7 "Ityhefu" ekutyeni okuthe ngqo

Umxholo

• 1. Imifuno ecoliweyo kunye neeoyile zembewu
• 2. I-BPA
• 3. Amafutha eTrans
• 4. IPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• 5. ICoumarin eCassia Cinnamon
• 6. Yongezwe iSwekile
• 7. iMercury kwiNtlanzi
• Thatha uMyalezo waseKhaya

Usenokuba ukhe weva amabango okutya okuqhelekileyo okanye izithako ezithile zinetyhefu. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwala mabango aluxhaswanga yisayensi.

Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa ezinokuba yingozi, ngakumbi xa zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Nalu uluhlu lwezinto ezisi-7 “zetyhefu” ekutyeni ezichaphazela ngokwenene.

1. Imifuno ecoliweyo kunye neeoyile zembewu

Imifuno ecoliweyo- kunye neoyile yembewu kubandakanya umbona, ujongilanga, isaflower, imbotyi zesoya kunye neeoyile zekotoni.

Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, abantu babongozwa ukuba batshintshe amafutha agcweleyo kunye neoyile yemifuno ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nokunceda ukuthintela isifo sentliziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba ezi oyile zibangela ingozi xa zisetyenziswa kakhulu ().

Iioyile zemifuno ziimveliso ezicokisiswe kakhulu ezingenazondlo zibalulekileyo. Ngokuphathelene noku, ziikhalori "ezingenanto".

Ziphezulu kumafutha e-omega-6 e-polyunsaturated, aneebhondi ezininzi eziphindiweyo ezithanda ukonakala nokuba rancidity xa zivelisiwe kukukhanya okanye emoyeni.

Ezi oyile ziphezulu kakhulu kwi-omega-6 linoleic acid. Ngelixa ufuna i-asidi ye-linoleic acid, uninzi lwabantu namhlanje lutya kakhulu kunokuba luyifuna.

Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwabantu alutyi ngokwaneleyo i-omega-3 fatty acids ukugcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kwala mafutha.

Ngapha koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo utya ukuya kumaxesha ali-16 amafutha omega-6 njengamafutha e-omega-3, nangona umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo unokuba phakathi kuka-1: 1 no-3: 1 (2).

Ukufakwa okuphezulu kwe-linoleic acid kunokunyusa ukudumba, okunokonakalisa iiseli ze-endothelial ezifaka imithambo yakho kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo (,, 5).

Ukongeza, izifundo zezilwanyana zibonisa ukuba inokukhuthaza ukusasazeka komhlaza ukusuka kwiiseli zamabele ukuya kwezinye izicwili, kubandakanya nemiphunga (,).

Izifundo eziqwalaselweyo zafumanisa ukuba abasetyhini abafumana amanqatha aphezulu omega-6 kunye nokutya okuphantsi kwamafutha e-omega-3 babenomngcipheko omkhulu wama-87-92% wesifo somhlaza wamabele kunabo bafumana ukutya okungaphezulu (,).

Ngaphezu koko, ukupheka ngeoyile yemifuno kubi nangakumbi kunokuyisebenzisa kubushushu begumbi. Xa zivutha, zikhupha iikhompawundi eziyingozi ezinokonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, umhlaza kunye nezifo ezitshisayo (10,).

Nangona ubungqina obukwioyile yemifuno buxubekile, izilingo ezininzi ezilawulwayo zibonisa ukuba ziyingozi.

Inkqubo yeoyile yemifuno kunye nembewu iqulethe amafutha omega-6. Uninzi lwabantu lutya kakhulu la mafutha sele enokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezininzi.

2. I-BPA

IBisphenol-A (BPA) yikhemikhali efumaneka kwizikhongozeli zeplastikhi zokutya okuxhaphakileyo kunye neziselo.

