Agoraphobia

Umxholo

• Ziintoni Iimpawu zeAgoraphobia?
• Yintoni ebangela iAgoraphobia?
• I-Agoraphobia ichongwa njani?
• Iphathwa njani iAgoraphobia?
• Unyango
• Unyango ngengqondo
• Unyango lweCognitive Behaeveal Therapy (CBT)
• Unyango lokuBonisa
• Amayeza
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Yeyiphi imbonakalo yabantu abaneAgoraphobia?

Yintoni iAgoraphobia?

I-Agoraphobia luhlobo lwesifo sokukhathazeka esenza ukuba abantu baphephe iindawo kunye neemeko ezinokubangela bazive:

• ubambekile
• Ungenakuzinceda
• ndothuka
• ndineentloni
• Ndiyoyika

Abantu abane-agoraphobia bahlala beba neempawu zoloyiko, ezinje ngokubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezileyo kunye nesicefecefe, xa bezifumana bekwimeko yoxinzelelo. Banokufumana ezi mpawu ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwimeko abayoyikayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, imeko inokuba nzima kangangokuba abantu bayakuphepha ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokuya ebhankini okanye kwivenkile yokutya, kwaye bahlala emakhayeni abo ixesha elininzi emini.

IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo (NIMH) liqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezi-0.8 zabantu abadala baseMelika bane-agoraphobia. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-40 zamatyala zijongwa njengezinzima. Xa imeko ihambele phambili, i-agoraphobia inokukhubaza kakhulu. Abantu abane-agoraphobia bahlala beqonda ukuba uloyiko lwabo alunangqondo, kodwa abakwazi kwenza nto ngalo. Oku kunokuphazamisa ubudlelwane babo kunye nokusebenza emsebenzini okanye esikolweni.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-agoraphobia, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho. Kuxhomekeke kubuzima bemeko yakho, unyango lunokubandakanya unyango, amayeza, kunye neendlela zokuphila.

Ziintoni Iimpawu zeAgoraphobia?

Abantu abane-agoraphobia baqhelekile:

• boyika ukushiya ikhaya labo ixesha elide
• Ndoyika ukuba ndedwa kwimeko yezentlalo
• boyika ukuphulukana nolawulo kwindawo kawonke-wonke
• boyika ukuba kwindawo apho kunganzima ukubaleka, njengemoto okanye ikheshi
• Ukuzinza okanye ukwahluka kwabanye
• ixhala okanye ukuphazamiseka

I-Agoraphobia ihlala ihambelana noloyiko. Uhlaselo loloyiko luthotho lweempawu ezithi ngamanye amaxesha zenzeke kubantu abanexhala kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Ukuhlaselwa kukothuka kungabandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zomzimba, ezinje:

• iintlungu zesifuba
• intliziyo ebalekayo
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• isiyezi
• ndingcangcazela
• ukukrwitshwa
• ukubila
• kushushu
• Ukugodola
• isicaphucaphu
• urhudo
• ukuba ndindisholo
• ukuva ukuva

Abantu abane-agoraphobia banokufumana uhlaselo lunkwantyo naninina xa bengena kwimeko yoxinzelelo okanye engonwabisiyo, ethi inyuse uloyiko lwabo lokuba bakwimeko yokungonwabi.

Yintoni ebangela iAgoraphobia?

Oyena nobangela we-agoraphobia awaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezaziwa ngokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-agoraphobia. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukudakumba
• ezinye i-phobias, ezinje nge-claustrophobia kunye ne-phobia yentlalo
• Olunye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, njengokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo ngokubanzi okanye ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo
• Imbali yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo
• ingxaki yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
• Imbali yosapho ye-agoraphobia

I-Agoraphobia ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Ihlala iqala ebudaleni, kunye neminyaka engama-20 ingumndilili wobudala bokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zale meko zinokuvela nangaliphi na ixesha.

I-Agoraphobia ichongwa njani?

I-Agoraphobia ifunyaniswa isekelwe kwiimpawu kunye neempawu. Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga neempawu zakho, kubandakanya ukuba baqale nini kwaye ubafumana kangaphi.Baza kubuza imibuzo enxulumene nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yosapho ngokunjalo. Banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukunceda ukulawula izizathu zomzimba kwiimpawu zakho.

Ukuze ufumane ukuba une-agoraphobia, iimpawu zakho kufuneka zifezekise iikhrayitheriya ezithile ezidweliswe kwi-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). I-DSM yincwadana esisoloko sisetyenziswa ngababoneleli bezempilo ukufumanisa imeko zempilo yengqondo.

