I-Myeloid Leukemia (AML) efanelekileyo

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu ze-AML?
• Yintoni ebangela i-AML?
• Yintoni ephakamisa umngcipheko we-AML?
• I-AML ihlelwa njani?
• Ufumanisa njani i-AML?
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho ze-AML?
• Unyango lokungenisa uxolelo
• Unyango lokudibanisa
• Yintoni elindelwe kwixesha elide kubantu abane-AML?
• Unokuthintela njani i-AML?

Yintoni i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

I-leukemia ye-myeloid Acute (AML) ngumhlaza owenzeka kwigazi lakho kunye nomongo wethambo.

I-AML ichaphazela ngokukodwa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBCs) zomzimba wakho, ezibangela ukuba zenze ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ngomhlaza obukhali, inani leeseli ezingaqhelekanga likhula ngokukhawuleza.

Le meko yaziwa nangala magama alandelayo:

• leukemia oyingozi myelocytic
• leukemia oyingozi myelogenous
• leukemia oyingozi granulocytic
• leukemia etsolo non-lymphocytic

Kukho amatyala ayi-19,520 amatsha e-AML minyaka le e-United States, ngokwe-National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Zithini iimpawu ze-AML?

Kumanqanaba ayo okuqala, iimpawu ze-AML zinokufana nomkhuhlane kwaye unokuba nomkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• iintlungu zethambo
• iimpumlo zeempumlo rhoqo
• ukopha neentsini ezidumbileyo
• ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula
• ukubila okugqithisileyo (ngakumbi ebusuku)
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• inzima kunamaxesha aqhelekileyo kubantu ababhinqileyo

Yintoni ebangela i-AML?

I-AML ibangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kwi-DNA elawula ukukhula kweeseli kumongo wethambo lakho.

Ukuba unayo i-AML, umongo wakho wethambo wenza ii-WBCs ezingenakubalwa ezingafakwanga. Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga ekugqibeleni ziba zii-WBCs ezinamachiza abizwa ngokuba zii-myeloblasts.

Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga ziyakha kwaye zithathe indawo yeeseli ezisempilweni. Oku kubangela ukuba umongo wethambo lakho uyeke ukusebenza kakuhle, wenze ukuba umzimba wakho ube sengozini yosulelo.

Akucaci kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela utshintsho lwe-DNA. Abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ekubeni kunokuba kunxulumene nokuchazwa kwimichiza ethile, kwimitha yelanga, nakwiziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa unyango ngamayeza.

Yintoni ephakamisa umngcipheko we-AML?

Umngcipheko wokukhula kwe-AML ukwanda ngokobudala. Iminyaka yobudala yomntu ofunyenwe ene-AML imalunga nama-68, kwaye imeko leyo ayifane ibonwe ebantwaneni.

I-AML ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni kunabafazi, nangona ichaphazela amakhwenkwe namantombazana ngamanani alinganayo.

Ukutshaya icuba kucingelwa ukuba kwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-AML. Ukuba usebenza kumzi-mveliso apho unokuthi uvezwe kwiikhemikhali ezifana ne-benzene, ukwasemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Umngcipheko wakho uyenyuka ukuba unesifo segazi esinjenge-myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) okanye isifo semfuza esifana ne-Down syndrome.

Ezi zinto zomngcipheko azithethi ukuba kuya kufuneka uphuhlise i-AML. Kwangelo xesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphuhlise i-AML ngaphandle kokuba ube nale miba yomngcipheko.

I-AML ihlelwa njani?

Inkqubo yokuhlelwa koMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ibandakanya la maqela ahlukeneyo e-AML:

• I-AML eneempawu eziphindaphindayo zofuzo, ezinje ngotshintsho lwe-chromosomal
• I-AML eneenguqu ezinxulumene ne-myelodysplasia
• ezinxulumene ne-myeloid neoplasms ezinxulumene nonyango, ezinokubangelwa yimitha okanye yimichiza
• I-AML, ayichazwanga ngenye indlela
• I-myeloid sarcoma
• Ukwanda kwe-myeloid ye-Down syndrome
• leukemia oyingozi yomnombo edidayo

Iintlobo ze-AML zikwakhona kula maqela. Amagama ezi ntlobo zincinci zingabonisa utshintsho lwe-chromosomal okanye uguquko olwenziweyo kwi-AML.

Omnye umzekelo ngu-AML kunye no-t (8; 21), apho utshintsho lwenzeka phakathi kwama-chromosomes 8 no-21.

