Onchocerciasis: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Umjikelo webhayoloji
• Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-onchocerciasis
• Indlela yokuchonga
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Uthintelo lwe-Onchocerciasis

I-Onchocerciasis, eyaziwa ngokuba yimfama emfuleni okanye isifo segolide, sisifo esibangelwa sisidleleli I-Onchocerca volvulus. Esi sifo sidluliselwa ngokulunywa yimpukane yohlobo Isimulium spp., ekwabizwa ngokuba yimpukane emnyama okanye ingcongconi yerabha, ngenxa yokufana kwayo neengcongconi, ezinokuthi zifumaneke ecaleni komlambo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekubonakalisweni kwesi sifo bubukho besidleleli emehlweni, sibangela ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo, yiyo loo nto i-onchocerciasis ikwabizwa ngokuba yimfama. Nangona kunjalo, i-onchocerciasis inokuhlala ingabonakali kangangeminyaka, eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukuxilongwa.

Umjikelo webhayoloji

Umjikelo webhayiloji I-Onchocerca volvulus kwenzeka kokubini kubhabho nasendodeni. Umjikelo endodeni uqala xa isinambuzane sityisa igazi, sikhuphe izibungu ezosulelayo ziye egazini. Le mibungu yenziwa yinkqubo yokuvuthwa, ivelise iphinde ikhuphe i-microfilariae, ethi isasazeke egazini ifike kumalungu ahlukeneyo, apho ikhula khona, ibangela iimpawu kwaye iqale umjikelo wobomi obutsha.

Iimpukane zinokosulela xa ziluma umntu one-microfilariae egazini, kuba ngexesha lokondla ziphela zityisa i-microfilariae, ethi itheleleke emathunjini iye kwiincindi zamathe, kunokwenzeka ukuba losulelo lwabanye abantu ngexesha legazi. ukondla.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-microfilariae ngemibungu yabantu abadala kuthatha malunga nonyaka, oko kukuthi, iimpawu ze-onchocerciasis ziqala ukubonakala emva konyaka omnye wosulelo kwaye ubungqongqo beempawu buxhomekeke kubungakanani be-microfilariae. Ukongeza, imibungu yabantu abadala iyakwazi ukuphila kumzimba ophakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-12, kwaye owasetyhini uyakwazi ukukhupha malunga ne-1000 microfilariae ngemini, ubomi bayo bujikeleze iminyaka emi-2.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-onchocerciasis

Olona phawu luphambili lwe-onchocerciasis kukuphulukana nombono ngenxa yobukho be-microfilariae emehlweni, ethi xa inganyangwa ingakhokelela ekungaboni. Olunye uphawu lweklinikhi yesi sifo zezi:

• OnchocercomaEhambelana nokwenziwa kwamaqhuqhuva ongama angaphantsi kunye naselula aqukethe iintshulube zabantu abadala. La maqhuqhuva angabonakala kwingingqi ye-pelvic, esifubeni nasentloko, umzekelo, kwaye azinazintlungu ngelixa iintshulube zisaphila, xa zisifa zibangela inkqubo yokuvuvukala okukhulu, iba buhlungu kakhulu;
• Oncodermatitis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-oncocercous dermatitis, ebonakala ngokuphulukana nolusu luthambe, i-atrophy kunye nokuqina okusongelayo okwenzeka ngenxa yokusweleka kwe-microfilariae ekhoyo kwizicwili ezinxulumene nolusu;
• Ukulimala kwamehlo, Ezi zizilonda ezingenakulungiswa ezibangelwa bubukho be-microfilariae emehlweni ezinokubangela ukungaboni kakuhle.

Ukongeza, kunokubakho izilonda ze-lymphatic, apho i-microfilariae inokufikelela kwii-lymph node kufutshane nezilonda zolusu kwaye ibangele umonakalo.

Indlela yokuchonga

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kwe-onchocerciasis kunzima, kuba esi sifo sinokuthi singabonakali kangangeminyaka. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngeempawu eziboniswe ngumntu, ukongeza kuvavanyo oluceliwe ngugqirha olunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, njengokuvavanywa kwamehlo kunye novavanyo lwegazi apho kufunwa khona i-microfilariae kwii-erythrocytes. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucela i-ultrasound, ukujonga ukwenziwa kwamaqhuqhuva sisidleleli, kunye novavanyo lweemolekyuli, ezinjengePCR ukuchonga I-Onchocerca volvulus.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, ugqirha unokucela uvavanyo lwe-histopathological, apho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy yeqhekeza elincinci lolusu ukuze ichonge i-microfilariae kwaye ikhuphe ukubakho kwezinye izifo, ezinje nge-adenopathies, lipomas kunye ne-sebaceous cysts, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-onchocerciasis lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-anti-parasitic Ivermectin, esebenza kakhulu ngokuchasene ne-microfilaria, njengoko inako ukubangela ukufa kwayo ngaphandle kokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu kakhulu. Funda indlela yokuthatha i-Ivermectin.

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene ne-microfilariae, i-Ivermectin ayinampembelelo kwizibungu ezindala, kwaye kuyafuneka ukuba ususe ngotyando amaqhuqhuva aqukethe imibungu yabantu abadala.

Uthintelo lwe-Onchocerciasis

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo ngo I-Onchocerca volvulus Isebenzisa izinto zokugxotha kunye neempahla ezifanelekileyo, ngakumbi kwimimandla apho izinambuzane zixhaphake khona nakwimibhede yemilambo, ukongeza kumanyathelo ajolise ekulweni nengcongconi, njengokusebenzisa isibulali zintsholongwane kunye nokubulala izinambuzane, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abahlali beengingqi ezihlala zikhona okanye abantu abakule mimandla mabaphathwe nge-Ivermectin ngonyaka okanye semi-ngonyaka njengendlela yokuthintela i-onchocerciasis.