I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ebantwaneni

I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) ngumhlaza kwizicubu ze-lymph. Izicubu ze-lymph zifumaneka kwii-lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, marrow bone, kunye namanye amalungu omzimba. Amajoni omzimba asikhusela kwizifo kunye nosulelo.

Eli nqaku limalunga neNHL ebantwaneni.

I-NHL ithande ukwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abadala. Kodwa abantwana bafumana ezinye iintlobo ze-NHL. I-NHL yenzeka rhoqo kubafana. Ihlala ingenzeki kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3.

Isizathu ngqo se-NHL ebantwaneni asaziwa. Kodwa, ukukhula kwe-lymphomas ebantwaneni kunxulunyaniswa:

• Unyango lomhlaza lwangaphambili (unyango lwemitha, ichemotherapy)
• Amajoni omzimba athathaka ekufakweni komzimba
• Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr, intsholongwane ebangela i-mononucleosis
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo (intsholongwane kaGawulayo)

Zininzi iintlobo zeNHL. Ukwahlulahlulahlula ngokwamaqela kukukhawuleza komhlaza ukusasazeka. Umhlaza usenokuba kwinqanaba eliphantsi (ukukhula kancinci), ibanga eliphakathi, okanye inqanaba eliphezulu (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza).

I-NHL iphinde yahlelwa ngamaqela:

• Zijongeka njani iiseli phantsi kwemicroscope
• Luhlobo luni lweeseli ezimhlophe ezivela kulo
• Nokuba kukho utshintsho oluthile lwe-DNA kwiiseli zethumba ngokwazo

Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi indawo yomzimba echaphazelekayo ngumhlaza kunye nokuba umhlaza ukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• I-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni, phantsi kwekhwapha, esiswini, okanye kwi-groin
• Ukudumba okungenasiphelo okanye iqhuma kumasende
• Ukudumba kwentloko, intamo, iingalo okanye umzimba ongasentla
• Ingxaki yokuginya
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Ukukhawuleza
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo
• Ukudumba esiswini
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukudinwa
• Umkhuhlane ongachazwanga

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango yomntwana wakho. Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela ukuba ii-lymph node zidumbile.

Umboneleli unokwenza ezi mvavanyo zelebhu xa kukrokrelwa i-NHL:

• Uvavanyo lwekhemesti yegazi kubandakanya amanqanaba eprotini, uvavanyo lwesibindi, ukusebenza kwezintso, kunye nenqanaba leuric acid
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• I-ESR ("inqanaba lesed")
• I-x-ray yesifuba, ehlala ibonisa iimpawu zobunzima kwindawo phakathi kwemiphunga

I-lymph node biopsy iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-NHL.

Ukuba i-biopsy ibonisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-NHL, kuya kwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze ubone ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. Ukubeka esiteji kunceda ukukhokelela kunyango lwexesha elizayo kunye nokulandela.

• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba, isisu kunye nesinqe
• Umongo wethambo
• Ukuskena iPET

I-Immunophenotyping luvavanyo lwaselebhu olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iiseli, ngokusekwe kwiindidi zeantigen okanye ezimakishayo phezu kweseli. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-lymphoma ngokuthelekisa iiseli zomhlaza kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo zomzimba.

Unokukhetha ukufuna ukhathalelo kwiziko lomhlaza labantwana.

Unyango luya kuxhomekeka:

• Uhlobo lwe-NHL (zininzi iintlobo ze-NHL)
• Isigaba (apho umhlaza usasazeke)
• Iminyaka yomntwana wakho kunye nempilo iyonke
• Iimpawu zomntwana wakho, kubandakanya ukwehla kobunzima, umkhuhlane kunye nokubila ebusuku

I-Chemotherapy ihlala inyango lokuqala:

• Umntwana wakho unokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele ekuqaleni. Kodwa uninzi lonyango lwe-NHL lunokunikwa eklinikhi, kwaye umntwana wakho uya kuhlala ekhaya.
• I-Chemotherapy inikwa ikakhulu kwimithambo (IV), kodwa ezinye i-chemotherapy zinikwa ngomlomo.

Umntwana wakho unokufumana unyango ngemitha usebenzisa ii-x-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo ngumhlaza.

Olunye unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye izilwa-buhlungu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango oluphezulu lwe-chemotherapy lunokulandelwa kukufakwa kweseli (usebenzisa iiseli zomntwana wakho).
• Ugqirha lokususa olu hlobo lomhlaza aluqhelekanga, kodwa kunokufuneka kwezinye iimeko.

Ukuba nomntwana onomhlaza yenye yezona zinto zinzima oya kujongana nazo njengomzali. Ukuchaza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nomhlaza emntwaneni wakho akuyi kuba lula. Kuya kufuneka ufunde ukuba ungalufumana njani uncedo kunye nenkxaso ukuze ukwazi ukumelana ngokulula.

Ukuba nomntwana onomhlaza kunokuba noxinzelelo. Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso apho abanye abazali okanye iintsapho zabelana ngamava aqhelekileyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho.

• Umhlaza wegazi kunye noMbutho weLymphoma- www.lls.org
• Umbutho weSizwe woMhlaza waBantwana-www.thenccs.org/how-we-help/

Uninzi lweefom ze-NHL ziyanyangeka. Nokuba amanqanaba okugqibela eNHL ayanyangeka ebantwaneni.

Umntwana wakho kuya kufuneka enze iimviwo rhoqo kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga ngeminyaka emva konyango ukuze aqiniseke ukuba ithumba alibuyi.

Nokuba ithumba libuya, likho ithuba lokunyanga.

Ukulandelwa rhoqo kuya kulinceda iqela lokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba lijonge iimpawu zokubuyela komhlaza kunye naziphi na iziphumo zonyango ixesha elide.

Unyango lwe-NHL lunokuba neengxaki. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha zinokubonakala iinyanga okanye iminyaka emva konyango. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukugqibela kweziphumo." Kubalulekile ukuthetha ngeziphumo zonyango kunye neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo. Yintoni onokuyilindela malunga neziphumo ezifike kade kuxhomekeke kunyango oluthile olufunyanwa ngumntwana wakho. Inkxalabo yeziphumo ezifike emva kwexesha kufuneka ilungelelaniswe yimfuno yokunyanga nokunyanga umhlaza.

Fowunela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho une-lymph node ezidumbileyo ezinomkhuhlane ongachazekiyo ongahambiyo okanye onezinye iimpawu ze-NHL.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-NHL, biza umnikezeli ukuba umntwana wakho unefiva engapheliyo okanye ezinye iimpawu zosulelo.

Lymphoma - non-Hodgkin - abantwana; Lymphoblastic lymphoma - abantwana; Burkitt lymphoma - abantwana; Ii-lymphomas ezinkulu zeseli - abantwana, iCancer - engeyiyo iHodgkin lymphoma - abantwana; Ukusasaza i-B-cell lymphoma enkulu - abantwana; Ukukhula kweseli B lymphoma - abantwana; Iseli enkulu ye-lymphoma

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Yintoni i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ebantwaneni? www.cancer.org/cancer/childhood-non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/non-hodgkin-lymphomain-children.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-1 ka-Agasti ka-2017. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 7, 2020.

IHochberg J, iGoldman SC, iCairo MS. KwiLymphoma. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 523.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma yobuntwana (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 12, 2021. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 23, 2021.