Luthini usulelo olunamandla lwe-HIV?

Umxholo

• Luyintoni usulelo olungqongqo lwe-HIV?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zosulelo olubi lwe-HIV?
• Yintoni ebangela usulelo olungqongqo lwe-HIV?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokosulelwa sesi sifo?
• Lufunyanwa njani usulelo olubi lwe-HIV?
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody
• Olunye uvavanyo
• Lunyangwa njani usuleleko olunamandla lwe-HIV?
• Luthini uluvo lomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kakhulu?
• Lunokuthintelwa njani usulelo lwe-HIV olunamandla?
• Umntu onentsholongwane kagawulayo angayifumana phi inkxaso?

Luyintoni usulelo olungqongqo lwe-HIV?

Usulelo olungqongqo lwe-HIV linyathelo lokuqala le-HIV, kwaye lihlala lide umzimba uzenzele izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene nale ntsholongwane.

Usulelo olunamandla lwe-HIV lukhula kwangoko kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokuba umntu efumene i-HIV. Kukwaziwa njengosulelo lokuqala lwe-HIV okanye isifo esibukhali se-retroviral syndrome. Ngeli nqanaba lokuqala, intsholongwane iyaziphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintsholongwane, amajoni omzimba aqhele ukulwa nazo, i-HIV ayinakususwa ngamajoni omzimba.

Ngexesha elide, intsholongwane ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomzimba, ishiye amajoni omzimba engakwazi ukulwa nezinye izifo kunye nosulelo. Xa oku kusenzeka, kunokukhokelela kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-HIV, elaziwa njenge-AIDS okanye inqanaba 3 le-HIV.

Kuyenzeka ukuba usulelwe yi-HIV kumntu osuleleke kakhulu yi-HIV ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lokuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane ngeli xesha.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu abanesifo esosulelayo se-HIV abazi nokuba bayifumene na intsholongwane.

Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zokuqala zizisombulula ngokwazo okanye zinokuphosakala ngesinye isifo esifana nomkhuhlane. Uvavanyo lwe-antibody olusezantsi lwe-HIV alusoloko lukwazi ukufumana eli nqanaba le-HIV.

Ziintoni iimpawu zosulelo olubi lwe-HIV?

Iimpawu zosulelo ezibukhali ze-HIV ziyafana nezo zomkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo zentsholongwane, ngoko ke abantu abanokukrokrela ukuba banentsholongwane kaGawulayo.

Ngapha koko, uqikelelo lokuba kubantu abaphantse babe zizigidi eziyi-1.2 e-United States abaphila ne-HIV, malunga neepesenti ezili-14 zabo abazi ukuba banentsholongwane. Ukuvavanywa kuphela kwendlela yokwazi.

Iimpawu zosulelo olubi lwe-HIV zinokubandakanya:

• irhashalala
• ifiva
• Ukugodola
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudinwa
• umqala obuhkungu
• ukubila ebusuku
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Izilonda ezivela ngaphakathi okanye emlonyeni, umqala, okanye amalungu esini
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• urhudo

Ayizizo zonke iimpawu ezinokubakho, kwaye abantu abaninzi abanesifo esibi se-HIV abanazimpawu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu unamava, anokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-4, emva koko anyamalale ngaphandle konyango.

Yintoni ebangela usulelo olungqongqo lwe-HIV?

Usulelo olunamandla lwe-HIV lwenzeka kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokuvezwa kokuqala kwintsholongwane. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyadluliselwa:

• Utofelo-gazi olungcolileyo, ubukhulu becala ngaphambi kowe-1985
• ukwabelana ngeesirinji okanye iinaliti nomntu ophila ne-HIV
• ukudibana negazi, amadlozi, ubumanzi belungu lobufazi, okanye iimfihlo zangasese ezine-HIV
• ukukhulelwa okanye ukuncancisa ukuba umama une-HIV

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​ayidluliswanga ngokudibana nje komzimba, njengokuwola, ukuncamisana, ukubambana ngezandla, okanye ukwabelana ngezixhobo zokutya.

