Unyango olupheleleyo lwebele

Unyango olupheleleyo lwebele lusebenzisa ii-x-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza webele Ngolu hlobo lonyango lwe-radiation, lonke ibele lifumana unyango lwemitha.

Iiseli zomhlaza zanda ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuba i-radiation iyingozi kakhulu kwiiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, unyango lwemitha lonakalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphezu kweeseli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ekubeni zikhule kwaye zahlule, kwaye zikhokelele ekufeni kweseli.

Olu hlobo lwemitha luhanjiswa ngumatshini we-x-ray ohambisa indawo echanekileyo yemitha ebeleni lonke, okanye eludongeni lwesifuba (ukuba lwenziwe emva kwe-mastectomy). Ngamanye amaxesha, i-radiation iyakujolisa kwii-lymph node kwindawo ye-armpit okanye yentamo okanye phantsi kwethambo lebele.

Unokufumana unyango ngemitha esibhedlele okanye kwiziko labucala lokulalisa imitha. Uya kugoduka emva konyango ngalunye. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yonyango inikwa iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Ngexesha lonyango, umqadi wonyango uvuliwe kwimizuzu nje embalwa. Unyango ngalunye lubekelwe ixesha elifanayo yonke imihla ukulungiselela wena.

Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane unyango lwe-radiation, uya kudibana ne-radiation oncologist. Lo ngugqirha ogxile kunyango lwe-radiation.

Phambi kokuba kuhanjiswe imitha kukho inkqubo yokucwangcisa ebizwa ngokuba yi "simulation" apho umhlaza kunye nezicubu eziqhelekileyo zenziwe imephu. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha uyakucebisa amanqaku amancinci esikhumba abizwa ngokuba zii "tattoos" ukunceda ukukhokela unyango.

• Amanye amaziko asebenzisa ii-tatoo ze-inki. La manqaku asisigxina, kodwa ahlala emancinci kunemole. Ezi azinakuhlanjwa, kwaye unokuhlamba kwaye uhlambe ngesiqhelo. Emva konyango, ukuba ufuna amanqaku asuswe, i-laser okanye utyando lunokusetyenziswa.
• Amanye amaziko asebenzisa amanqaku anokuhlanjwa. Unokucelwa ukuba ungayihlambi indawo ngexesha lonyango kwaye amanqaku anokufuna ukuchukunyiswa phambi kweseshoni nganye yonyango.

Ngexesha leseshoni nganye yonyango:

• Uya kulala etafileni ekhethekileyo, nokuba umqolo wakho okanye isisu sakho.
• Amagcisa aya kukubeka endaweni ke ngoko kwimitha yeithagethi kwindawo yonyango.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ulungelelwaniso lwe-x-reyi okanye ukuskena kuthathwa ngaphambi konyango ukuze uqiniseke ukuba umiselwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yonyango.
• Amanye amaziko asebenzisa umatshini ohambisa imitha kwiindawo ezithile zomjikelo wokuphefumla. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umda kwimitha nakwimiphunga. Unokucelwa ukuba ubambe umphefumlo wakho ngelixa i-radiation ihanjiswa. Unokuba nomlomo ukunceda ukulawula ukuphefumla kwakho.
• Rhoqo, uya kufumana unyango lwemitha phakathi kwemizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemi-5. Ngosuku ngalunye uya kuba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweziko lonyango ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-20 ngokomndilili.

Emva kotyando, iiseli zomhlaza zihlala kwisiswini sebele okanye kwii-lymph node. Imitha inokunceda ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Xa i-radiation ihanjiswa emva kokwenziwa kotyando, ibizwa ngokuba yonyango (olongezelelweyo) unyango.

Ukongeza unyango ngemitha kunokubulala iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye umva.

Unyango lwe-radiation olupheleleyo lunokunikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza:

• Kwiductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
• Kwinqanaba loku-1 okanye lesibini lomhlaza wamabele, emva kwe-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy ekhethekileyo (utyando lolondolozo lwebele)
• Ngomhlaza webele oqhubela phambili, ngamanye amaxesha nasemva kokuzala okupheleleyo
• Umhlaza osasazeke kwii-lymph node zalapha (entanyeni okanye ekhwapheni)
• Kumhlaza webele oxhaphakileyo, njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iimpawu

Xelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo.

Nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo kunyango. Unokucelwa ukuba unxibe ibra ekhethekileyo.

Awunakusasazeka ngemitha emva konyango lwemitha. Kukhuselekile ukuba phakathi kwabantu, kubandakanya iintsana okanye abantwana. Ngokukhawuleza xa umatshini eyeka, akusekho radiation kweli gumbi.

Unyango ngemitha, njengalo naluphi na unyango lomhlaza, lunokonakalisa okanye lubulale iiseli ezisempilweni. Ukufa kweeseli ezisempilweni kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kwidosi yemitha kunye nokuba ufumana unyango kangaphi.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokukhula kwangoko ngexesha lonyango (ngaphakathi kweeveki ezimbalwa) kwaye zihlale ixesha elifutshane, okanye zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezihlala ixesha elide. Iziphumo ebezenzeka emva kwexesha zinokwenzeka kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka kamva.

Iziphumo zokuqala ezinokuqala kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 emva konyango lwakho lokuqala zingabandakanya:

• Unokuphuhlisa ukudumba kwamabele, ukuthamba, kunye novakalelo.
• Ulusu lwakho kwindawo ephathwayo lunokuba bomvu okanye lube mnyama ngombala, i-peel, okanye ukurhawuzelela (njengokutshiswa lilanga).

Uninzi lolu tshintsho kufuneka luhambe malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuba unyango lwe-radiation luphelile.

Umboneleli wakho uya kuchaza ukhathalelo ekhaya ngexesha nasemva konyango lwemitha.

Ukuhamba kwexesha elide (ixesha elide) kunokubandakanya:

• Ukunciphisa ubungakanani besifuba
• Ukwanda kokuqina kwebele
• Ubomvu besikhumba kunye nombala
• Ukuvuvukala engalweni (i-lymphedema) kwabasetyhini abaye basuswa i-lymph node
• Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuqhekeka kwembambo, iingxaki zentliziyo (ngakumbi ukubakho kwemitha yamabele asekhohlo) okanye ukonakala kwethishu yemiphunga
• Ukuphuhliswa komhlaza wesibini kwindawo yonyango (ibele, iimbambo, okanye izihlunu zesifuba okanye ingalo)

Unyango lwe-radiation olupheleleyo olulandelayo olulandela ulondolozo lwebele linciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza kwaye linciphise umngcipheko wokufa kumhlaza webele.

Umhlaza webele - unyango ngemitha; Unyango lwe-carcinoma lwebele-radiation; Imitha yelanga yangaphandle - isifuba; Unyango olutshintshileyo lwonyango-umhlaza wamabele; Imitha - lonke ibele; I-WBRT; Imitha yesifuba - isincedisi; Imitha yelifu

UAlluri P, uJagsi R. Postmastectomy radiotherapy. Ku: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, ii-eds. Isifuba: Ulawulo oluBanzi lwezifo ezinobungozi kunye nezifo ezinobungozi. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 49.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza webele (lwabantu abadala) (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/ Unyango-esifo-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 2, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 5, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: inkxaso kubantu abanomhlaza. www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-kunye nawe. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Okthobha ka-2016. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha u-5, 2020.