyiselwa umva.
• I-Dysarthria ebangelwe kukuhlaselwa sistroke okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo ayizukubi ngakumbi, kwaye inokuphucula.
• I-Dysarthria emva kotyando kulwimi okanye kwibhokisi yelizwi akufuneki ibe mbi, kwaye inokuphucula ngonyango.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Intlungu yesifuba, ukugodola, umkhuhlane, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ezinye iimpawu zenyumoniya
• Ukukhohlela okanye ukukrwitsha
• Kunzima ukuthetha okanye ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu
• Iimvakalelo zosizi okanye uxinzelelo

Ukungakwazi ukuthetha; Intetho egudileyo; Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho-idysarthria

Ambrosi D, uLee YT. Ukuvuselelwa kwesifo sokugwinya. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. IBraddom's Physical Medicine kunye noVuselelo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 3.

IKirshner HS. IDysarthria kunye neapraxia yentetho. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.