Ukungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza kokuphefumula

Umxholo

• Iindidi zokungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla
• Ziintoni iimpawu zokusilela okukhulu ekuphefumlweni?
• Yintoni ebangela ukusilela okuphefumulayo?
• Uthintelo
• Ukwenzakala
• Isifo esimandundu soxinzelelo lwamalungu okuphefumla
• Iziyobisi okanye utywala
• Ukusezela imichiza
• Ukubetha
• Usulelo
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla?
• Ukuchonga ukusilela okuphefumlayo
• Ukunyanga ukusilela okuphefumlayo
• Yintoni endinokuyilindela kwixesha elide?

Yintoni ukusilela okuphefumulayo?

Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla kwenzeka xa ulwelo lusakheka kwiingxowa zomoya kwimiphunga yakho. Xa oko kusenzeka, imiphunga yakho ayinakukhupha ioksijini egazini lakho. Ngokulandelayo, amalungu akho akanakufumana igazi elaneleyo elineoksijini ukuze lisebenze. Unako kwakhona ukuhlakulela ukusilela okuphefumlayo kokuphefumla ukuba imiphunga yakho ayinakususa ikharbon diokside egazini lakho.

Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla kwenzeka xa ii-capillaries, okanye imithambo yegazi encinci, ejikeleze iisaka zakho zomoya zingakwazi ukutshintshisa ngokufanelekileyo i-carbon dioxide ngeoksijini. Imeko inokuba nzima okanye inganyangeki. Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla, ufumana iimpawu kwangoko ngokungabinayo ioksijini eyaneleyo emzimbeni wakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kusilela kungakhokelela ekufeni ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.

Iindidi zokungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla

Ezi zimbini iintlobo zokungaphumeleli kakuhle nokuphefumla okungapheliyo zi-hypoxemic kunye ne-hypercapnic. Zombini ezi meko zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwaye iimeko zihlala zihlala kunye.

Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla kwehypoxemic kuthetha ukuba awunayo ioksijini eyaneleyo egazini lakho, kodwa amanqanaba akho ecarbon dioxide asondele kwesiqhelo.

Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla okuphefumlayo kuthetha ukuba kukho i-carbon dioxide eninzi egazini lakho, kwaye kufutshane neqhelekileyo okanye ayonelanga ioksijini egazini lakho.

Ziintoni iimpawu zokusilela okukhulu ekuphefumlweni?

Iimpawu zokusilela okuphefumlayo kokuphefumla zixhomekeke kwisizathu sayo kunye namanqanaba ecarbon dioxide kunye neoksijini egazini lakho.

Abantu abaneqondo eliphezulu le-carbon dioxide banokufumana:

• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukudideka

Abantu abanamanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini banokuba namava:

• ukungakwazi ukuphefumla
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu, eminwe, okanye kwimilebe

Abantu abanokungaphumeleli kakuhle kwemiphunga kunye namanqanaba eoksijini asezantsi banokufumana:

• ukungazinzi
• ixhala
• ukozela
• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangaphantsi
• intliziyo ebalekayo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (arrhythmias)
• ukubila kakhulu

Yintoni ebangela ukusilela okuphefumulayo?

Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla kunezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

Uthintelo

Xa into ihlala emqaleni wakho, unokuba nengxaki yokufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo kwimiphunga yakho. Ukuthintela kunokwenzeka kubantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo sokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga (COPD) okanye isifuba xa ukuqaqanjelwa kubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zibe mxinwa.

Ukwenzakala

Ukulimala okuphazamisa okanye ukuphazamisa inkqubo yakho yokuphefumula kunokuchaphazela kakubi inani le-oksijini egazini lakho. Umzekelo, ukwenzakala kwintambo yomqolo okanye kwingqondo kunokuchaphazela ukuphefumla kwakho kwangoko. Ingqondo ixelela imiphunga ukuba iphefumle. Ukuba ingqondo ayinakuthumela imiyalezo ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye ukonakala, imiphunga ayinakuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukwenzakala kwiimbambo okanye esifubeni nako kunokuphazamisa inkqubo yokuphefumla. Oku kwenzakala kunokuphazamisa ukubanakho ukuphefumla ioksijini eyaneleyo kwimiphunga yakho.

