Amaxabiso okusinda kunye ne-Outlook ye-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Umxholo

• Athini amaxabiso okusinda kwe-AML?
• Abantwana abane-AML
• Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela inqanaba lokusinda?
• Ubudala bunasiphi isiphumo kwinqanaba lokusinda?
• Lithini ifuthe lohlobo lwe-AML kwinqanaba lokusinda?
• Impembelelo yempatho yonyango inaliphi inqanaba lokusinda?
• Umntu unokuyifumana njani inkxaso?
• Buza imibuzo
• Fumana imibutho enika inkxaso
• Joyina iqela lenkxaso
• Fikelela kubahlobo kunye nosapho
• Fumana iindlela ezonwabisayo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo

Yintoni i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

I-leukemia ye-myeloid, okanye i-AML, luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela umongo kunye negazi. Iyaziwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-acute myelogenous leukemia kunye ne-non-lymphocytic leukemia. I-AML lolwesibini uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweleukemia kubantu abadala.

Oogqirha babiza i-AML "acute" kuba imeko inokuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Igama elithi "leukemia" libhekisa kumhlaza womongo kunye nakwiiseli zegazi. Igama elithi myeloid, okanye i-myelogenous, libhekisa kuhlobo lweseli oluchaphazelayo.

Iiseli ze-Myeloid zingaphambi kwezinye iiseli zegazi. Ngokwesiqhelo ezi seli ziyaqhubeka ukukhula zibe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBCs), iiplatelets, kunye neentlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBCs). Kodwa kwi-AML, abakwazi ukukhula ngokwesiqhelo.

Xa umntu ene-AML, iiseli ze-myeloid ziguquka kwaye zenze ukuqhuma kwe-leukemic. Ezi seli azisebenzi njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo. Banokugcina umzimba ungenzi iiseli eziqhelekileyo, ezisempilweni.

Ekugqibeleni, umntu uya kuqala ukuswela ii-RBCs ezithwala ioksijini, iiplatelets ezithintela ukopha ngokulula, kunye nee-WBCs ezikhusela umzimba kwizifo. Kungenxa yokuba umzimba wabo uxakeke kakhulu ekwenzeni iiseli zokuqhushumba kwe-leukemic.

Isiphumo sinokubulala. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaninzi, i-AML sisifo esinyangekayo.

Athini amaxabiso okusinda kwe-AML?

Ukuqhubela phambili kunyango lomhlaza kunye nokuqonda koogqirha kwesi sifo kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi nangakumbi bayasinda kule meko minyaka le.

Qho ngonyaka, oogqirha bafumanisa abantu abali-19,520 eMelika abane-AML. Ukuqikelelwa kwe-10,670 yokusweleka kwenzeka rhoqo ngonyaka ngenxa yesi sifo.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-AML bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy. La mayeza abulala ngokukhawuleza iiseli ezahlulayo, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza. I-Chemotherapy inokukhokelela ekuxolelweni, oko kuthetha ukuba umntu akanazo iimpawu zesifo kwaye ukubalwa kweeseli zegazi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.

Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abane-AML uhlobo olwaziwa ngokuba yi-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) baya kungena ekuxolelweni emva "kokungeniswa" (umjikelo wokuqala) we-chemo. Oku kuhambelana neAmerican Cancer Society (ACS). Uninzi lwezinye iintlobo ze-AML, ireyithi yokuxolelwa ijikeleze iipesenti ezingama-67.

Abo badala kuneminyaka engama-60 abaphenduli kunyango ngokunjalo, malunga nesiqingatha sabo besiya kuxolelo emva kokungeniswa.

Abanye abantu abangena kuxolelo bahlala kuxolelo. Okwangoku, kuninzi, i-AML inokubuya ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iminyaka emihlanu yokuphila kwe-AML ngama-27.4 ekhulwini, ngokwe-National Cancer Institute (NCI). Oku kuthetha ukuba kumashumi amawaka amaMelika ahlala ne-AML, kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-27.4 eepesenti ahlala iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuxilongwa.

Abantwana abane-AML

Ngokubanzi, abantwana abane-AML babonwa njengomngcipheko ophantsi kunabantu abadala. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-85 ukuya kuma-90 zabantwana abane-AML baya kuxolelwa emva kokungeniswa, ngokwe-American Cancer Society. I-AML iya kubuya kwezinye iimeko.

Amanqanaba okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantwana abane-AML ngama-60 ukuya kuma-70 epesenti.

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela inqanaba lokusinda?

Umbono kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwe-AML kwahluka kakhulu. Oogqirha bajonga izinto ezininzi xa benika umntu isifo, njengobudala bomntu okanye uhlobo lwe-AML.

Uninzi lwayo lusekwe kwiziphumo kunye nohlalutyo lovavanyo lwegazi, izifundo zokucinga, iimviwo ze-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), kunye ne-bone marrow biopsies.

Abanye abantu abanesifo esingalunganga bahlala iminyaka emininzi kunaleyo ugqirha aqikelela ngayo ngelixa abanye bengahlali xesha lide.

Ubudala bunasiphi isiphumo kwinqanaba lokusinda?

Iminyaka yobudala yomntu efunyenwe ene-AML uneminyaka engama-68 ubudala.

Ubudala bunokuba yinto ephambili ekumiseleni impendulo kunyango lwe-AML. Oogqirha bayazi ukuba amaxabiso okusinda kwabo bafunyaniswe benayo i-AML athembisa ngakumbi kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60.

Oku kunokuba zizizathu ezininzi. Abanye abantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60 banokuba neemeko ezingapheliyo okanye bangabi sempilweni. Oku kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima kwimizimba yabo ukuphatha amayeza e-chemotherapy kunye nolunye unyango lomhlaza olunxulumene ne-AML.

Ngaphezu koko, abantu abadala abadala abane-AML abafumani unyango kule meko.

Uphononongo luka-2015 lufumanise ukuba kuphela ngabantu abangama-40% nangaphezulu abafumene ichemotherapy kwinyanga ezintathu zokuchongwa. Ngaphandle kokungafani kwempendulo yonyango phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo (okanye amaqela), amaqondo okusinda ngokubanzi kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nama-74 ubudala sele ephucukile kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo, ngokophando luka-2011.

Lithini ifuthe lohlobo lwe-AML kwinqanaba lokusinda?

Oogqirha bahlala behlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-AML ngokutshintsha kweseli. Ezinye iintlobo zotshintsho lweseli ziyaziwa ukuba ziphendula ngakumbi kunyango. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-CEBPA eguqulweyo kwaye inv (16) iiseli ze-CBFB-MYH11.

Olunye utshintsho lweeseli lunokunyanga kakhulu kunyango. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-del (5q) kunye ne-inv (3) RPN1-EVI1. I-oncologist yakho iya kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo okanye iintlobo zotshintsho lweseli onokuba nazo.

Impembelelo yempatho yonyango inaliphi inqanaba lokusinda?

Abanye abantu baphendula ngcono kunyango kunabanye. Ukuba umntu ufumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy kwaye umhlaza wakhe awubuyi kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu, bahlala bethathwa njengonyango.

Ukuba umhlaza womntu ubuya okanye ungaphenduli kunyango konke konke, isiphumo sabo sonyango asithandeki.

Umntu unokuyifumana njani inkxaso?

Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na, ukuxilongwa kwe-AML kunokubangela uloyiko, ixhala kunye nokungaqiniseki. Unokungaqiniseki ukuba ungajika phi okanye ufumane inkxaso.

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza kunika ithuba lokuba usondele ngakumbi kwabo basondeleyo kuwe kwaye uvavanye indlela onokubuphila ngayo ubomi obonwabisayo.

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa zokukunceda ujonge esi sifo kunye nonyango.

Buza imibuzo

Kubalulekile ukuba uyiqonde imeko yakho. Ukuba kukho into ongaqinisekanga ngayo malunga nokuxilongwa, unyango, okanye ukuxela kwangaphambili, buza ugqirha wakho.

Imizekelo yemibuzo onokuyibuza ingabandakanya "Zeziphi iindlela zonyango endizikhethayo?" Kwaye "ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela i-AML ukuba ingabuyi?"

Fumana imibutho enika inkxaso

Imibutho efana neAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuxhasa.

Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela ukukhwela kunyango kunye nokukunceda ufumane abasebenzi abanokukunceda, njengabadli bezidlo okanye oonontlalontle.

Joyina iqela lenkxaso

Amaqela enkxaso yindlela ebalaseleyo yokuhlangana nabantu abangena kwiimvakalelo ezifanayo nezakho. Ukubona impumelelo kunye nengqondo yabanye kunokukunceda uyazi ukuba awuwedwa.

Ukongeza kwizibonelelo ezinje nge-ACS kunye ne-LLS, ugqirha wakho wezonyango okanye isibhedlele sasekhaya sinokunika amaqela enkxaso.

Fikelela kubahlobo kunye nosapho

Abahlobo abaninzi kunye namalungu osapho baya kufuna ukunceda. Bayeke bazise ukutya ngenkonzo enje ngeSidlo soTya okanye umamele nje iinkxalabo zakho. Ukuvulela abanye abantu kunokukunceda ugcine isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo.

Fumana iindlela ezonwabisayo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo

Zininzi iindawo zokuthengisa ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo kunye nenkxalabo ebomini bakho. Ukucamngca okanye ukugcina iphepha okanye ibhlog yimizekelo embalwa. Kwaye badla ngexabiso elincinci kakhulu ukuba baqhubeke kwaye baqhubeke.

Ukufumana indawo oyithandayo kakhulu kunokwenza imimangaliso engqondweni nasemoyeni wakho.