Izitofu ze-covid-19

Amachiza e-COVID-19 asetyenziselwa ukukhulisa amajoni omzimba kunye nokukhusela kwi-COVID-19. Ezi zitofu sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunceda ukumisa ubhubhane we-COVID-19.

INDLELA ESEBENZA NGAYO IIVIVINYO ZE-19

Izitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 zikhusela abantu ekufumaneni i-COVID-19. Ezi zitofu "zifundisa" umzimba wakho indlela yokuzikhusela kwintsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2, ebangela i-COVID-19.

Amachiza okuqala e-COVID-19 avunyiweyo e-United States abizwa ngokuba zizitofu ze-mRNA. Zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye izitofu.

• Izitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 mRNA zisebenzisa i-RNA yomthunywa (mRNA) ukuxelela iiseli emzimbeni ngendlela emfutshane yokwenza isiqwengana esingenabungozi seproteni "spike" eyahlukileyo kwintsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2. Iiseli emva koko ziyilahle i-mRNA.
• Le "spike" protein ibangela impendulo yomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba wakho, yenza ii-antibodies ezikhusela kwi-COVID-19. Amajoni akho omzimba afunda ukuhlasela intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 ukuba ukhe wafunyanwa kuyo.
• Zimbini izitofu zeMRNA COVID-19 ezivunyiweyo ngoku ukuba zisetyenziswe eUnited States, iPfizer-BioNTech kunye neModerna COVID-19 zokugonya.

Isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 mRNA sinikwa njenge-inaliti (idutyulwe) engalweni ngeedosi ezi-2.

• Uya kufumana umpu wesibini malunga neeveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokudubula okokuqala. Kufuneka ufumane izithonga zombini ukuze isitofu sisebenze.
• Isitofu sokugonya asizukuqala ukukukhusela de kube malunga neveki enye ukuya kwezi-2 emva kokudubula kwesibini.
• Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abafumana zombini iifoto abayi kugula nge-COVID-19. Abo bosulelwe yintsholongwane baya kuba nosuleleko olunamandla.

VIRAL VECTOR IZITOFU

Ezi zitofu ziyasebenza ekukhuseleni i-COVID-19.

• Basebenzisa intsholongwane (vector) etshintshiwe ukuze ingabinakho ukwenzakalisa umzimba. Le ntsholongwane ithwala imiyalelo exelela iiseli zomzimba ukuba zenze i "spike" protein eyahlukileyo kwintsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2.
• Oku kubangela ukuba amajoni akho omzimba ahlasele intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 ukuba uthe wafunyanwa kuyo.
• Isitofu sokugonya se-vector asiyibangeli intsholongwane esetyenziswa njenge vector okanye nge-SARS-CoV-2 virus.
• Isitofu sokugonya i-Janssen COVID-19 (esiveliswe nguJohnson noJohnson) sisigonyo seyeza lesentsholongwane. Ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe eMelika. Ufuna ifoto enye kuphela ukuze ukhusele i-COVID-19.

Izitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 azinayo nayiphi na intsholongwane ephilayo, kwaye azinakukunika i-COVID-19. Azinakuze zichaphazele okanye ziphazamise ijini yakho (i-DNA).

Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu olufumana i-COVID-19 lukwakhulisa ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuyifumana kwakhona, akukho mntu waziyo ukuba luthabatha ixesha elingakanani eli gciwane. Le ntsholongwane inokubangela ukugula okanye ukufa kwaye inokudlulela nakwabanye abantu. Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya yindlela ekhuselekileyo ekukhuseleni intsholongwane kunokuthembela kugonyo ngenxa yosulelo.

