Ukusilela kwentliziyo ebantwaneni

Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo yimeko ebangela ukuba intliziyo ingasakwazi ukumpompa ngokufanelekileyo igazi eline-oksijini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeoksijini zomzimba kunye namalungu omzimba.

Ukusilela kwentliziyo kunokwenzeka xa:

• Izihlunu zentliziyo yomntwana wakho ziba buthathaka kwaye azikwazi ukumpompa (ukukhupha) igazi eliphuma entliziyweni kakuhle.
• Imisipha yentliziyo yomntwana wakho iqinile kwaye intliziyo ayizalisi ligazi ngokulula.

Intliziyo yenziwe ziinkqubo ezimbini ezizimeleyo zokumpompa. Elinye likwicala lasekunene, elinye lingasekhohlo. Ngalinye linamagumbi amabini, iatrium kunye ne ventricle. Ii-ventricles zezona mpompo ziphambili entliziyweni.

Inkqubo elungileyo ifumana igazi kwimithambo yomzimba wonke. Eli ligazi "eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", elihlwempuzekileyo kwioksijini kwaye ityebile kwi-carbon dioxide.

Inkqubo yasekhohlo ifumana igazi kwimiphunga. Eli ligazi "elibomvu" ngoku elinobutyebi kwioksijini. Igazi lishiya intliziyo nge-aorta, owona mthambo mkhulu wondla igazi kuwo wonke umzimba.

Iivalve ziyimisipha evuthayo kwaye ivalwe ukuze igazi lihambe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kukho iivelufa ezine entliziyweni.

Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokusilela kwentliziyo kwenzeka ebantwaneni kuxa igazi elivela kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo lixubana necala lasekunene lentliziyo. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuphumeni kwegazi kwimiphunga okanye kwigumbi elinye okanye nangaphezulu entliziyweni. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yeziphene zokuzalwa kwentliziyo okanye imithambo yegazi emikhulu. Oku kubandakanya:

• Umngxuma phakathi kwegumbi lasekunene okanye lasekhohlo kumagumbi aphezulu okanye asezantsi entliziyo
• Isiphene semithambo ephambili
• Iipalivali zentliziyo ezinesiphene ezivuzayo okanye ezimxinwa
• Isiphene ekubunjweni kwamagumbi entliziyo

Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga okanye ukonakala kwimisipha yentliziyo ngomnye unobangela wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa:

• Usulelo olusuka kwintsholongwane okanye kwiibhaktheriya ezibangela ukonakala kwentliziyo yemithambo okanye yezivalo zentliziyo
• Amachiza asetyenziselwa ezinye izifo, amaxesha amaninzi iziyobisi zomhlaza
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, njenge-muscular dystrophy
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza okukhokelela kuphuhliso olungaqhelekanga lwezihlunu zentliziyo

Njengoko ukupompa kwentliziyo kuye kungasebenzi kakuhle, igazi linokubuyela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

• Ulwelo lunokwakha kwimiphunga, isibindi, isisu, iingalo nemilenze. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo.
• Iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo zinokubakho xa kuzalwa, ziqale kwiiveki zokuqala zobomi, okanye zikhule kancinci kumntwana osele ekhulile.

Iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo kwiintsana zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla, njengokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla okubonakala ngathi kufuna umgudu. Oku kunokuqatshelwa xa umntwana ephumla okanye xa esondla okanye ekhala.
• Ukuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukondla okanye ukudinwa kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokutya emva kwexesha elifutshane.
• Ukubona ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okuqinileyo ngodonga lwesifuba xa umntwana ephumle.
• Ukungafumani ubunzima obaneleyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubantwana abadala zi:

• Khohlela
• Ukudinwa, ukuba buthathaka, nokudinwa
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Kufuneka uchame ebusuku
• I-pulse evakalelwa ngokukhawuleza okanye engaqhelekanga, okanye imvakalelo yokuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ukuphefumla kancinci xa umntwana esebenzayo okanye emva kokulala phantsi
• Ukudumba (ukwandisa) isibindi okanye isisu
• Iinyawo ezidumbileyo namaqatha
• Ukuvuka ebuthongweni emva kweeyure ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuphefumla okufutshane
• Ukutyeba kwakho

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuvavanya umntwana wakho ngeempawu zokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo:

• Ukukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla nzima
• Ukudumba komlenze (i-edema)
• Imithambo yeentsimbi ekhutshelwa ngaphandle (ikhutshiwe)
• Izandi (iintanda) ezivela kulwakhiwo lwamanzi emiphungeni yomntwana wakho, uve ngestethoscope
• Ukudumba kwesibindi okanye isisu
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungalinganiyo okanye okukhawulezayo kunye nezandi zentliziyo engaqhelekanga

Iimvavanyo ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa nokujonga ukusilela kwentliziyo.

Isifuba x-reyi kunye ne-echocardiogram zezona ziimvavanyo zokuqala ezilungileyo xa kuvavanywa ukusilela kwentliziyo. Umboneleli wakho uya kuzisebenzisa ukukhokela unyango lomntwana wakho.

I-catheterization yentliziyo ibandakanya ukuhambisa ityhubhu ecekeceke (catheter) kwicala lasekunene okanye lasekhohlo lentliziyo. Kungenziwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo, ukuhamba kwegazi, kunye namanqanaba eoksijini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo.

Olunye uvavanyo lokucinga lunokujonga indlela intliziyo yomntwana wakho ekwazi ngayo ukumpompa igazi, kunye nokuba yonakaliswe kangakanani yimisipha yentliziyo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi lunokusetyenziselwa:

• Nceda ufumanise kwaye ujonge ukusilela kwentliziyo
• Khangela izizathu ezinokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo okanye iingxaki ezinokuthi zenze ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kube nzima
• Ukujonga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga amayeza umntwana wakho anokuzithatha

Unyango luhlala lubandakanya indibanisela yokujonga, ukuzikhathalela, kunye namayeza kunye nolunye unyango.