Amathe awadlulisi i-HIV.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokosulelwa sesi sifo?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokuchaphazela abantu nabuphi na ubudala, isini, ubuhlanga, okanye inkanuko yesini. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zokuziphatha zinokubeka amaqela athile kumngcipheko okhulayo we-HIV. Oku kubandakanya:

• abantu ababelana ngeenaliti kunye neesirinji
• amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda

Lufunyanwa njani usulelo olubi lwe-HIV?

Ukuba umboneleli wezempilo ukrokrela ukuba umntu une-HIV, baya kwenza uthotho lweemvavanyo ukukhangela intsholongwane.

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuvavanywa kwe-HIV alunakufumanisa ukuba ulosuleleko lukhulu lwe-HIV.

Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody

Iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuvavanywa kwe-HIV zikhangela izilwa-buhlungu kwi-HIV kunentsholongwane uqobo. Ii-antibodies ziiprotein eziqonda kwaye zitshabalalise izinto eziyingozi, ezinjengeentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya.

Ubukho bee-antibodies ezithile zihlala zibonisa usuleleko lwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba ugqithiso lokuqala lweentsholongwane ze-HIV zivele.

Ukuba ngaba iziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba womntu zichasene nomzimba wakhe kodwa umboneleli wabo wezempilo ukholelwa ukuba banayo i-HIV, banokunikwa novavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane.

Umboneleli ngononophelo lwempilo usenokuthi baphinde kuvavanyo lwe-antibody kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva ukubona ukuba ngaba zikhona na izilwa-buhlungu ezithe zakhula.

Olunye uvavanyo

Olunye uvavanyo olunokuthi lukwazi ukubona iimpawu zosulelo olubi lwe-HIV lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV RNA lobungakanani bentsholongwane
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-antigen p24
• iimvavanyo ze-antigen ze-antigen kunye ne-antibody (ekwabizwa ngokuba kuvavanyo lwesizukulwane sesi-4)

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-p24 antigen lubona i-p24 antigen, iprotein efumaneka kuphela kubantu abane-HIV. Iantigen yinto yasemzini ebangela impendulo yomzimba emzimbeni.

Uvavanyo lwesizukulwane sesi-4 lolona vavanyo lubuthathaka, kodwa akusoloko lubhaqa usulelo kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala.

Abantu abathatha uvavanyo lwesine okanye olungu-p24 lwe-antigen yegazi nabo bayakufuna ukuqinisekisa ngobume be-HIV ngovavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane egazini.

Nabani na oye wachaphazeleka kwi-HIV kwaye unokufumana usulelo olunamandla lwe-HIV kufuneka ahlolwe kwangoko.

Ukuba umboneleli wokhathalelo lwempilo uyazi ukuba umntu othile ubekhe wabhencwa kutshanje kwi-HIV, baya kusebenzisa olunye lweemvavanyo ezinakho ukubona usulelo olubi lwe-HIV.

Lunyangwa njani usuleleko olunamandla lwe-HIV?

Unyango olululo lubalulekile kubantu abafunyenwe bene-HIV.

Ababoneleli ngezempilo kunye nososayensi bayavuma ukuba unyango lwakwangoko ngamachiza ee-antiretroviral kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngabo bonke abantu abane-HIV abakulungeleyo ukuthatha amayeza emihla ngemihla.

Unyango lwakwangoko lunokunciphisa iziphumo zentsholongwane kumajoni omzimba.

Amayeza amatsha ee-antiretroviral ahlala anyamezeleka kakuhle, kodwa kusoloko kukho ukubakho kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukuba umntu ucinga ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye ezingahambelaniyo kunyango lwabo, kuya kufuneka banxibelelane kwangoko nomboneleli wabo wezempilo.