Owona mthombo wokutya ungamanzi asebhotileni, ukutya okuhlanganisiweyo kunye nezinto ezinamathanga, ezinje ngeentlanzi, inkukhu, iimbotyi kunye nemifuno.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-BPA inokukhupha ngaphandle kwezi zikhongozeli nakukutya okanye isiselo ().

Abaphandi baxele ukuba imithombo yokutya yenza igalelo elikhulu kumanqanaba e-BPA emzimbeni, anokumiselwa ngokulinganisa i-BPA kumchamo ().

Olunye uphononongo lufumene i-BPA kwiisampulu zokutya ezingama-63 kwezili-105, kubandakanya ne-turkey entsha kunye nefomula yeentsana ezisemathinini.

I-BPA ikholelwa ukuba ilingisa i-estrogen ngokuzibophelela kwiindawo ze-receptor ezazenzelwe i-hormone. Oku kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesiqhelo ().

Umda wemihla ngemihla we-BPA yi-23 mcg / lb (50 mcg / kg) yobunzima bomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezizimeleyo ezingama-40 zixele ukuba iziphumo ezibi zenzekile kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwalo mda kwizilwanyana ().

Ngaphezulu, ngelixa zonke izifundo ezixhaswe ngemali zeshishini ezili-11 zifumene ukuba i-BPA ayinaziphumo, ngaphezulu kwe-100 yezifundo ezizimeleyo ezifumanise ukuba ziyingozi ().

Izifundo kwizilwanyana ezikhulelweyo zibonise ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwe-BPA kukhokelela kwiingxaki ngokuzala kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko webele kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza kwisibeleko esikhulayo (,,,).

Olunye uphononongo lokujonga luye lwafumanisa ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu e-BPA ayanyaniswa nokungachumi, ukumelana ne-insulin, uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu (,,,).

Iziphumo ezivela kwisifundo esinye zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqanaba aphezulu e-BPA kunye ne-polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). I-PCOS kukuphazamiseka kokuchasana ne-insulin okubonakaliswa ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-androgens, anje nge testosterone ().

Uphando luye lwadibanisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-BPA kutshintsho kwimveliso yehomoni yedlala kunye nomsebenzi. Oku kubangelwa yikhemikhali ebopha kwi-thyroid receptors, efana nokusebenzisana kwayo ne-estrogen receptors (,).

Ungakunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-BPA ngokujonga iibhotile ezingenazixhobo ze-BPA kunye nezikhongozeli, kunye nokutya ukutya okupheleleyo okungapheliswanga.

Kwisifundo esinye, iintsapho ezithathe indawo yokutya okuphekiweyo kunye nokutya okutsha kweentsuku ezi-3 zafumana ukuncitshiswa kweepesenti ezingama-66 kumanqanaba e-BPA kumchamo wazo, ngokomndilili ().

Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-BPA apha: Yintoni i-BPA kwaye Kutheni kukubi kuwe?

I-BPA yikhemikhali efumaneka rhoqo kwiplastiki kunye nezinto ezinamathanga. Inokonyusa umngcipheko wokungachumi, ukumelana ne-insulin kunye nezifo.

3. Amafutha eTrans

Amafutha eTrans ngamafutha angenampilo onokuwatya.

Zenziwe ngokupompa i-hydrogen kwiioyile ezingafakwanga ukuze zijike zibe ngamanqatha aqinileyo.

Umzimba wakho awuqapheli okanye uqhubekise amafutha ngendlela efanayo njengamafutha avele ngokwendalo.

Ayothusi into yokuba ukuzitya kungakhokelela kwinani leengxaki zempilo ().

Izifundo zezilwanyana kunye nokujonga ziye zabonisa kaninzi ukuba ukuhambisa okunamafutha kubangela ukudumba kunye neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yentliziyo (,, 31).

Abaphandi abajonga idatha evela kubafazi abayi-730 bafumanise ukuba abamakishi abachasayo babephezulu kwabo batya awona mafutha e-trans, kubandakanya ne-73% yamanqanaba aphezulu e-CRP, owona mngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo (31).

