IGlutamine: Izibonelelo, ukusetyenziswa kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Umxholo

• Yintoni iGlutamine?
• Itholakala kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya
• Kubalulekile ukuba amajoni omzimba
• Idlala indima kwiMpilo yamathumbu
• Iziphumo zokuZuza kwezihlunu kunye nokuSebenza koMthambo
• Isisombululo, ukhuseleko kunye neempembelelo zecala
• Umgca osezantsi

I-Glutamine yi-amino acid ebalulekileyo enemisebenzi emininzi emzimbeni.

Yibhloko yokwakha yeprotheni kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ngaphezulu, i-glutamine inendima ekhethekileyo kwimpilo yamathumbu.

Umzimba wakho ngokwendalo uvelisa le-amino acid, kwaye ikwafumaneka kukutya okuninzi. Nangona kunjalo, unokungaqiniseki ukuba ufuna i-glutamine eyongezelelweyo kwizongezo zempilo efanelekileyo.

Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba kutheni i-glutamine ibalulekile kwaye lixoxa ngezibonelelo kunye nokhuseleko lwezibonelelo zegutamine.

Yintoni iGlutamine?

IGlutamine yiasidi yeamino. Ii-amino acid ziimolekyuli ezidlala indima enkulu emzimbeni.

Eyona njongo yabo iphambili kukusebenza njengeebhloko zokwakha iiproteni.

Iiproteni zibalulekile kumalungu. Zikwasebenza neminye imisebenzi, njengokuhambisa izinto egazini kunye nokulwa neentsholongwane ezinobungozi kunye neentsholongwane (1).

Njengazo zonke ii-amino acid, ikho ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: L-glutamine kunye ne-D-glutamine.

Ziyafana kodwa zinolungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo lweemolekyuli ().

Ifom efumaneka kukutya nakwizongezo yi-L-glutamine. Ezinye izongezo ziluluhlu njenge-L-glutamine, kodwa abanye basebenzisa nje igama elibanzi le-glutamine.

Ngelixa i-L-glutamine isetyenziselwa ukwenza iiproteni kunye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi, i-D-glutamine ibonakala ngathi ayibalulekanga kwizinto eziphilayo (,).

I-L-glutamine inokuveliswa ngokwendalo emzimbeni wakho. Ngapha koko, yeyona asidi ininzi egazini kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba (,).

Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho iimfuno ze-glutamine zomzimba wakho zikhulu ngakumbi kunokubanakho ukuvelisa ().

Ke ngoko, ithathwa njenge-amino acid enemiqathango, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ifumaneke ekudleni phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezinje ngokulimala okanye ukugula (8).

Kwakhona, i-glutamine yimolekyuli ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nempilo yamathumbu ().

Isishwankathelo I-Glutamine yi-amino acid ebalulekileyo. I-L-glutamine yifom efumaneka kukutya, izongezo kunye nomzimba womntu. Inxalenye yeeproteni emzimbeni wakho kwaye iyabandakanyeka ekusebenzeni komzimba nakwimpilo yamathumbu.

Itholakala kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya

IGlutamine ifunyanwa ngokwendalo kukutya okwahlukeneyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukutya okuqhelekileyo kune-3 ukuya kwi-6 yeegram ngosuku, kodwa oku kuyahluka ngokuya kwindlela otya ngayo (10).

Ezona zixa zininzi zifumaneka kwiimveliso zezilwanyana ngenxa yemixholo yazo ephezulu yeeprotheyini.

Nangona kunjalo, okunye ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo kunepesenti enkulu kwiproteni yazo.

Olunye uphononongo lusebenzise ubuchule beelebhu eziphambili ukumisela ukuba ingakanani i-L-glutamine efumaneka kukutya okuhlukeneyo ().

Oku kulandelayo yipesenti yeeprotheyini ezenziwe nge-L-glutamine kukutya ngakunye:

• Amaqanda: 4.4% (0.6 g kwi-100 g yamaqanda)
• Inyama yenkomo: 4.8% (1.2 g nge-100 g yenkomo)
• Ibisi elingenanqathe: 8.1% (0.3 g kwi-100 g yobisi)
• Tofu: 9.1% (0.6 g kwi-100 g ye-tofu)
• Irayisi emhlophe: 11.1% (0.3 g kwi-100 g yerayisi)
• Umbona: 16.2% (0.4 g nge-100 g yengqolowa)

Nangona eminye imithombo yezityalo, enje ngerayisi emhlophe kunye nombona, inepesenti enkulu yeeprotheyini ezenziwe nge-glutamine, zinomxholo weeprotheyini ezisezantsi ngokufanelekileyo (,,).

Ke, inyama kunye nezinye iimveliso zezilwanyana zezona ndlela zilula zokufumana izixa eziphezulu.

Ngelishwa, owona mxholo we-glutamine wokutya okhethekileyo awufundiswanga.

Nangona kunjalo, kuba i-glutamine yinxalenye eyimfuneko yeeproteni, phantse nakuphi na ukutya okune-protein kuya kuba ne-glutamine.

