Ukucinga okungacacanga: Into ekuyiyo, Kutheni siyifuna, kunye nexesha lokuyifaka kwakhona

Umxholo

• Abstract vs ikhonkrithi ukucinga
• Ngaba siwakhulisa njani amandla okucinga ngokungaqondakaliyo?
• Ukuqiqa okungabonakaliyo esikolweni
• Izibonelelo zokucinga okungafunekiyo
• Ungakuphucula njani ukucinga okungabonakaliyo
• Iimeko ezinokuthi zinciphise ukuqiqa okungacacanga
• Xa ukucinga okungaqondakaliyo kungeloncedo
• Ukuthatha

Namhlanje sithanda kakhulu idatha. Iingcali kuwo onke amashishini zifumana iindlela ezinobuchule zokulinganisa kunye nokubonisa izigidi zeedatha zedatha yonke imihla.

Kodwa idatha ayinantsingiselo ngaphandle kokuba umntu angajonga amanani, abone iipateni, ahlalutye ukuba zithetha ntoni ezi patheni, kwaye aphuhlise amabali ukuze azicacisele wonke umntu.

Umahluko phakathi kokuqokelela idatha kunye nokuqonda intsingiselo yayo ngumahluko phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nokucinga okungabonakaliyo.

Ukucinga okungabambekiyo kukukwazi ukuqonda iikhonsepthi eziyinyani, ezinjengenkululeko okanye ukuba sesichengeni, kodwa ezingadibani ngqo nezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo kunye namava.

Ukucinga okungafunekiyo kukukwazi ukufumana ulwazi olusuka kwiimvakalelo zethu nokwenza unxibelelwano kwihlabathi elibanzi.

Umzekelo omkhulu wokucinga okungaqondakaliyo emsebenzini kukuhlekisa. Abahlekisi ziingcali kwiingcinga ezingaqondakaliyo. Bajonge ihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Bafumanisa ukungahambi kakuhle, ukungaqondi kunye nokucaphuka. Kwaye bakha iziqhulo kunxibelelwano olungalindelekanga.

Ukucinga okungafunekiyo kuthathwa njengobuchule bokuqiqa obuphezulu. Uyisebenzisa xa:

• yenza izinto
• thetha ngokomzekeliso
• ukusombulula iingxaki
• qonda iingqiqo
• Hlalutya iimeko
• fomathiyori
• beka izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo

Abstract vs ikhonkrithi ukucinga

Ukucinga okungafunekiyo kuhlala kuchazwa ecaleni kwento echaseneyo: ukucinga okwenziwa ngekhonkrithi. Ukucinga okuphathekayo kudityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kwizinto kunye namava anokubonwa ngokuthe ngqo.

Umzekelo womsebenzi obandakanya ukucinga okwenziwa ngekhonkrithi ukwaphula iprojekthi ngokwamanqanaba athile, ngokulandelelana kwawo. Umsebenzi wokucinga ongaqondakaliyo kukuqonda izizathu zokuba kutheni le projekthi ibalulekile.

Uninzi lwethu kufuneka lusebenzise umxube wekhonkrithi kunye nokucinga okungabonakaliyo ukuze usebenze kakuhle kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ngaba siwakhulisa njani amandla okucinga ngokungaqondakaliyo?

Izakhono zokucinga ezikhulayo zikhula njengoko sikhula kwaye sikhula. Isazi ngengqondo waseSwitzerland uJean Piaget ucacise indlela ubuchule bokucinga babantwana obutshintsha ngayo njengoko bekhula.

UPiaget uthe ukusukela ekuzalweni kude kube kubudala beminyaka emi-2, abantwana kunye nabantwana abasabhadlayo ngokubanzi bacinga ngokugqibeleleyo. Bajonga kwaye baphonononge ilizwe elibangqongileyo besebenzisa izivamvo ezintlanu kunye nezakhono zemoto.

Jonga i-Cheerio emgangathweni, uyiqinise ngeminwe yakho, kwaye uyibeke emlonyeni wakho. Thatha isigqibo sokuba uyayithanda. Phinda inkqubo.

Ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-7, abantwana bakhulisa amandla okucinga ngokufuziselayo, anokuba sisiseko sokucinga okungafunekiyo. Bafunda ukuba iisimboli ezinjengeeleta, imifanekiso, kunye nezandi zinokumela izinto zokwenyani kwilizwe lokwenyani.

Ukusukela kwiminyaka yobudala esi-7 kude kube li-11, abantwana bakhulisa ingqiqo esengqiqweni, kodwa indlela yabo yokucinga ihlala ikhonkrithi-ibotshelelwe koko bakubonayo ngokuthe ngqo.

Ngamaxesha athile xa ujikeleze iminyaka eli-12 kwaye uqhubeka ube mdala, uninzi lwabantu lwakha kwisiseko sabo sokuqiqa kwaye bandise ekucingeni ngokungaqondakaliyo.

Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukukhulisa amandla okuzibeka ezicathulweni zabanye abantu (ukusebenzisa isikweko sokucinga esingaqondakaliyo), ukufunda ukuba novelwano. Ukusetyenziswa kovelwano kuthathwa njengamandla okucinga angabonakaliyo.

Ukuqiqa okungabonakaliyo esikolweni

Uninzi lwemisebenzi eyenziwayo ngabafundi esikolweni ibotshelelwe kukucinga okungachazwanga. Izakhono zemathematika zihlala zingabonakali. Baxhomekeke kwisakhono sokuqonda amanani kunye nokusebenza ngaphandle kokubeka izandla zakho kwizinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukufundwa kolwimi kuhlala kubandakanya ukuhlalutya kunye nokuveza izimvo ezingaqondakaliyo, ukwenza ngokubanzi malunga nobuntu kunye nokungqubana, kunye nokufunda ukubhala uthelekiso olufana nezifaniso kunye nezifaniso.

