Umhlaza weAdrenal

Umxholo

• Iindidi zamathumba adrenal
• Benign adenomas
• Iadrenal cortical carcinomas
• Ziintoni iimpawu zomhlaza weadrenal?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yomhlaza we-adrenal?
• Ufumanisa njani umhlaza we-adrenal?
• Luthini unyango lomhlaza we-adrenal?
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Olunye unyango
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Yintoni umhlaza we-adrenal?

Umhlaza we-Adrenal yimeko eyenzeka xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zingena ngaphakathi okanye zihambela iincindi zamadlala. Umzimba wakho unamadlala amabini adrenal, elinye libekwe ngaphezulu kwezintso nganye. Umhlaza we-adrenal uhlala uvela kumaleko angaphandle amadlala, okanye iadrenal cortex. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala njengethumba.

Ithumba elinomhlaza kwilungu le-adrenal libizwa ngokuba yi-adrenal cortical carcinoma. Ithumba elingahlanjululwanga le-adrenal gland libizwa ngokuba yi-benign adenoma.

Ukuba unomdlavuza kwiincindi ze-adrenal, kodwa ayizange ivele apho, ayithathwa njenge-adrenal cortical carcinoma. Umhlaza webele, isisu, izintso, ulusu kunye ne-lymphoma kunokwenzeka ukuba zisasazeke kwiingqumbo ze-adrenal.

Iindidi zamathumba adrenal

Benign adenomas

I-Benign adenomas incinci, ihlala iphantsi kwe-intshi ezimbini ubukhulu. Uninzi lwabantu olunolu hlobo lwethumba alunazo iimpawu. Ezi tumors zihlala zenzeka kwilungu elinye le-adrenal, kodwa zinokubonakala kuwo omabini amadlala kwiimeko ezinqabileyo.

Iadrenal cortical carcinomas

I-adrenal cortical carcinomas ihlala inkulu kakhulu kune-adenomas enobungozi. Ukuba ithumba lingaphezulu kweesentimitha ezi-2 ububanzi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba libe nomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, banokukhula babe baninzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba bacinezele kumalungu akho, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezininzi. Banokuvelisa ngamanye amaxesha iihormone ezibangela utshintsho emzimbeni.

Ziintoni iimpawu zomhlaza weadrenal?

Iimpawu zomhlaza we-adrenal zibangelwa kukuveliswa kakhulu kwehomoni. Ezi zi-androgen, i-estrogen, i-cortisol kunye ne-aldosterone. Iimpawu zinokuvela nakwizilonda ezinkulu ezicinezela kumalungu omzimba.

Iimpawu ze-androgen ezigqithileyo okanye ukuveliswa kwe-estrogen kulula ukuzibona ebantwaneni kunabantu abadala kuba utshintsho lomzimba luyasebenza kwaye luyabonakala ngexesha lokufikisa. Eminye imiqondiso yomhlaza we-adrenal ebantwaneni inokuba:

• i-pubic egqithisileyo, ikhwapha, kunye nokukhula kweenwele ebusweni
• ipeni eyandisiweyo
• iklitoris eyandisiweyo
• amabele amakhulu kubafana
• Ukufikisa kwangethuba emantombazaneni

Phantse kwisiqingatha sabantu abanomhlaza we-adrenal, iimpawu aziveli de ithumba libe likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba licinezele amanye amalungu. Abasetyhini abanezilonda ezibangela ukwanda kwe-androgen banokubona ukukhula kweenwele zobuso okanye ukujula kwelizwi. Amadoda anezidumba ezibangela ukwanda kwe-estrogen anokuqaphela ukwandiswa kwebele okanye ukuthamba kwebele. Ukuchonga ithumba kuba nzima ngakumbi kubafazi abane-estrogen engaphezulu kunye namadoda ane-androgen engaphezulu.

Iimpawu zomhlaza we-adrenal ovelisa i-cortisol engaphezulu kunye ne-aldosterone kubantu abadala inokubandakanya:

• igazi elonyukayo
• iswekile ephezulu yegazi
• ukutyeba kwakho
• amaxesha angaqhelekanga
• ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula
• ukudakumba
• ukuchama rhoqo
• izihlunu zemithambo

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yomhlaza we-adrenal?

Okwangoku, izazinzulu azazi ukuba yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-adrenal. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zomhlaza we-adrenal zibangelwa sisifo semfuza. Iimeko ezithile zinokukubeka emngciphekweni owandayo wokuba nomhlaza we-adrenal.

Oku kubandakanya:

• Isifo sika-Beckwith-Wiedemann, Sisifo esingaqhelekanga sokukhula esiphawulwa ngumzimba omkhulu kunye namalungu. Abantu abanesi sifo basengozini yomhlaza kwizintso kunye nesibindi.
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni, Sisiphazamiso esizuzwe njengelifa esibangela ukonyuka komngcipheko kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
• I-adenomatous polyposis (FAP) eqhelekileyo, esisimo esizuzwe njengelifa esaziwa ngamanani aphezulu eepolyps kumathumbu amakhulu akwabeka umngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza wekolon.
• Uhlobo lwe-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo 1 (MEN1), yimeko yelifa ebangela ukuba uninzi lwamathumba lukhule, zombini ezinobungozi kunye nezibi, kwizicubu ezivelisa iihomoni ezinje nge-pituitary, parathyroid kunye ne-pancreas.

Ukutshaya kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-adrenal, kodwa abukho ubungqina obuqinisekileyo okwangoku.

Ufumanisa njani umhlaza we-adrenal?

Ukuchonga umhlaza we-adrenal kuhlala kuqala kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Ugqirha wakho uza kutsala igazi kwaye aqokelele isampulu yomchamo yokuvavanya.

Ugqirha wakho angayalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezinje:

• umfanekiso okhokelwa ngumnxeba ocoliweyo
• i-ultrasound
• Iskena se-CT
• Ukuskena i-positron emission tomography (PET)
• Iskena seMRI
• i-adrenal angiography

Luthini unyango lomhlaza we-adrenal?

Unyango lwakwangoko ngamanye amaxesha lunokunyanga umhlaza we-adrenal. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zonyango olusemgangathweni lomhlaza we-adrenal:

Ugqirha

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-adrenalectomy, ebandakanya ukususa i-adrenal gland. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ugqirha wakho wotyando usenokususa i-lymph node ezikufuphi kunye nezicubu.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa i-X-reyi enamandla amakhulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza kunye nokuyeka iiseli zomhlaza ezintsha ekukhuleni.

Unyango ngamayeza

Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho, kungafuneka wenze ikhemotherapy. Olu hlobo lonyango lweziyobisi lomhlaza luyanceda ukumisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. I-Chemotherapy inokulawulwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha.

Ugqirha wakho unokudibanisa i-chemotherapy kunye nezinye iintlobo zonyango lomhlaza.

Olunye unyango

I-Ablation, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zesisu, kunokuba yimfuneko kwizidumba ezingakhuselekanga ukususa uqhaqho.

IMitotane (iLysodren) lelona chiza liqhelekileyo lisetyenziswayo kunyango lwe-adrenal cancer. Ngamanye amaxesha, inikwa emva kotyando. Inokuthintela ukuveliswa kakhulu kwehommone kwaye inokunceda ukunciphisa ubungakanani bethumba.

Unokuxoxa nangonyango lwakho lonyango, njengonyango lwebhayoloji, esebenzisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa iiseli zomhlaza.

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Ukuba uphuhlisa umhlaza we-adrenal, iqela loogqirha liya kusebenza nawe ukulungelelanisa ukhathalelo lwakho. Ukuqeshwa kokulandela kunye noogqirha bakho kubalulekile ukuba ubukhe wanethumba zedrenal ngaphambili. Umhlaza we-Adrenal ungabuya nanini na, ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unxibelelwano olusondeleyo neqela lakho lezonyango.