UKUBEKWA ESWENI NOKUZINAKEKELA

Umntwana wakho uya kuba namatyelelo okulandelela ubuncinci rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha amaxesha amaninzi. Umntwana wakho uya kuvavanywa ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.

Bonke abazali nabakhathaleli kufuneka bafunde ukubek 'esweni umntwana ekhaya. Kuya kufuneka ufunde neempawu zokuba ukusilela kwentliziyo kuya kusiba mandundu. Ukuziqonda kwangoko iimpawu kuya kunceda umntwana wakho aphume esibhedlele.

• Ekhaya, jonga utshintsho kwinqanaba lokubetha kwentliziyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nobunzima.
• Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nento ekufuneka uyenzile xa ubunzima benyuka okanye umntwana wakho evelisa iimpawu ezingaphezulu.
• Nciphisa ukuba itya ityiwa kangakanani na umntwana wakho. Ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba unciphise ukuba umntwana wakho usela malini emini.
• Umntwana wakho kufuneka afumane iikhalori ezaneleyo ukuze akhule kwaye akhule. Abanye abantwana bafuna iityhubhu zokondla.
• Umboneleli wakho womntwana unokubonelela ngomsebenzi okhuselekileyo kwaye osebenzayo kunye nesicwangciso somsebenzi.

AMAYEZA, UKUGQIBELA, KUNYE NEZIXHOBO

Umntwana wakho uya kudinga ukuthatha amayeza ukunyanga ukusilela kwentliziyo. Amayeza anyanga iimpawu kwaye athintela ukusilela kwentliziyo ekubeni mandundu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana wakho athathe nawaphi na amayeza njengoko kuyalelwa liqela lokhathalelo lwempilo.

La mayeza:

• Nceda impompo yemisipha yentliziyo ibengcono
• Gcina igazi ekunqandeni
• Vula imithambo yegazi okanye ucothise ukubetha kwentliziyo ukuze intliziyo ingasebenzi nzima
• Ukunciphisa umonakalo entliziyweni
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Ukuphelisa umzimba ogqithisileyo kunye netyuwa (isodiyam)
• Faka indawo ye potassium
• Thintela amahlwili egazi ekubumbeni

Umntwana wakho kufuneka athathe amayeza njengoko kuyalelwe. Sukuthatha nawaphi na amanye amayeza okanye amayeza ngaphandle kokubuza umboneleli ngawo. Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zenze ukusilela kwentliziyo ngakumbi zibandakanya:

• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• UNaproxen (uAleve, uNaprosyn)

Olu tyando nezixhobo zilandelayo zinokucetyiswa kwabanye abantwana abanesifo sentliziyo:

• Utyando ukulungisa iimpazamo zentliziyo ezahlukeneyo.
• Utyando lwevalvu yentliziyo.
• I-pacemaker inokukunceda ukunyanga ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukunceda omabini amacala ekontrakthi yentliziyo yomntwana wakho ngaxeshanye. I-pacemaker sisixhobo esincinci, esisebenza ngebhetri esifakwa phantsi kolusu esifubeni.
• Abantwana abanokusilela kwentliziyo banokuba semngciphekweni wokuziphatha okuyingozi kwentliziyo. Bahlala befumana isixhobo sokufakelwa esisibekiweyo.
• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kunokufuneka ukusilela kwentliziyo, kwinqanaba lokugqibela.

Iziphumo zexesha elide zixhomekeka kwinani lezinto. Oku kubandakanya:

• Zeziphi iintlobo zeziphene zentliziyo ezikhoyo nokuba zinokulungiswa na
• Ubunzima bawo nawuphi na umonakalo osisigxina kwintliziyo yesisu
• Ezinye iingxaki zempilo okanye zemfuza ezinokubakho

Rhoqo, ukusilela kwentliziyo kunokulawulwa ngokuthatha amayeza, ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, nokunyanga imeko ebangele oko.

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula:

• Ukwanda ukhohlokhohlo okanye phlegm
• Ukutyeba ngokukhawuleza okanye ukudumba
• Ukutya okungalunganga okanye ukutyeba okungathathi ntweni ngexesha
• Ubuthathaka
• Ezinye iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezingachazwanga

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ukufa
• Ngaba ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo nokungaqhelekanga (ngakumbi nezinye iimpawu)
• Uziva ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba

Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo - abantwana; Cor pulmonale - abantwana; I-Cardiomyopathy - abantwana; CHF - abantwana; Isiphene sentliziyo esibelekwe - ukusilela kwentliziyo ebantwaneni; Isifo sentliziyo seCyanotic - ukusilela kwentliziyo ebantwaneni; Isiphene sokuzalwa kwentliziyo-ukusilela kwentliziyo ebantwaneni

UAydin SI, uSiddiqi N, uJanson CM, et al. Ukusilela kwentliziyo yabantwana kunye ne-cardiomyopathies yabantwana. Ku: Ungerleider RM, Meliones JN, McMillian KN, Cooper DS, Jacobs JP, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo esibalulekileyo kwiintsana nasebantwaneni. Ngomhla wesi-3. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 72.

U-Bernstein D. Ukusilela kwentliziyo. Ku: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 442.

I-Starc TJ, iHayes CJ, iHordof AJ. Yentliziyo. Ku: Polin RA, Ditmar MF, ii-eds. Iimfihlo zabantwana. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 3.