Ezinye izitofu ziyenziwa ezisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukukhusela intsholongwane. Ukufumana ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo malunga nezinye izitofu eziphuhliswayo, yiya kwiZiko loLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC):

Izitofu zokugonya ezahlukileyo ze-COVID-19- www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html

Ukufumana ulwazi olunolwazi malunga nezitofu ze-COVID-19 ezivunyiweyo ukuba zisetyenziswe, nceda ubone iwebhusayithi ye-United States yokutya kunye noLawulo lweeDrug (FDA):

Amachiza e-COVID-19- www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines

IZIPHUMO EZIMANDLA ZEVACCINE

Ngelixa izitofu ze-COVID-19 azizukugula, zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezithile kunye neempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane. Oku kuqhelekile. Ezi mpawu luphawu lokuba umzimba wakho wenza izilwa-buhlungu ngokuchasene nentsholongwane. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Intlungu kunye nokudumba engalweni apho udubule khona
• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu ezivela kufotto zinokukwenza uzive ungalunganga ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuya kufuneka uthathe ikhefu emsebenzini okanye kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kodwa kufuneka zihambe zingadlulanga iintsuku ezimbalwa. Nokuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kusabalulekile ukufumana umpu wesibini. Naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyingozi kakhulu kunokuba zinokubangelwa sisifo esibi okanye ukufa okusuka kwi-COVID-19.

Ukuba iimpawu azihambi ngeentsuku ezimbalwa, okanye ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo, kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

NGUBANI ONOKUFUMANA IVANGCI

Okwangoku kukho unikezelo olunqongopheleyo lwesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19. Ngenxa yoku, i-CDC yenze izindululo kurhulumente nakwimimandla malunga nokuba ngubani ekufuneka efumene izitofu kuqala. Ngokuchanekileyo indlela isitofu sokugonywa esibekwa phambili nesasazwa ngayo kulawulo lwabantu siya kugqitywa ngurhulumente ngamnye. Buza kwisebe lakho lempilo likarhulumente kwingcaciso ekwindawo yakho.

Ezi ngcebiso ziya kunceda ukufezekisa iinjongo ezininzi:

• Ukunciphisa inani labantu ababulawa yintsholongwane
• Ukunciphisa inani labantu abagula yile ntsholongwane
• Nceda uluntu luqhubeke nokusebenza
• Ukunciphisa umthwalo kwinkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo nakubantu abachaphazeleke kakhulu yi-COVID-19

I-CDC icebisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya sikhutshwe ngokwezigaba.

Isigaba 1a sibandakanya amaqela okuqala abantu ekufuneka befumene isitofu sokugonya:

• Abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo-Oku kubandakanya nabanina onokuthi abonakale ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwizigulana ezine-COVID-19.
• Abahlali bamaziko onyango lwexesha elide, kuba ngabona basemngciphekweni wokufa ngenxa ye-COVID-19.

Isigaba 1b sibandakanya:

• Abasebenzi abaphambili abaphambili, njengabacimi-mlilo, amagosa asebupoliseni, ootitshala, abasebenzi bevenkile ethengisa ukutya, Abasebenzi bePosi baseMelika, abasebenzi bezothutho lukawonkewonke, kunye nabanye
• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu, kuba abantu kweli qela basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nokufa kwi-COVID-19

Isigaba 1c kubandakanya:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ukuya kuma-74 ubudala
• Abantu abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kuma-64 yeminyaka abaneemeko ezithile ezisisiseko zonyango kubandakanya umhlaza, i-COPD, i-Down syndrome, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukukhulelwa, ukutshaya, isifo seswekile kunye nesifo sesele
• Abanye abasebenzi ababalulekileyo, kubandakanya abantu abasebenza kwezothutho, inkonzo yokutya, impilo yoluntu, ulwakhiwo lwezindlu, ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nabanye

Njengokuba iyeza lokugonya lifumaneka ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu ngokubanzi luya kukwazi ukugonywa.

Unokufumana ngakumbi malunga neengcebiso malunga nokukhutshwa kweyeza lokugonya e-United States kwiwebhusayithi ye-CDC:

Iingcebiso zokukhutshwa kweNtsholongwane ye-CDC ye-COVID-19- www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html

UKHUSELEKO LWEVACCINE

Ukhuseleko lwezitofu zezona zinto ziphambili ngokubaluleka, kwaye izitofu ze-COVID-19 zidlulile kwimigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo ngaphambi kokuvunywa.

Amachiza e-COVID-19 asekwe kuphando nakwitekhnoloji esele ikho amashumi eminyaka. Ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane igcwele, amashumi amawaka abantu afundelwa ukubona ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani izitofu zokugonya kwaye zikhuseleke kangakanani. Oku kuncede ukuvumela ukuba izitofu ziphuhliswe, zivavanywe, zifundwe, kwaye zisetyenziselwe ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. Baqhubeka nokujongwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bakhuselekile kwaye bayasebenza.

Kukho iingxelo zabanye abantu abaye bafumana ukungahambelani nezinto zokugonya ezikhoyo. Ke kubalulekile ukuba ulandele amanyathelo athile:

• Ukuba ukhe waba neempendulo ezibukhali kuye nasiphi na isithako sokugonya se-COVID-19, akufuneki ufumane esinye sezitofu zangoku ze-COVID-19.
• Ukuba ukhe waphendula ngokukhawuleza (urticaria, ukudumba, ukuvutha) kuso nasiphi na isithako sokugonya se-COVID-19, akufuneki ufumane esinye sezitofu zangoku ze-COVID-19.
• Ukuba unesifo esibi okanye esinganyangekiyo emva kokufumana ifoto yokuqala yesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19, akufuneki ufumane umpu wesibini.

Ukuba ngaba une-allergical reaction, nokuba ayinabuzaza, kwezinye izitofu okanye iindlela zonyango ezinokutofa, kuya kufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba ungafumana isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunceda uthathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba kukhuselekile na kuwe ukuba ugonywe. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali kwizifo ezithile kunye ne-immunology ukubonelela ngononophelo okanye iingcebiso.

I-CDC icebisa ukuba abantu banokuphinda bagonywe ukuba banembali:

• Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu azinxulumene nezitofu zokugonya okanye amayeza anokufakwa inaliti-njengokutya, isilwanyana sasekhaya, ityhefu, okusingqongileyo, okanye i-latex allergies
• Ukunganyangeki kumayeza asemlonyeni okanye kwimbali yosapho yokungaziphathi kakuhle

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngokhuseleko lwe-COVID-19 ngokhuseleko, yiya kwiwebhusayithi ye-CDC:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-COVID-19 e-United States- www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety.html
• Ukhuselekile emva koVavanyo lweMpilo lokuGonya- www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/vsafe.html
• Ungenza ntoni ukuba une-Allergic Reaction emva kokufumana isitofu se-COVID-19 - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html

QHUBEKA UKUZIKHUSELA NAWE NABANYE KWI-COVID-19

Kwanasemva kokuba ufumene idosi yokugonya, uya kudinga ukuqhubeka unxiba imaski, uhlale ubuncinci iinyawo ezi-6 kude nabanye, kwaye uhlambe izandla rhoqo.

Iingcali zisafunda malunga nokuba izitofu ze-COVID-19 zikhusela njani, ke kufuneka siqhubeke nokwenza konke esinako ukunqanda ukusasazeka. Umzekelo, akwaziwa ukuba umntu ogonyiweyo angayisasaza na intsholongwane, nangona ekhuselekile kuyo.

Ngesi sizathu, de kube kwaziwa ngakumbi, ukusebenzisa izitofu kunye namanyathelo okukhusela abanye zezona ndlela zokuhlala ukhuselekile kwaye usempilweni.

Ugonyo lwe-COVID-19; Ukugonywa kwe-COVID-19; I-COVID-19 isibhamu; Ukugonywa kwe-COVID - 19; Ukugonywa kwe-COVID-19; I-COVID - 19 uthintelo - izitofu zokugonya; Iyeza lokugonya i-mRNA-COVID

• Isitofu se-covid-19

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Izibonelelo zokufumana isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 5, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iingcebiso zokukhutshwa kwesitofu sokugonya seCDC's COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 19, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Izitofu zokugonya ezahlukileyo ze-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMatshi 3, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ukuqwalaselwa kweklinikhi okwethutyana kusetyenziso lwezitofu ze-mRNA COVID-19 ezigunyazisiweyo e-United States. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 10, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iintsomi nenyani malunga nogonyo lwe-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 3, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ukuqonda ugonyo lwe vector COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/viralvector.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 2, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba unokungalunganga emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 25, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 3, 2021.