Izifundo ezilawulwayo ebantwini ziqinisekisile ukuba amafutha atshintshayo akhokelela kukudumba, okunefuthe elibi kwimpilo yentliziyo. Oku kubandakanya ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemithambo ukuze ihlale kakuhle kwaye igcine igazi lijikeleza (,,,).

Kwisifundo esinye kujongwa iziphumo zamanqatha ahlukeneyo kumadoda asempilweni, ngamafutha kuphela akonyusa umakishi owaziwa ngokuba yi-e-selectin, owenziwe ngamanye amakishayo kwaye adala umonakalo kwiiseli ezingqonge imithambo yegazi ().

Ukongeza kwisifo sentliziyo, ukudumba okungapheliyo yingcambu yezinye iimeko ezinzulu, ezinje ngokunyanzelwa kwe-insulin, uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu (,,,).

Ubungqina obukhoyo buxhasa ukuthintela amafutha okuhambisa kangangoko kunye nokusebenzisa amafutha asempilweni endaweni yoko.

Izifundo ezininzi zifumanise ukuba amafutha atshintshayo avutha kakhulu kwaye anyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nezinye iimeko.

4. IPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Inyama ebomvu ngumthombo omkhulu weprotein, i-iron kunye nezinye izakha mzimba ezibalulekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, inokukhupha iimveliso ezinetyhefu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ngexesha leendlela ezithile zokupheka.

Xa inyama yosiwe okanye itshayiwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amanqatha athontsiza kwindawo zokupheka ezishushu, ezithi zivelise ii-PAH ezingazinzanga ezinokungena enyameni. Ukutshiswa kwamalahle okungagqitywanga kunokubangela ukuba ii-PAHs zenze ().

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ii-PAH zinetyhefu kwaye zinokubangela umhlaza (,).

Ii-PAH zinxulunyaniswe nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza webele kunye neprostate kwizifundo ezininzi zokujonga, nangona izakhi zofuzo nazo zidlala indima (,,,,).

Ukongeza, abaphandi baye baxela ukuba ukufakwa okuphezulu kwe-PAHs kwizilwanyana ezigcadiweyo kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wezintso. Kwakhona, oku kubonakala ngathi kuxhomekeke kwimfuza, kunye nemingcipheko eyongezelelweyo, njengokutshaya (,).

Umbutho owomeleleyo ubonakala ngathi uphakathi kwenyama eyosiweyo kunye nomhlaza womgudu wokugaya, ngakumbi umhlaza wekolon (,).

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu nxibelelwano nomhlaza wekolon lubonwe kuphela kwinyama ebomvu, enje ngenkomo, inyama yehagu, imvana kunye ne-veal. Iinkuku, ezinjengeenkukhu, zibonakala ngathi zinempembelelo engathathi cala okanye ekhuselayo kumngcipheko womhlaza wekolon (,,).

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba xa i-calcium yongezwa kwizidlo eziphezulu kwinyama ephilisiweyo, amanqaku eempawu ezibangela umhlaza anciphile kwizilwanyana nakwilindle lomntu ().

Nangona kungcono ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokupheka, ungazinciphisa ii-PAHs kangange-41-89% xa usosa ngokunciphisa umsi kwaye ususe ngokukhawuleza ukukhupha ().

Ukugrumba okanye ukutshaya inyama ebomvu kuvelisa ii-PAHs, ezinxulunyaniswe nomngcipheko owandayo womhlaza, ngakumbi umhlaza wekolon.

5. ICoumarin eCassia Cinnamon

ICinnamon inokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanya iswekile esezantsi yegazi kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol kubantu abane-2 yeswekile ().

Nangona kunjalo, isinamon ikwanayo nekhompawundi ebizwa ngokuba yi-coumarin, enetyhefu xa isetyenziswa kakhulu.