Isifo esimandundu soxinzelelo lwamalungu okuphefumla

Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla (i-ARDS) yimeko enzulu ebonakaliswa yioksijini esegazini. I-ARDS iyakuchaphazela ukuba sele unengxaki yezempilo enje ngezi:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• ukudumba kwenjeke (ukudumba kwepancreas)
• umonzakalo omkhulu
• ispsis
• ukwenzakala kakhulu ebuchotsheni
• ukwenzakala kwemiphunga okubangelwa kukusezela umsi okanye iimveliso zeekhemikhali

Inokwenzeka ngelixa usesibhedlele unyangwa imeko yakho.

Iziyobisi okanye utywala

Ukuba utywala kakhulu iziyobisi okanye usela utywala kakhulu, unokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo kwaye uthintele amandla akho okuphefumla okanye ukukhupha.

Ukusezela imichiza

Ukungenisa imichiza enetyhefu, umsi, okanye umsi kunokubangela ukusilela okuphefumlayo. Ezi khemikhali zinokwenzakalisa okanye zonakalise izicwili zemiphunga yakho, kubandakanya iisaka zomoya kunye neekapilari.

Ukubetha

Ukubetha kwenzeka xa ingqondo yakho isifa okanye yonakalise icala elinye okanye omabini amacala obuchopho. Rhoqo, ichaphazela icala elinye kuphela. Nangona ukubetha kubonisa iimpawu zokulumkisa, ezifana nentetho edibeneyo okanye ukudideka, kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unestroke, ungaphulukana namandla okuphefumla ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Usulelo

Usulelo ngunobangela oqhelekileyo woxinzelelo lokuphefumla. I-pneumonia ngokukodwa, inokubangela ukusilela kokuphefumla, nokuba akukho ARDS. Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, kwezinye iimeko inyumoniya ichaphazela onke amanqatha amahlanu emiphunga.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla?

Unokuba semngciphekweni wokungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla ukuba:

• ukutshaya iimveliso zecuba
• usele kakhulu utywala
• Unembali yosapho yesifo sokuphefumla okanye iimeko
• kugcina ukonzakala emqolo, kwingqondo, okanye esifubeni
• banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• uneengxaki ezingapheliyo (zexesha elide) zokuphefumla, njengomhlaza wemiphunga, isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), okanye isifuba

Ukuchonga ukusilela okuphefumlayo

Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumula kufuna unyango lwangoko. Unokufumana ioksijini yokukunceda uphefumle kunye nokuthintela ukubhubha kwamalungu emzimbeni nakwingqondo yakho.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ekuzinzisile, uya kuthatha amanyathelo athile okuchonga imeko yakho, enje:

• yenza uvavanyo lomzimba
• ndikubuze imibuzo malunga nosapho lwakho okanye imbali yezempilo yakho
• jonga amanqanaba eoksijini kunye necarbon dioxide yomzimba wakho ngesixhobo se-pulse oximetry kunye novavanyo lwegesi yegazi
• odola iX-ray yesifuba ukukhangela ukungaqheleki kwimiphunga yakho

Ukunyanga ukusilela okuphefumlayo

Unyango luhlala lujongana nazo naziphi na iimeko ezinokuba khona. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi aphathe ukusilela kwakho ekuphefumuleni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo.

• Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza eentlungu okanye amanye amayeza ukukunceda uphefumle ngcono.
• Ukuba unokuphefumla ngokwaneleyo ngokwakho kwaye i-hypoxemia yakho ithambile, unokufumana ioksijini kwitanki leoksijini ukukunceda uphefumle ngcono. Iitanki zomoya eziphathekayo ziyafumaneka ukuba imeko yakho ifuna enye.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla ngokwaneleyo ngokwakho, ugqirha wakho unokufaka ityhubhu yokuphefumla emlonyeni okanye empumlweni, kwaye uqhagamshele ityhubhu kumatshini wokuphefumla ukuze akuncede uphefumle.
• Ukuba ufuna inkxaso ye-ventilator yexesha elide, umsebenzi odala indlela yomoya eyenziweyo kwipeyiphu ebizwa ngokuba yitracheostomy kunokuba yimfuneko.
• Unokufumana ioksijini ngetanki leoksijini okanye isixhobo sokuphefumla ukukunceda uphefumle ngcono.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela kwixesha elide?

Unokubona ukuphucuka kokusebenza kwemiphunga ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho engaphantsi. Unokufuna kwakhona ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo yemiphunga, kubandakanya unyango lokuzilolonga, imfundo kunye neengcebiso.

Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumla kunokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwimiphunga yakho. Kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokusilela kokuphefumla.