Ityhefu yoncedo lokuqala

Ityhefu ibangelwa kukuvezwa kwento eyingozi. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokuginya, ukujova, ukuphefumla, okanye ezinye iindlela. Uninzi lweetyhefu lwenzeka ngengozi.

Uncedo lokuqala kwangoko lubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yetyhefu. Uncedo lokuqala olunikezayo ngaphambi kokufumana uncedo lonyango lungasindisa ubomi bomntu.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Izigidi zetyhefu zixelwa kumaziko olawulo lweetyhefu eUnited States minyaka le. Uninzi lubangela ukufa.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yokuba iphakheji ingenayo ilebhile yesilumkiso ayithethi ukuba into ikhuselekile. Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ityhefu xa umntu egula ngesiquphe ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ityhefu kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba umntu ufumaneka kufutshane neziko, imoto, umlilo, okanye indawo engenamoya unganeleyo.

Iimpawu zetyhefu zinokuthatha ixesha ukukhula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu othile unetyhefu, SUKULINDA ukuba kuvela iimpawu. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

Izinto ezinokubangela ityhefu zibandakanya:

• Ikharbon monoksayidi yerhasi (ukusuka kwiifenisha, iinjini zegesi, imililo, izifudumezi zasemajukujukwini)
• Ukutya okuthile
• Iikhemikhali emsebenzini
• Iziyobisi, kubandakanywa amayeza kunye neyeza (njenge-aspirin overdose) kunye neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezifana necocaine
• Izinto zokucoca amakhaya kunye neemveliso zokucoca
• Izityalo zasekhaya nezangaphandle (ukutya izityalo ezinetyhefu)
• Inambuzane
• Ipeyinti

Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokwetyhefu, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukudideka
• Khohlela
• Urhudo
• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Umbono kabini
• Ukozela
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukuphulukana nolawulo lwesinyi
• Ukuxhuma kwezihlunu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubudenge nokugungqa
• Ukuxhuzula
• Irhashalala okanye ukutsha
• Isiporho
• Ukungabikho zingqondweni (isiqaqa)
• Iphunga elingafaniyo lokuphefumla
• Ubuthathaka

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

Ityhefu ngokuginya nangokuphefumla okuthile:

Jonga kwaye ujonge indlela yomoya, ukuphefumla, kunye nokubetha komntu. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.

1. Zama ukuqiniseka ukuba inene umntu lo unetyhefu. Kunokuba nzima ukuxelela. Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya ukuphefumla okunuka imichiza, ukutshisa emlonyeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukugabha, okanye ivumba elingaqhelekanga emntwini. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, chonga ityhefu.
2. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo ngolawulo lwetyhefu okanye ingcali yezempilo.
3. Ukuba umntu uyagabha, coca indlela yomoya yomntu. Bopha ilaphu kwiminwe yakho ngaphambi kokucoca umlomo nomqala. Ukuba umntu ebegula ngenxa yesityalo, gcina umgabho lowo. Inokunceda iingcali zichonge ukuba leliphi iyeza elinokusetyenziswa ukunceda ukuguqula ityhefu.
4. Ukuba umntu uqala ukuxhuzula, mnike uncedo lokuqala.
5. Gcina umntu ekhululekile. Umntu kufuneka aqengqelwe kwicala lasekhohlo, kwaye ahlale apho ngelixa efumana okanye elinde uncedo lonyango.
6. Ukuba ityhefu ichithele ezingubeni zomntu, susa impahla kwaye uhlambe ulusu ngamanzi.

Ukutyhefuza inhalation:

Biza uncedo olungxamisekileyo. Ungaze uzame ukuhlangula umntu ngaphandle kokwazisa abanye kuqala.

Ukuba kukhuselekile ukwenza njalo, mhlangule umntu kwingozi yegesi, yomphunga okanye yomsi. Vula iifestile neengcango ukususa umsi.

1. Thatha umoya ophefumlelweyo kaninzi, emva koko ubambe umoya xa ungena. Bamba ilaphu elimanzi empumlweni nasemlonyeni.
2. SUKULAYE umatshisi okanye usebenzise isibane ngoba ezinye iigesi zinokubamba umlilo.
3. Emva kokuhlangula umntu engozini, jonga kwaye ujonge indlela yomoya, ukuphefumla, kunye nokubetha. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.
4. Ukuba kunyanzelekile, yenza uncedo lokuqala lokonzakala kwamehlo okanye uncedo lokuqala lokuxhuzula.
5. Ukuba umntu uyagabha, coca indlela yomoya yomntu. Bopha ilaphu kwiminwe yakho ngaphambi kokucoca umlomo nomqala.
6. Nokuba umntu ubonakala ephilile, fumana uncedo lonyango.

SUKU:

• Nika umntu ongazi nto nantoni na ngomlomo.
• Yenza ukugabha ngaphandle kokuba uxelelwe njalo yiZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu okanye ngugqirha. Ityhefu eyomeleleyo etshisa ezantsi emqaleni iyakwenza umonakalo ekubuyeni.
• Zama ukuthomalalisa ityhefu ngejusi yelamuni okanye iviniga, okanye nayiphi na enye into, ngaphandle kokuba uxelelwe njalo yiZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu okanye ngugqirha.
• Sebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo "lokunyanga konke" oluchasayo.
• Lindela iimpawu eziza kukhula xa ukrokrela ukuba umntu othile unetyhefu.

Iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wasimahla kwiNombolo yoNcedo (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. Akufuneki ukuba ibe yongxamiseko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Emva kokwenza amanyathelo okuqala okunceda ekhaya, unokufuna ukuya kwigumbi elingxamisekileyo. Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Esibhedlele uya kuvavanywa. Kananjalo unokufuna ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye nonyango.

• Amalahle avuselelweyo
• Inkxaso yomoya, kubandakanya ioksijini, ityhubhu yokuphefumla ngomlomo (intubation), kunye ne-ventilator (umatshini wokuphefumla)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT (itomography yekhompyuter, okanye umfanekiso ophucukileyo)
• EKG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV)
• Laxative
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu, kubandakanya namachiza okubuyisa umva iziphumo zetyhefu ukuba ikho

Lumkela ityhefu ekhayeni lakho nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Thatha amanyathelo okukhusela abantwana abancinci kwizinto ezinetyhefu. Gcina onke amayeza, izinto zokucoca, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye neekhemikhali zasekhaya kwindawo ekungenakufikelelwa ngabantwana, okanye kwiikhabhathi ezineeratshi ezingangenisi bantwana.

Ziqhelanise nezityalo ekhayeni lakho, eyadini nakwindawo ekufutshane. Gcina abantwana bakho benolwazi, nabo. Susa naziphi na izityalo eziyityhefu. Ungaze utye izityalo zasendle, amakhowa, iingcambu, okanye amaqunube ngaphandle kokuba uqhelene nazo.

Fundisa abantwana ngobungozi bezinto ezinetyhefu. Bhala zonke iityhefu.

MUSA ukugcina iikhemikhali zekhaya kwizikhongozelo zokutya, nokuba zibhalwe. Uninzi lwezinto ezingezizo zokutya zinetyhefu xa zithathwa ngeedosi ezinkulu.

Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba iityhefu zeshishini zinokungcolisa umhlaba okanye amanzi akufuphi, xela isebe lakho lezempilo okanye urhulumente okanye i-Arhente yoKhuselo lokusiNgqongileyo.

Ezinye iityhefu okanye ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo akufuneki iidosi ezinkulu okanye unxibelelwano ukuze kubangele iimpawu kunye nokwenzakala. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango kwangoko ukuthintela ukwenzakala okukhulu. Iziphumo ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwetyhefu umntu adibene nayo kunye nokhathalelo olufunyenweyo ukunyanga ukubonakaliswa.

• Jonga indlela yomoya

Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Osterthaler KM, Banner W. 2017 Ingxelo yonyaka ye-American Association of Poison Control Centers 'yeNkqubo yeSizwe yetyhefu yeNkqubo (NPDS): Ingxelo yonyaka ye-35th. KwiKlinikhi yetyhefu (UPhila). 2018; 56 (12): 1213-1415. IINKCUKACHA: 30576252 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30576252.

Meehan TJ. Indlela yesigulana esinetyhefu. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2018: isahluko 139.

UNelson LS, uFord MD. Ityhefu Acute. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 110.