Ngokungafaniyo neminye imihlaza, i-AML ayihlulwanga ngokwamanqanaba omhlaza wesintu.

Ufumanisa njani i-AML?

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajonge ukudumba kwesibindi sakho, i-lymph node, kunye ne-spleen. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela i-anemia kunye nokujonga amanqanaba akho e-WBC.

Ngelixa uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ugqirha wakho amisele ukuba ingaba ikhona na ingxaki, uvavanyo lomongo wethambo okanye i-biopsy iyafuneka ukufumanisa ngokuqinisekileyo i-AML.

Isampulu yomongo wethambo ithathwa ngokufaka inaliti ende kwithambo lesinqe. Ngamanye amaxesha ithambo lesifuba yindawo ye-biopsy. Isampulu ithunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanywa.

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza umpompo womgogodla, okanye i-lumbar puncture, ebandakanya ukukhupha ulwelo kumqolo wakho ngenaliti encinci. Ulwelo lukhangelwe ubukho beeseli zegazi.

Zithini iindlela zokhetho ze-AML?

Unyango lwe-AML lubandakanya izigaba ezibini:

Unyango lokungenisa uxolelo

Unyango lokungenisa uxolelo lusebenzisa ichemotherapy ukubulala iiseli zegazi ezikhoyo emzimbeni wakho.

Uninzi lwabantu luhlala esibhedlele ngexesha lonyango kuba ichemotherapy ikwabulala iiseli ezisempilweni, iphakamisa umngcipheko wosulelo kunye nokopha okungaqhelekanga.

Ngendlela enqabileyo ye-AML ebizwa ngokuba yi-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), iziyobisi ezichasene nomhlaza ezinje nge-arsenic trioxide okanye yonke i-trans retinoic acid inokusetyenziselwa ukujolisa kutshintsho oluthile kwiiseli ze-leukemia. La machiza abulala iiseli zegazi kwaye ayeke iiseli ezingekho mpilweni ekwahlukaneni.

Unyango lokudibanisa

Unyango lokudibanisa, ekwabizwa ngokuba lunyango lwasemva kokuxolelwa, kubalulekile ekugcineni i-AML kuxolelo kunye nokuthintela ukubuyela umva. Injongo yonyango lokudibanisa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zegazi.

Unokufuna ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem kunyango lokudibanisa. Iiseli zesinti zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunceda umzimba wakho uvelise iiseli zomongo wethambo omtsha kunye nokuba sempilweni.

Iiseli zeziqu zinokuvela kumnikeli. Ukuba ngaphambili ubukhe une-leukemia eye yaxolelwa, ugqirha wakho usenokuba ususile kwaye wagcina ezinye zeeseli zakho zesistim ukuze ufakelwe ikamva, okwaziwa ngokuba kukufakelwa kweseli yeseli.

Ukufumana iiseli zesitshixo kumnikeli kuneengozi ngakumbi kunokufumana ukufakelwa okwenziwe ngeeseli zakho. Ukutshintshwa kweeseli zakho, nangona kunjalo, kubandakanya umngcipheko ophezulu wokuphinda ubuye ngenxa yokuba ezinye iiseli ezindala zegazi zinokubakho kwisampuli efunyenwe emzimbeni wakho.

Yintoni elindelwe kwixesha elide kubantu abane-AML?

Xa kuziwa kwiindidi ezininzi ze-AML, malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu banakho ukufikelela kuxolelo, ngokwe-American Cancer Society (ACS).

Ireyithi yokuxolelwa inyuka iye kwiipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abane-APL. Ukuxolelwa kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeminyaka yomntu.

Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kumaMelika ane-AML ngama-27.4 epesenti. Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantwana abane-AML liphakathi kwama-60 nama-70 epesenti.

Ngokufunyanwa kwesigaba sokuqala kunye nokunyanga ngokukhawuleza, ukuxolelwa kunokwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abaninzi. Nje ukuba zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-AML zinyamalale, uthathwa ngokuba uxolelwe. Ukuba uxolelwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu, uthathwa njengonyango lwe-AML.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba uneempawu ze-AML, cwangcisa ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho ukuze nixoxe ngalo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ufune unyango kwangoko ukuba unayo nayiphi na imiqondiso yosulelo okanye umkhuhlane ongapheliyo.

Unokuthintela njani i-AML?

Ukuba usebenza malunga neekhemikhali ezinobungozi okanye i-radiation, qiniseka ukuba unxibe naziphi na kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zokukhusela ukunciphisa ukubonwa kwakho.

Soloko ubona ugqirha ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu onomdla kuzo.