Ukugxila ekufumaneni iiproteni ezaneleyo kwisidlo sakho ngokubanzi yindlela elula yokunyusa inani le-glutamine oyisebenzisayo.

Isishwankathelo

Phantse nakuphi na ukutya okuneeprotein kuya kuba ne-glutamine, kodwa amaxabiso ayahluka. Ukutya kwezilwanyana yimithombo elungileyo ngenxa yeziqulatho zeproteni. Ukufumana iiprotheyini ezaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho kunokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ngokwaneleyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba amajoni omzimba

Omnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yegutamine yindima yayo kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu weeseli zomzimba, kubandakanya iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeseli ezithile zamathumbu ().

Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba egazi ayo anokuhla ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu, ukutshiswa okanye utyando (,).

Ukuba isidingo somzimba se-glutamine sikhulu kunesakhono sokuyivelisa, umzimba wakho unokuqhekeza iivenkile zeprotein, ezinjengezihlunu, ukukhupha ngaphezulu kwale amino acid (17,).

Ukongeza, umsebenzi wamajoni omzimba unokuphazamiseka xa inani elaneleyo le-glutamine likho (17,).

Ngezi zizathu, ukutya okuneprotein ephezulu, ukutya okune-glutamine okanye izongezo ze-glutamine zihlala zichazwa emva kokonzakala okukhulu njengokutsha (17).

Izifundo ziye zaxela ukuba izongezo ze-glutamine zinokuphucula impilo, zinciphise usulelo kwaye zikhokelele kukuhlala esibhedlele okufutshane emva kotyando (,).

Ngaphezu koko, babonakalisiwe ukuba baphucule ukusinda kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zonyango kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu (,).

Olunye uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba izongezo ze-glutamine zinokunyusa nokusebenza komzimba kwizilwanyana ezosuleleke yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane (,).

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nkxaso yomeleleyo yezibonelelo kubantu abadala abasempilweni, kwaye iimfuno zala bantu zinokuhlangatyezwa ngokutya kunye nemveliso yendalo yomzimba ().

Isishwankathelo IGlutamine idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni komzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokugula okanye lokwenzakala, umzimba awunako ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo. Izongezo zeGlutamine zinokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza komzimba kunye nokugcina iivenkile zeprotein emzimbeni.

Idlala indima kwiMpilo yamathumbu

Izibonelelo zomzimba zeGlutamine zinxulumene nendima yayo kwimpilo yamathumbu.

Emzimbeni womntu, amathumbu athathwa njengeyona nxalenye inkulu yamajoni omzimba.

Kungenxa yeeseli ezininzi zamathumbu ezinemisebenzi yokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye nezigidigidi zebhaktheriya ezihlala emathunjini akho kwaye zichaphazela impilo yakho yomzimba ().

IGlutamine ngumthombo wamandla obalulekileyo kwiiseli zamathumbu kunye namajoni omzimba (,).

Kuyanceda ukugcina umqobo phakathi ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho kunye nawo wonke umzimba wakho, ngaloo ndlela ukhusela ngokuchasene namathumbu avuzayo (,).

Oku kuthintela ibhaktheriya eyingozi okanye ityhefu ekuhambeni emathunjini akho iye kumzimba wakho uphela ().

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kweeseli emathunjini (,).

Ngenxa yendima ephambili yamathumbu kwi-immune system, i-glutamine inokunceda impilo yakho yomzimba ngokuxhasa iiseli zamathumbu (,).

Isishwankathelo Amathumbu akho yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. IGlutamine ngumthombo wamandla kwiiseli zamathumbu kunye namajoni omzimba. Kuyanceda ukugcina umqobo phakathi kwamathumbu kunye nawo wonke umzimba kunye nezinto ezincedisayo ngokukhula kakuhle kweeseli zamathumbu.

Iziphumo zokuZuza kwezihlunu kunye nokuSebenza koMthambo

Ngenxa yendima yayo njengebhloko yokwakha iproteni, abanye abaphandi bavavanye ukuba ngaba ukuthatha i-glutamine njengesongezelelo kuphucula ukuzuza kwemisipha okanye ukwenza umthambo.

Kwisifundo esinye, abantu abangama-31 bathathe i-glutamine okanye i-placebo kwiiveki ezintandathu zoqeqesho lobunzima ().

Ukuphela kophononongo, omabini la maqela abonise ukuphuculwa kobunzima bemisipha kunye namandla. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho mahluko phakathi kwala maqela mabini.

Izifundo ezongeziweyo zikwabonakalisile ukuba azinampembelelo kubunzima bemisipha okanye kwintsebenzo (,).

Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthile luxele ukuba izongezo ze-glutamine zinokunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwemisipha kunye nokuphucula ukubuyisela emva kokuzivocavoca ngamandla ().

Ngapha koko, olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba i-glutamine okanye i-glutamine kunye nee-carbohydrate zinokunceda ukunciphisa uphawu lwegazi lokudinwa ngexesha leeyure ezimbini zokubaleka ().

Ikwayasetyenziselwa ukuzama ukukhulisa amandla omzimba kwiimbaleki, kodwa iziphumo ziyahluka (,,).

Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba aluzange luphucule ukubuyiswa kwevenkile ze-carbohydrate (glycogen) kwimisipha xa idityaniswa kwiicarbohydrate kunye neeamino acid ezithile).

Ekugqibeleni, abukho ubungqina bokuba ezi zongezelelo zibonelela ngezibonelelo zokufumana izihlunu okanye ukomelela. Kukho inkxaso encinci yeminye imiphumo, kodwa uphando olungakumbi lufunekayo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimbaleki ezininzi zinokutya okuphezulu kweprotein kwizidlo zazo eziqhelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokutya izixa ezikhulu zegutamine nangaphandle kokuxhaswa ().

Isishwankathelo Kukho inkxaso encinci ekusebenziseni izongezo ze-glutamine zokufumana izihlunu okanye ukusebenza kwamandla. Nangona kunjalo, banokunciphisa ukudinwa okanye ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwemisipha ngexesha nasemva kokuzilolonga.

Isisombululo, ukhuseleko kunye neempembelelo zecala

Kuba i-glutamine yi-amino acid eveliswa ngokwendalo emzimbeni kwaye ifumaneka kukutya okuninzi, akukho nkxalabo yokuba iyingozi kubungakanani obuqhelekileyo.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukutya okuqhelekileyo kunokuqulatha i-3 ukuya kwi-6 yeegramu ngosuku, nangona le mali ingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiindidi kunye nobungakanani bokutya okutyiweyo (10).

Izifundo kwizongezo ze-glutamine zisebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyo zedosi, ukusuka kwi-5 yeegram ngosuku ukuya kuthi ga kwiidosi eziphezulu ezimalunga ne-45 yeegram ngosuku iiveki ezintandathu ().

Nangona kungekho miphumo emibi echazwe ngale ndlela ephezulu, iimpawu zokukhusela igazi azizange zihlolwe ngokukodwa.

Olunye uphononongo luxele ukukhathazeka okuncinci malunga nokuxhaswa kwexesha elifutshane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14 yeegram ngosuku ().

Ngokubanzi, kukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwezibonelelo kunokwenzeka ukuba kukhuselekile. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izazinzulu ziye zaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo okuzinzileyo ().

Ukongeza i-glutamine kwisidlo esiqhelekileyo kunokubangela utshintsho olwahlukileyo kwindlela umzimba obamba ngayo kunye neenkqubo ze-amino acid. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zexesha elide zolu tshintsho aziwa ().

Ke ngoko, ulwazi oluthe kratya luyafuneka malunga nokongezwa kwexesha elide, ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa idosi ephezulu.

Kungenzeka ukuba izongezo ze-glutamine zingenakuba neziphumo ezifanayo ukuba utya ukutya okusekwe kwizilwanyana, ukutya okuneprotheyini ephezulu, xa kuthelekiswa nokutya okusekwe kwizityalo, ukutya okuneprotein ephantsi.

Ukuba ulandela ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo kunye nomxholo we-glutamine esezantsi, unokufumana ukutya izihlomelo ngelixa ufumana isixa semihla ngemihla sayo yonke.

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuthatha isongezelelo se-glutamine, kuya kuba ngcono ukuqala ngethamo lokugcina eline-5 yeegram ngosuku.

Isishwankathelo Ukungeniswa kwe-glutamine efumaneka kukutya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwezincedisi, kukhuselekile. Nangona kunjalo, izongezo ze-glutamine zinokuchaphazela indlela umzimba wakho owenza ngayo ii-amino acid. Izifundo ezingaphezulu ekusebenziseni kwazo ixesha elide ziyafuneka.

Umgca osezantsi

I-Glutamine yi-amino acid ekhoyo ngeendlela ezimbini: L-glutamine kunye ne-D-glutamine.

I-L-glutamine yeyona fomu ibalulekileyo, eveliswa ngokwendalo emzimbeni kwaye ifumaneka kukutya okuninzi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukutya okuqhelekileyo kune-3 ukuya kwi-6 yeegramu ngosuku.

Inika ipetroli yamaseli omzimba kunye namathumbu kwaye inceda ukugcina unxibelelwano emathunjini lomelele.

Ngamaxesha apho umzimba wakho ungenako ukuvelisa izixa ezifanelekileyo, ezinje ngexesha lokwenzakala okanye ukugula kakhulu, ukongeza kuyo kunokuba luncedo kwimpilo yakho yomzimba kunye nokuchacha.

IGlutamine iphinda isetyenziswe njengesongezelelo kwezemidlalo, kodwa uninzi lophando alukuxhasi ukusebenza kwayo.

Ukuxhasa kubonakala kukhuselekile kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa uphando oluninzi luyafuneka kwiziphumo zalo zexesha elide.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isongezelelo se-glutamine, jonga ukuba ngaba isizathu sokuyithatha sixhaswa bubungqina obukhoyo ngoku.