Ngaba i-ACA inokuphinda ibangele ukulimaza ukuncancisa oomama?

Umxholo

• Kutheni ukuncancisa kubalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana
• Izithintelo ezikhoyo zomama abasebenzayo
• Ukuncancisa kukhuselwe njani kwi-ACA?
• 1. Inkxaso yokuncancisa emsebenzini
• Yeyiphi imithetho ekhusela oomama kwinqanaba likarhulumente?
• Athelekiswa njani amalungelo okubeleka e-US kwamanye amazwe?

Omnye wemibuzo yokuqala ephendulwa ngoomama emva kokubeleka kukuba ingaba baya kuncancisa na okanye hayi. Baninzi ngakumbi abantu basetyhini eMelika abathi "ewe."

Ngapha koko, ngokutsho, kwezine kwiintsana zonke iintsana ezizalwe ngo-2013 ziqale ukuncancisa. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bebesancancisa kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwaye phantse isinye kwisithathu bebesancancisa kwiinyanga ezili-12.

"Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ukwanda kokuncancisa kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo," utshilo uGqirha Lauren Hanley, ingcali yamayeza okuncancisa eMassachusetts General Hospital nosihlalo weGynecology Expert Work Group on Breastfeeding for the American Congress of Obstetrician (ACOG).

"Okukhona sifunda malunga nobisi lwebele kunye nokuncancisa kunye neenzuzo ezininzi, kokukhona uninzi lwabantu basetyhini lukhuthazwa ukuncancisa," uyongeza.

Kutheni ukuncancisa kubalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana

Ngokwe-UNICEF, iintsana kufuneka zifumane ubisi lwebele kuphela zide zibe neenyanga ezintandathu ubudala. Emva koko ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 de ubuncinci iminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kufuneka bafumane ubisi lwebele, kunye nokutya.

Ii-CDC zijolise ekwandiseni ipesenti yoomama base-US abancancisayo ukuya kuthi ga kwithagethi yeepesenti ezingama-81.9. Okwangoku, amazwe angama-29 ahlangabezana naloo njongo.

Ngelixa eli nani likhuthaza, idatha yabo ibonisa ukuba xa kufikwa kubude bexesha, oomama abaninzi abenzi ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuncancisa. Ngapha koko, kuphela iipesenti ezingama-51.8 zoomama baseMelika abasancancisayo kwinqanaba leenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye kuphela ngama-30.7 epesenti kunyaka omnye.

Oku kubonisa ukuba ngelixa oomama abaninzi befuna ukuncancisa abantwana babo, “basenokungalufumani uncedo abaludingayo, olufana nabanikezeli bezempilo, amalungu osapho kunye nabaqeshi,” ngokwe-CDC.

Izithintelo ezikhoyo zomama abasebenzayo

“Siyazi ukuba uninzi loomama bafuna ukuncancisa. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-80 bakhetha ukuncancisa kwaye baqala esibhedlele, ”utshilo uMegan Renner, umlawuli olawulayo weKomiti Yoncanciso yaseUnited States (i-USBC). “Siyazi ngakumbi e-United States apho singakhange sihlawule ikhefu losapho nangayiphi na indlela yokuba xa oomama bebuyela emsebenzini, sibona amazinga okuncancisa ehla ngokuncomekayo njengoko iiveki zihamba.

"Kungaba buhlungu kakhulu xa oomama befuna ukuncancisa kodwa bangafumani nkxaso kusapho lwabo okanye kumqeshi okanye kubanonopheli bezempilo."

Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezaziwayo kubo bobabini umama nosana, uGqirha Hanley uthi mininzi imiqobo eMelika eyenza ukuba ukuncancisa ngempumelelo kube ngumceli mngeni.

“Phakathi kwezi kukho amazinga aphezulu okuqeshwa kwabasetyhini kunye nokuswela ikhefu lokuya kubeleka. Yiyo ke loo nto, uxinzelelo lokubuyela emsebenzini ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa kungumceli mngeni omkhulu kwabasetyhini kwindlela yokuncancisa, ukuba ngumzali, nokusebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya, utshilo.

Yiyo kanye le nto kubalulekile ukuba izibonelelo zokuncancisa kuMthetho woKhathalelo ongenakufikeleleka (ACA) zibalulekile, wongeza.

Ukuncancisa kukhuselwe njani kwi-ACA?

Ngo-2010, uMongameli Obama wasayina i-ACA ibe ngumthetho. Kukho izibonelelo ezintathu ze-ACA ezichaphazele ngqo ekunikezeleni ngotyalo-mali olutsha kunye nenkxaso kwiintsapho zokuncancisa.

1. Inkxaso yokuncancisa emsebenzini

Icandelo 4207 le-ACA, "Ixesha eliQokelelweyo eliFanelekileyo looMama abaNesi," lifuna abaqeshi abanabasebenzi abangaphezulu kwama-50 ukuba babonelele ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuba oomama baveze ubisi lwebele ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka, kunye nokubonelela ngendawo yabucala (leyo ayisiyiyo igumbi lokuhlambela) ukwenza njalo. Eli lixesha lokuqala ukuba kubekho ukukhuselwa komdibaniso wokuncancisa emsebenzini. Ngelixa isibonelelo sobuchwephesha sisebenza kuphela kubasebenzi abangahlawulelwayo (ngeyure), uninzi lwabaqeshi banikezele le nkxaso kubasebenzi babo abahlawulwayo.

URenner uthi: "Ukuba nale ndawo yobumbano okokuqala njengenxalenye ye-ACA, nangona imeko yokugubungela yayingagqibekanga, yayilixesha elibalulekileyo lokubonisa ukuxhasa oomama abasebenzayo abafuna ukuncancisa." Ngokukodwa kuba yayixhaswe ngevoti engavisisaniyo kwi-Senate Committee yezempilo.

URenner uthi kubalulekile ukuba ukubonelelwa kugcinwe ngaphakathi kwemizamo yokurhoxisa, ukubuyisela, okanye ukuhlaziya i-ACA, nangona ekholelwa ukuba ukubonelelwa akuyi kuchaphazeleka kwezo zicwangciso. Kungenxa yokuba indlela ethathwa kwinkongolo yokuphelisa i-ACA yinkqubo ebizwa ngoxolelwaniso lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Oku kujolise kwizibonelelo ze-ACA ezichaphazela inkcitho kurhulumente kunye nemali engenayo. Ulungiselelo "lwexesha lekhefu loomama abangabahlengikazi" aluhlangabezani nezi ndlela.

Ngelixa ukuncancisa kwindawo yokusebenzela kubonakala ngathi kukhuselekile, uRenner uthi zimbini ezinye izibonelelo zokuncancisa i-ACA ezisemngciphekweni.

Yeyiphi imithetho ekhusela oomama kwinqanaba likarhulumente?

Iindidi ezininzi zomthetho wokuncancisa ukho kwinqanaba likarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa ekuncanciseni okanye ekumpompa esidlangalaleni okanye emsebenzini, uninzi loomama bajongene nezithintelo ekuhlaleni.

UGqr. Hanley uthi: “Abafazi bayaqhubeka nokukhatywa nokugxekwa ngokutyisa usana lwabo esidlangalaleni ngaphandle kwemithetho ebakhuselayo phantse kuwo onke amazwe.

Athelekiswa njani amalungelo okubeleka e-US kwamanye amazwe?

Isimo sokuncancisa esidlangalaleni nasemsebenzini asihlukanga nje kwi-US iphela, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokophononongo olubanzi lwesimo sengqondo soluntu malunga nokuncancisa lufumanise ukuba, eYurophu, imithetho kunye nezimo zengqondo ziyahluka kakhulu kwilizwe. Ukuncancisa esidlangalaleni kuyakhuthazwa eScandinavia naseJamani, ngaphandle kwemithetho ekhethekileyo ekhusela le yokugqibela. Abasetyhini kwiiBalkan naseMeditera, okwangoku, banengqiqo ngakumbi malunga nokuncancisa esidlangalaleni, nangona benemithetho ekhusela ilungelo labo lokwenza njalo.

I-US lelinye lamazwe asibhozo kuphela-kwaye lelona lizwe linengeniso ephezulu-elinikezela ngekhefu lokuhlawula eliqinisekisiweyo.

Kulindelwe abazali endaweni yoko bathembele kubaqeshi babo ukuba babanike ikhefu, kodwa kuphela liipesenti ezili-12 zabasebenzi becandelo labucala abayifumanayo.

Ngenxa yoko, phantse isiqingatha soomama abatsha bazifumana bebuyela emsebenzini kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu, bahlala besebenza iiyure ezifanayo nezangaphambili. Kungenxa yoko le nto kungafanelekanga ukuba uninzi lukhethe ukuyeka ukuncancisa phambi kwenyanga ezintandathu, okanye lukuthintele kwaphela.