Iindidi ezimbini zesinamoni zixhaphakile eCassia naseCeylon.

Isinamoni yeCeylon ivela kwixolo elingaphakathi lomthi eSri Lanka eyaziwa njenge ICinnamomum zeylanicum. Ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa kuyo njenge “sinamon eyiyo.”

ICassia cinnamon ivela kwixolo lomthi owaziwa njenge Icinnamomum ikasiya ekhula e-China. Ixabisa kancinci kuneCeylon cinnamon kwaye iakhawunti malunga ne-90% yesinamoni engeniswe e-US naseYurophu ().

ICassia cinnamon iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-coumarin, enxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owandayo womhlaza kunye nokonakaliswa kwesibindi kwiidosi eziphezulu (,).

Umda wokhuseleko lwe-coumarin ekutyeni yi-0.9 mg / lb (2 mg / kg) ().

Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lufumene iimpahla ezibhakiweyo zesinamon kunye nee-cereals eziqulethe i-avareji ye-4 mg / lb (9 mg / kg) yokutya, kunye nohlobo olunye lwee-cookies zesinamon eziqulethe i-40 mg / lb (88 mg / kg) () .

Ngaphezu koko, akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi ukuba yimalini i-coumarin ekwisixa sesinamon ngaphandle kokuyivavanya.

Abaphandi baseJamani abahlalutye i-cassia cinnamon powders eyahlukeneyo yafumanisa ukuba umxholo wecoumarin wahluka kakhulu phakathi kweesampulu ().

Ukutya okunyamezelwayo kwemihla ngemihla (i-TDI) ye-coumarin isetelwe kwi-0.45 mg / lb (1 mg / kg) yobunzima bomzimba kwaye yayisekwe kwizifundo zezilwanyana zetyhefu yesibindi.

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo olwenziwe kwi-coumarin ebantwini lufumanise ukuba abantu abathile banokuba sengozini yomonakalo wesibindi nakweedosi ezisezantsi ().

Ngelixa iCeylon sinamon iqulethe i-coumarin encinci kakhulu kune-cassia cinnamon kwaye inokudliwa ngokukhululekileyo, ayifumaneki ngokubanzi. Uninzi lwesinamoni kwiivenkile ezinkulu zii-coumarin cassia ezahlukeneyo.

Oko kuthethiweyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokutya ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiigram ezi-2 (0.5-1 itispuni) yekasiya isinamoni ngosuku. Ngapha koko, uphononongo oluninzi lusebenzise amatyeli amathathu le mali ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi ezichaziweyo ().

ICassia cinnamon iqulethe i-coumarin, enokuthi inyuse umngcipheko wokonakaliswa kwesibindi okanye umhlaza ukuba ityiwe kakhulu.

6. Yongezwe iSwekile

Iswekile kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa ene-high-fructose zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "ziikhalori ezingenanto." Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo eziyingozi zeswekile ziya ngaphaya koko.

Iswekile iphezulu kwi-fructose, kunye nokutya okungaphezulu kwe-fructose kunxulunyaniswe neemeko ezininzi ezinzulu, kubandakanya ukutyeba kakhulu, uhlobo lweswekile 2, isifo se-metabolic kunye nesifo esinamafutha esibindi (,,,,,).

Iswekile engaphezulu ikwanxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wamabele kunye nekholon. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yesiphumo sayo kwiswekile yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-insulin, anokuqhuba ukukhula kwethumba (, 69).

Olunye uphononongo lokujonga ngaphezulu kwabasetyhini abangama-35,000 bafumanisa ukuba abo baneswekile ephezulu bathathe umngcipheko ophindwe kabini wokuba nomhlaza wekolon njengabo batya izidlo ezisezantsi kwiswekile ().

Ngelixa amanani amancinci eswekile engenabungozi kubantu abaninzi, abanye abantu abakwazi ukuyeka emva kwesixa esincinci. Ngapha koko, banokuqhutywa ukuba batye iswekile ngendlela efanayo nabo banyanzelekileyo ukuba banyanzele ukuba basele utywala okanye basebenzise iziyobisi.

Abanye abaphandi bathi oku kubangelwa siswekile yokukhupha i-dopamine, i-neurotransmitter kwingqondo evuselela indlela yomvuzo (,,).

Ukutya kakhulu iishukela ezongeziweyo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wezifo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukutyeba kakhulu, isifo sentliziyo, uhlobo lweswekile 2 kunye nomhlaza.

7. iMercury kwiNtlanzi

Uninzi lweentlanzi zisempilweni kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezithile ziqukethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-mercury, ityhefu eyaziwayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kokutya kwaselwandle lelona galelo likhulu ekuqokeleleni imekyuri ebantwini.

Esi sisiphumo seekhemikhali esisebenza ngendlela yaso yokunyuka kokutya elwandle ().

Izityalo ezikhula emanzini angcolileyo e-mercury zityiwa ziintlanzi ezincinci, emva koko zityiwe ziintlanzi ezinkulu. Ixesha elingaphezulu, i-mercury iqokelela emizimbeni yeentlanzi ezinkulu, ezigqitywa kutyiwa ngabantu.

E-US nase-Yuropu, ukumisela ukuba abantu bafumana iintlanzi ezingakanani kwintlanzi kunzima. Oku kungenxa yemixholo ebanzi ye-mercury yeentlanzi ezahlukeneyo ().

I-Mercury yi-neurotoxin, ethetha ukuba inokonakalisa ingqondo kunye ne-nerves. Abafazi abakhulelweyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu, kuba imekyuri inokuchaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo yomntwana engekazalwa kunye nenkqubo yeemvakalelo (,).

Uhlalutyo luka-2014 lufumanise ukuba kumazwe aliqela, amanqanaba e-mercury ezinweleni nasegazini labasetyhini nasebantwaneni ayephakame kakhulu kunokuba uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ucebisa, ngakumbi kwimimandla eselunxwemeni nakwimigodi ekufutshane ().

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba inani lemekyuri lahluka kakhulu phakathi kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zetyhuna enkonkxiweyo. Kufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-55 zeesampulu zingaphezulu kwe-0.5 ppm ye-EPA (iinxalenye kwisigidi) somda wokhuseleko ().

Ezinye iintlanzi, ezinje nge-king mackerel kunye ne-swordfish, ziphezulu kakhulu kwi-mercury kwaye kufuneka zithintelwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukutya ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi kusacetyiswa kuba banezibonelelo ezininzi zempilo ().

Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kwe-mercury, khetha ukutya kwaselwandle kwinqanaba "le-mercury ephantsi" kuloluhlu.Ngethamsanqa, udidi lwe-mercury esezantsi lubandakanya ezona ntlanzi ziphezulu kumafutha e-omega-3, anje nge salmon, herring, sardines kunye nee anchovies.

Izibonelelo zokutya ezi ntlanzi zityebileyo ze-omega-3 zigqithile kwiziphumo ezibi zexabiso elincinci le-mercury.

Iintlanzi ezithile zinamanqanaba aphezulu e-mercury. Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zempilo zokutya iintlanzi ezisezantsi ze-mercury zibaluleke kakhulu kunobungozi.

Thatha uMyalezo waseKhaya

Amabango amaninzi malunga neziphumo eziyingozi zokutya "ityhefu" ayixhaswanga yisayensi.

Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto ezinokuba yingozi, ngakumbi kwixabiso eliphezulu.

Oko kuthethiweyo, ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kwezi khemikhali ziyingozi kunye nezithako kulula ngokulula.

Misela umda ekusebenziseni kwakho ezi mveliso kwaye unamathele kokutya okupheleleyo, kokutya okukodwa njengoko kunokwenzeka.