Ukongeza kunyango, ababoneleli ngezempilo banokucebisa ngolungelelwaniso oluthile lokuphila, kubandakanya:

• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokulinganisela ukunceda ukomeleza amajoni omzimba
• ukulala ngesondo kunye neekhondom okanye ezinye iindlela zokuthintela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhambisa i-HIV kwabanye kunye nokufumana izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (STIs)
• ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, olunokuthi buthathaka amajoni omzimba
• ukuthintela ukuvezwa kwabantu abaneentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, kuba amajoni omzimba abo bane-HIV anokuba nobunzima ekuphenduleni kwesi sifo
• ukwenza umthambo rhoqo
• ukuhlala usebenza kunye nokugcina izinto ozithandayo
• ukunciphisa okanye ukunqanda utywala kunye nokujova iziyobisi
• ukusebenzisa iinaliti ezicocekileyo xa utofa iziyobisi
• ukuyeka ukutshaya

Luthini uluvo lomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kakhulu?

Alukho unyango lwe-HIV, kodwa unyango luvumela abantu abane-HIV ukuba baphile ubomi obude nobunempilo. Imbonakalo ilungile kubantu abaqala unyango phambi kokuba i-HIV yonakalise amajoni abo omzimba.

Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olululo kunceda ukuthintela i-HIV iqhubele phambili kwi-AIDS.

Unyango olunempumelelo luphucula kokubini ixesha lokuphila kunye nomgangatho wobomi bomntu ophila ne-HIV. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-HIV ithathwa njengesiqhelo kwaye inokulawulwa ixesha elide.

Unyango lunokunceda umntu ophila ne-HIV ukuba afikelele kumthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo, ngelo xesha abayi kuba nakho ukuhambisa i-HIV kumaqabane ezesondo.

Lunokuthintelwa njani usulelo lwe-HIV olunamandla?

Usulelo olunamandla lwe-HIV lunokuthintelwa ngokuphepha ukubhencwa egazini, amadlozi, ubumva, kunye nolwelo lobufazi lomntu ophila ne-HIV.

Ngezantsi zezinye zeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV:

• Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa ngaphambi kwexesha, ngexesha nangemva kwesondo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela ziyafumaneka kubandakanya iikhondom (eyindoda okanye yabasetyhini), i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), unyango njengothintelo (TasP), kunye ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
• Gwema ukwabelana ngeenaliti. Ungaze wabelane okanye uphinde usebenzise iinaliti xa utofa iziyobisi okanye ufumana itattoo. Iidolophu ezininzi zineenkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngenaliti ezibonelela ngeenaliti ezingenazintsholongwane.
• Thatha amanyathelo xa uphatha igazi. Ukuba uphatha igazi, sebenzisa iiglavu zelatex neminye imiqobo.
• Vavanyelwa i-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs. Ukuvavanywa kuphela kwendlela umntu anokwazi ngayo ukuba une-HIV okanye enye i-STI. Abo bavavanya ukuba banayo banokufuna unyango olunokuthi ekugqibeleni luphelise umngcipheko wokuhambisa i-HIV kumaqabane abo abelana nawo. Ukuvavanywa kunye nokufumana unyango lwe-STIs kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzihambisa kwiqabane owabelana nalo ngesondo. I-CDC yovavanyo lonyaka ubuncinci kubantu abajova iziyobisi okanye ababelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye enye indlela yokuthintela.

Umntu onentsholongwane kagawulayo angayifumana phi inkxaso?

Ukufumana uxilongo lwe-HIV kunokuziva kunxunguphalisa abanye abantu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana uthungelwano lwenkxaso olomeleleyo ukunceda ekujonganeni nalo naluphi na uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.

Mininzi imibutho nabantu abazinikele ekuxhaseni abantu abaphila ne-HIV, kunye noluntu lwasekhaya nolwe-intanethi olunokunika inkxaso.

Ukuthetha nomcebisi okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso kuvumela abantu abane-HIV ukuba baxoxe ngezinto ezibaxhalabisayo nabanye abanokuhambelana noko bajongana nako.

Iinombolo zemfonomfono zamaqela e-HIV ngurhulumente zifumaneka kwiZiko lezeMithombo yezeMpilo nakwiiNkonzo zoLawulo lweeNkonzo.