Imbali, izifundo zentlalo, ifilosofi, kunye nezopolitiko zonke ezi zinto zifuna ukubanakho ukucinga ngokubanzi malunga neengxaki zentlalo kunye nokusebenzisa isigwebo esifanelekileyo. Inzululwazi ifuna ukuba abafundi bacebise, bavavanye, kwaye bahlaziye ii-hypotheses kunye nethiyori.

Ngaphandle kwemiba yezemfundo yesikolo, ukuhambahamba kwiimeko ezinzima zentlalo ezithiwe thaca ngosuku lwesikolo oluqhelekileyo kubandakanya nokucinga okungaqondakaliyo.

Izibonelelo zokucinga okungafunekiyo

Abantu abakwaziyo ukucinga ngokungaqhelekanga bahlala belungile:

• ukuthatha iimvavanyo zobukrelekrele
• ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima
• ukudala ubugcisa bazo zonke iintlobo
• ukuza neenketho zenoveli kunye nezikhokelo (ukucinga ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo)

Ungakuphucula njani ukucinga okungabonakaliyo

Ukuba ufuna ukuphucula ubuchule bakho bokucinga, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzama ngazo:

• Ukuphucula. Ukuba kukho iqela lezemidlalo kwindawo yokuphucula umdlalo, cinga ngokuthatha iworkshop ekuvumela ukuba uphonononge le fom yomdlalo.
• Sombulula iiphazili. I-3D, ebonakalayo, kunye neephazili zamagama ziya kukuqeqesha ucinge ngezinye iindlela ezingaphaya kwezo zenzeka kuwe kwangoko.
• Yakha iimodeli ze3D. ibonakalisile ukuba abantu kwezenzululwazi, kwitekhnoloji, kubunjineli, nakwimisebenzi yezibalo baphucula amandla abo okucinga ngokucinga ngokwenza iiprojekthi zobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa.
• Jonga izinto ezingekhoyo. Abanye basebenzisa ubugcisa kunye neefoto ezinombono wokukhanya ukuze baqeqeshe abafundi ukuba babone izinto ngeendlela ezininzi, nto leyo leyo luphawu lokuqiqa okungaziwayo.
• Dlala ngolwimi olufuziselayo. Isakhono sokubhala izifaniso, izikweko, ii-analogies, kunye neziqwenga zomntu zinokuvuselela ukucinga. Cinga ngento ebambekayo kwaye uyihambise kwinto engavakaliyo: "Ngosuku awagwetywa ngalo, imvula ina ngokungagungqiyo, ngokungathi uJustice uyalila." Okanye "Isayikholojisti yenze intetho yesini, isithi iingqondo zabasetyhini zazifana nezitya zespaghetti."

Iimeko ezinokuthi zinciphise ukuqiqa okungacacanga

Ezinye zeemeko zemithambo-luvo zinokuphazamisa amandla akho okucinga ngokungaqondakaliyo.

• Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yengqondo. bafumanise ukuba abanye abantu abane-Autism spectrum disorder banokuba nengxaki neengcinga kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
• Ischizophrenia. Ezinye iindlela zokucinga okungaqondakaliyo, ngakumbi abo babandakanyekayo banokukhawulelwa sischizophrenia.
• Ukulimala ngokwenzakala okanye ngokwendalo. Ukwenzakala kwiingozi kunye nokuvezwa kokubeleka, kubandakanya nokuphazamiseka kokubonakala kotywala kwimveku, kunokuchaphazela indawo zobuchopho ezenza ukuba ukucinga okungabonakaliyo kwenzeke.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Abantu abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni bahlala benobunzima ekusebenziseni nasekuqondeni izakhono zokucinga ezingabonakaliyo.
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Rhoqo amalungu engqondo abandakanyeka kwiintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngamalungu afanayo alawula ubuchule bokucinga.

Xa ukucinga okungaqondakaliyo kungeloncedo

Ngamanye amaxesha amandla okucinga, ukuqikelela, kunye nokwenza unxibelelwano luphazamise ukusebenza okunempilo.

Thatha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubizwa ngokuba yintlekele, umzekelo. Ukuba uhlala ucinga imeko ezibi kakhulu, unokunyusa amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwakho okanye uzenze mandundu iimpawu zokudakumba.

Ukudityaniswa kwezinto ngokubanzi ngomnye umzekelo. Ukuba ufumana ukubuyela umva njengobungqina bokuba uyasilela, ukubanakho kwakho ukwenza ufikelele kwisiphelo esingalunganga nesinemveliso. ibonakalisile ukuba olu hlobo lokuthintela luqhelekile ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.

Ukuba unenye yezi meko, unokufumanisa ukuba ukucinga okungekho mthethweni ngamanye amaxesha kuyingxaki:

• ixhala
• ukudakumba
• Ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo (OCD)
• Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwasemva (PTSD)

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ungaziqhelanisa nezakhono zekhonkrithi zokucinga kwaye uzisebenzise ukuphucula kunye nokukunceda ngexesha lokudakumba.

Ukuthatha

Ukucinga okungapheliyo kukukwazi ukuqaphela iikhonsepthi ezingaphaya kwezinto esizibonayo ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukwamkela iipateni, ukuhlalutya izimvo, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokwenza izinto zonke kubandakanya ukucinga ngokungaqondakaliyo.

Isakhono sokucinga ngokungakhathali sikhula njengoko sikhula, kwaye sinokuthi siphucule ngabom amandla ethu okucinga ngokucinga ngokudlala kunye neephazili, iimodeli kunye nolwimi.

Ukubetha ibhalansi esempilweni phakathi kokucinga okungacacanga kunye nekhonkrithi kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla.