Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kubantwana

Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo ngokubanzi (i-GAD) kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo apho umntwana ahlala exhalabile okanye enexhala lezinto ezininzi kwaye ekufumanisa kunzima ukulawula olu xinzelelo.

Isizathu seGAD asaziwa. Imfuza inokudlala indima. Abantwana abanamalungu osapho abanengxaki yokuxhalaba banokubakho ngakumbi. Uxinzelelo kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-GAD.

Izinto kubomi bomntwana ezinokubangela uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo zibandakanya:

• Ukulahleka, njengokufa komntu omthandayo okanye uqhawulo mtshato lwabazali
• Utshintsho kubomi obukhulu, njengokufudukela kwidolophu entsha
• Imbali yokuxhatshazwa
• Ukuhlala nosapho kunye namalungu ayoyikayo, axhalabileyo, okanye anobundlobongela

I-GAD yimeko eqhelekileyo, ichaphazela malunga ne-2% ukuya kwi-6% yabantwana. I-GAD ihlala ingenzeki kude kufike ixesha lokufikisa. Ihlala ibonakala kumantombazana kunakwamakhwenkwe.

Olona phawu luphambili kukukhathazeka okanye uxinzelelo rhoqo ubuncinci iinyanga ezi-6, nokuba kunesizathu esincinci okanye akukho sizathu sicacileyo. Amaxhala abonakala edada ukusuka kwingxaki ukuya kwenye. Abantwana abanoxinzelelo bahlala begxila kwixhala labo:

• Ukuqhuba kakuhle esikolweni nakwezemidlalo. Banokuba nemvakalelo yokuba bafuna ukwenza ngokugqibeleleyo okanye ngenye indlela baziva bengasebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukhuseleko lwabo okanye lweentsapho zabo. Banokuziva benoloyiko olukhulu lweentlekele zendalo ezinje ngeenyikima, iinkanyamba, okanye ukuqhekeka kwamakhaya.
• Ukugula kubo okanye kwiintsapho zabo. Banokuxhalaba kakhulu ngenxa yezifo ezincinci abanazo okanye boyike ukukhula kwezifo.

Nokuba umntwana uyazi ukuba amaxhala okanye uloyiko ligqithile, umntwana one-GAD usenobunzima bokuzilawula. Umntwana uhlala efuna ukuqinisekiswa.

Ezinye iimpawu ze-GAD zibandakanya:

• Iingxaki zokugxila, okanye ingqondo iya kungenanto
• Ukudinwa
• Ukucaphuka
• Iingxaki zokuwa okanye ukuhlala ulele, okanye ukulala okungazinzanga nokungonelisiyo
• Ukungazoli xa uvukile
• Ukungatyi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukutya kakhulu
• Ukudubuleka ngumsindo
• Inkqubo yokungathobeli, ubutshaba kunye nokudelela

Ukulindela okona kubi, nokuba akukho sizathu sibonakalayo sokukhathazeka.

Umntwana wakho unokuba nezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezinje:

• Ukuxhatshazwa kwezihlunu
• Isisu esimoshakele
• Ukubila
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu zokuxhalabisa zinokuchaphazela ubomi bomntwana bemihla ngemihla. Banokwenza kube nzima ukuba umntwana alale, atye, kwaye aqhube kakuhle esikolweni.

Umboneleli wezempilo yomntwana wakho uya kubuza malunga neempawu zomntwana wakho. I-GAD iyaxilongwa isekwe kwiimpendulo zakho nezomntwana wakho kule mibuzo.

Wena nomntwana wakho niyakubuzwa malunga nempilo yakhe ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasemzimbeni, iingxaki esikolweni, okanye indlela aziphethe ngayo nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Uvavanyo lomzimba okanye uvavanyo lwelebhu lunokwenziwa ukulawula ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

Injongo yonyango kukunceda umntwana wakho azive engcono kwaye asebenze kakuhle kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwiimeko ezingaginyisi mathe, ukuthetha ngonyango okanye iyeza kuphela kunokuba luncedo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, indibaniselwano yezi inokusebenza ngcono.

UNYANGO LOKUTHETHA

Iindidi ezininzi zonyango lonyango lunokuba luncedo kwi-GAD. Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo nolusebenzayo lonyango oluthethwayo lonyango lokuziphatha-ngokuziphatha (CBT). I-CBT inokunceda umntwana wakho aqonde ubudlelwane phakathi kweengcinga zakhe, indlela aziphatha ngayo kunye neempawu zakhe. I-CBT ihlala ibandakanya inani elisetiweyo lotyelelo. Ngexesha le-CBT, umntwana wakho angafunda ukwenza:

• Qonda kwaye ufumane ulawulo lweembono eziphosakeleyo zoxinzelelo, ezinje ngeziganeko zobomi okanye indlela yokuziphatha kwabanye abantu
• Qaphela kwaye ubeke endaweni yakhe iingcinga ezibangela uloyiko ukumnceda azive ngakumbi kulawulo
• Lawula uxinzelelo kwaye uphumle xa kuvela iimpawu
• Kulumkele ukucinga ukuba iingxaki ezincinci ziya kukhula zibe zezothusayo

AMAYEZA

Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo ebantwaneni. Amayeza aqhelekileyo amiselwe i-GAD abandakanya i-antidepressants kunye ne-sedatives. Ezi zinokusetyenziswa ixesha elifutshane okanye ixesha elide. Thetha nomboneleli ukuze ufunde malunga neyeza lomntwana wakho, kubandakanywa nemiphumo emibi kunye nokusebenzisana. Qiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho uthatha naliphi na iyeza njengoko kumiselwe.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntwana kuxhomekeke ekubeni imeko imbi kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-GAD ihlala ixesha elide kwaye kunzima ukuyinyanga. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana luphucula amayeza, unyango lonyango, okanye zombini.

Ukuba nengxaki yokuxhalaba kunokubeka umntwana emngciphekweni woxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

Tsalela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho uhlala exhalabile okanye eziva enexhala, kwaye iphazamisa imisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla.

GAD - abantwana; Ixhala lokuphazamiseka-kubantwana

• Abacebisi bamaqela enkxaso

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ICalkins AW, Bui E, Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, uSimon NM. Ukuxhalaba. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 32.

IRosenberg DR, iChiriboga JA. Ukuxhalaba. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 38.