Kuya kufuneka uzive usoyika kakhulu okanye unxunguphele kwezi meko zimbini zilandelayo zokuchongwa une-agoraphobia:

• usebenzisa izithuthi zikawonkewonke, ezinje ngololiwe okanye ibhasi
• ukuba kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ezinjengevenkile okanye indawo yokupaka
• ukuba kwizithuba ezivaliweyo, ezinjengelifti okanye imoto
• ukuba phakathi kwesihlwele
• ukuba kude nekhaya ndedwa

Kukho iikhrayitheriya ezongezelelweyo zokuchonga ukungonwabi nge-agoraphobia. Kuya kufuneka uphinde uhlaselwe kukuphakuzela, kwaye ubuncinci ukuhlaselwa kukothuka kufuneka kulandelwe:

• uloyiko lokuhlaselwa kakhulu
• uloyiko lweziphumo zokoyika, njengokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukuphulukana nolawulo
• Utshintsho kwindlela oziphethe ngayo ngenxa yokuphakuzela

Awunakufunyaniswa une-agoraphobia ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa sesinye isifo. Kananjalo azinakubangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye esinye isigulo.

Iphathwa njani iAgoraphobia?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-agoraphobia. Uya kudinga indibaniselwano yeendlela zonyango.

Unyango

Unyango ngengqondo

I-Psychotherapy, ekwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lokuthetha, kubandakanya ukudibana nonyango okanye enye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo rhoqo. Oku kukunika ithuba lokuthetha ngoloyiko lwakho nayo nayiphi na imiba enokuba negalelo kuloyiko lwakho. I-Psychotherapy ihlala idityaniswa namayeza okusebenza ngokukuko. Ngokuqhelekileyo unyango lwexesha elifutshane olunokumiswa xa ukwazi ukujamelana noloyiko kunye noxinzelelo.

Unyango lweCognitive Behaeveal Therapy (CBT)

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lonyango lwengqondo olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abane-agoraphobia. I-CBT inokukunceda uqonde iimvakalelo eziphosakeleyo kunye neembono ezinxulumene ne-agoraphobia. Inokukufundisa nokuba usebenze njani kwiimeko zoxinzelelo ngokutshintsha iingcinga eziphosakeleyo ngeengcinga eziphilileyo, ukuvumela ukuba uphinde ubenolawulo ebomini bakho.

Unyango lokuBonisa

Unyango lokuveza ulwazi lunokukunceda woyise uloyiko lwakho. Kolu hlobo lonyango, ubonakalise kancinci kwaye ngokuthe chu iimeko okanye iindawo ozoyikayo. Oku kunokwenza uloyiko lwakho linciphise ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Amayeza

Amayeza athile anokunceda ekunciphiseni i-agoraphobia okanye iimpawu zokuhlaselwa kukothuka. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo, enjenge-paroxetine (Paxil) okanye i-fluoxetine (Prozac)
• i-serotonin ekhethiweyo kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, efana ne-venlafaxine (i-Effexor) okanye i-duloxetine (iCymbalta)
• i-tricyclic antidepressants, efana ne-amitriptyline (Elavil) okanye i-nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo, njenge-alprazolam (Xanax) okanye i-clonazepam (iKlonopin)

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alunakunyanga i-agoraphobia, kodwa zinokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwemihla ngemihla. Unokufuna ukuzama:

• ukwenza umthambo rhoqo ukonyusa imveliso yeekhemikhali zobuchopho ezikwenza ukuba uzive wonwabile kwaye ukhululekile
• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni okuneenkozo, imifuno, kunye neeprotein ezincinci ukuze uzive ungcono jikelele
• ukuziqhelanisa nokucamngca mihla le okanye ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokulwa nokuhlaselwa kukothuka

Ngexesha lonyango, kungcono ukuphepha ukuthatha izongezo zokutya kunye namayeza. Ezi nyango zendalo azibonakaliswanga ukunyanga uxinzelelo, kwaye zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamayeza amiselweyo.

Yeyiphi imbonakalo yabantu abaneAgoraphobia?

Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela i-agoraphobia. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwakwangoko lwexhala okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokunceda. Ngonyango, unethuba elihle lokuba ngcono. Unyango luthanda ukuba lula kwaye lukhawuleze xa luqala kwangoko, ke ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-agoraphobia, musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna uncedo. Esi sifo sinokuphazamisa ekubeni sikuthintela ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Akukho lunyango, kodwa unyango lunokuzikhulula kakhulu iimpawu zakho kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho.