Xa isenzeka kwaye ichongwa njani i-Alzheimer kubantu abancinci

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ze-Alzheimer kubantu abancinci
• Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Alzheimer's. Thatha uvavanyo okanye ufumanise ukuba ngowuphi umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.
• Loluphi ulutsha olusemngciphekweni omkhulu
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ukrokrela

Isifo i-Alzheimer luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, esibangela ukonakala kunye nokonakala kwengqondo okuqhubela phambili. Iimpawu zibonakala ngokuthe ngcembe, ekuqaleni ngokusilela kwememori, ezinokuthi ziqhubeke nokudideka kwengqondo, ukungakhathali, utshintsho kwiimvakalelo kunye nobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokupheka okanye ukuhlawula amatyala umzekelo.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kubantu abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka kubantu abadala abancinci. Xa sichaphazela abantu abancinci, esi sifo kuthiwa yi-Alzheimer's early, okanye usapho, sisimo esinqabileyo kwaye senzeka kuphela ngenxa yemfuza kunye nezizathu zofuzo, kwaye sinokubonakala emva kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba zeziphi izizathu ze-Alzheimer's kunye nendlela yokuchonga.

Iimpawu ze-Alzheimer kubantu abancinci

Iimpawu zesifo sika-Alzheimer ziqhubela phambili, oko kukuthi, zibonakala ngokuthe ngcembe. Yiyo loo nto imiqondiso kunye neempawu zokuqala zinobuqili, zihlala zingabonakali, kodwa ziya zisiba mbi ngaphezulu kweenyanga okanye iminyaka.

Iimpawu zokuqala	Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukulibala apho ugcine khona izinto;	Ukudideka kwengqondo;
Ukuba nobunzima bokukhumbula amagama abantu, iidilesi okanye iinombolo zabantu;	Ukuthetha izinto ezingenantsingiselo;
Gcina izinto kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga;	Ukungakhathali kunye noxinzelelo;
Libala imicimbi ebalulekileyo;	Ukuwa rhoqo;
Ubunzima bokuziqhelanisa nexesha kunye nendawo;	Ukungabikho kolungelelaniso;
Kunzima ukwenza izibalo okanye amagama opelo;	Ukungahambi kakuhle komchamo kunye nelindle;
Unobunzima bokukhumbula imisebenzi oyenze rhoqo, njengokupheka okanye ukuthunga.	Ubunzima kwimisebenzi esisiseko yemihla ngemihla, njengokuhlamba, ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela nokuthetha emnxebeni.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubukho benye okanye ezinye zeempawu abuqinisekisi ubukho be-Alzheimer's, njengoko zinokwenzeka kwezinye iimeko, ezinje ngabantu abanexhala noxinzelelo, umzekelo, abafuna ukubonisana nogqirha wezigulo zengqondo, ugqirha wezamayeza okanye ugqirha ngokubanzi wokuvavanya amathuba.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ilungu losapho linokuba nesi sifo, yenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

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Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Alzheimer's. Thatha uvavanyo okanye ufumanise ukuba ngowuphi umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.

Qalisa uvavanyo Ngaba inkumbulo yakho ilungile?

• Ndinenkumbulo elungileyo, nangona kukho ukulibala okuncinci okungaphazamisiyo kubomi bam bemihla ngemihla.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ndiyazilibala izinto ezinjengombuzo abandibuze wona, ndiyazilibala izibophelelo kwaye ndizishiye phi izitshixo.
• Ndidla ngokulibala into ebendiyenza ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlala, okanye kwigumbi lokulala kunye nento endiyenzayo.
• Andikhumbuli ulwazi olulula nolutsha njengegama lomntu endisandula ukudibana naye, nokuba ndizama nzima.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhumbule apho ndikhona kwaye ngoobani abantu abandingqongileyo.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba loluphi usuku?

• Ndihlala ndikwazi ukubona abantu, iindawo kunye nokwazi ukuba loluphi usuku.
• Andikhumbuli kakuhle ukuba loluphi usuku namhlanje kwaye ndinobunzima bokugcina imihla.
• Andiqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi inyanga, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukubona iindawo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ndibhidekile kwiindawo ezintsha kwaye ndingalahleka.
• Andikhumbuli kakuhle ukuba ngubani amalungu osapho lwam, apho ndihlala khona kwaye andikhumbuli kwanto kwixa elidlulileyo.
• Into endiyaziyo ligama lam, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ndikhumbula amagama abantwana bam, abazukulwana okanye ezinye izalamane

Usenako ukwenza izigqibo?

• Ndiyakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zemihla ngemihla kwaye ndijongana kakuhle nemicimbi yobuqu kunye neyezezimali.
• Ndinobunzima bokuqonda ezinye izinto ezingaqondakaliyo ezinje ngesizathu sokuba umntu abe lusizi, umzekelo.
• Ndiziva ndingazithembanga kwaye ndiyoyika ukwenza izigqibo yiyo loo nto ndikhetha abanye ukuba bandenzele isigqibo.
• Andiziva ndikwazi ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki kwaye isigqibo endisithathayo yile nto ndifuna ukuyitya.
• Andikwazi ukwenza naziphi na izigqibo kwaye ndixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuncedo lwabanye.

Ngaba usenobomi obusebenzayo ngaphandle kwekhaya?

• Ewe ndingasebenza ngokwesiqhelo, ndiyothenga, ndibandakanyeka eluntwini, ecaweni nakwamanye amaqela oluntu.
• Ewe, kodwa ndiyaqala ukuba nobunzima ekuqhubeni kodwa ndiziva ndikhuselekile kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ndingamelana njani neemeko zikaxakeka okanye ezingacwangciswanga.
• Ewe, kodwa andikwazi ukuba ndedwa kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo kwaye ndifuna umntu oza kundikhapha kwizibophelelo zentlalo ukuze ndikwazi ukubonakala njengomntu "oqhelekileyo" kwabanye.
• Hayi, andiyishiyi ndodwa indlu kuba andinawo amandla kwaye ndihlala ndifuna uncedo.
• Hayi, andikwazi ukushiya indlu ndedwa kwaye ndiyagula kakhulu ukuba ndingenza njalo.

Zinjani izakhono ekhaya?

• Kakhulu. Ndisenayo imisebenzi yasekhaya, ndinezinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo.
• Andisaziva ndifuna ukwenza nantoni na ekhaya, kodwa ukuba bayanyanzelisa, ndingazama ukwenza into.
• Ndiyishiye ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yam, kunye nezinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo.
• Into endiyaziyo kukuhlamba ndedwa, ukunxiba nokubukela umabonwakude, kwaye andikwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi endlini.
• Andikwazi ukwenza nantoni na ndedwa kwaye ndifuna uncedo ngayo yonke into.

Injani impilo yakho?

• Ndiyakwazi ukuzikhathalela, ukunxiba, ukuhlamba, ukuhlamba kunye nokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela.
• Ndiqala ukuba nobunzima ekunyamekeleni ucoceko lwam.
• Ndifuna abanye bandikhumbuze ukuba kufuneka ndiye kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukujongana neemfuno zam ndedwa.
• Ndidinga uncedo lokunxiba nokuzicoca kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndichamela iimpahla zam.
• Andinakwenza nantoni na ndedwa kwaye ndifuna umntu oza kundikhathalela.

Ngaba indlela oziphatha ngayo iyatshintsha?

• Ndinendlela yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo ekuhlaleni kwaye akukho lutshintsho kubuntu bam.
• Ndineenguqu ezincinci kwindlela yam yokuziphatha, ubuntu kunye nolawulo lweemvakalelo.
• Ubuntu bam buyatshintsha kancinci kancinci, ngaphambi kokuba ndibenobuhlobo kakhulu kwaye ngoku ndonwabile.
• Athi nditshintshe kakhulu andisenguye kwalomntu kwaye sele ndiphetshwa ngabahlobo bam bakudala, abamelwane kunye nezihlobo ezikude.
• Indlela endiziphethe ngayo yatshintsha kakhulu ndaye ndangumntu onzima nongathandekiyo.

Ngaba uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle?

• Andinangxaki ekuthetheni okanye ekubhaleni.
• Ndiqala ukuba nobunzima ekufumaneni amagama afanelekileyo kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba indlela endiqiqa ngayo.
• Kuya kusiba nzima ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo kwaye bendinengxaki yokubiza amagama kwaye ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ndinamagama amancinci.
• Kunzima kakhulu ukunxibelelana, ndinobunzima kumagama, ukuqonda ukuba bathini na kum kwaye andikwazi kufunda okanye ukubhala.
• Andikwazi ukunxibelelana, ndithetha phantse akukho nto, andibhali kwaye andiqondi kakuhle ukuba bathini na kum.

Injani imood yakho?

• Ngokwesiqhelo, andiqapheli lutshintsho kwiimvakalelo zam, umdla okanye inkuthazo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ndiziva ndilusizi, ndisoyika, ndinexhala okanye ndidandathekile, kodwa ndingenaxhala lanto ebomini.
• Ndibuhlungu, ndinovalo okanye ndinexhala yonke imihla kwaye oku kuye kwanda rhoqo.
• Yonke imihla ndiziva ndibuhlungu, ndisoyika, ndinexhala okanye ndidandathekile kwaye andinamdla okanye inkuthazo yokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi.
• Usizi, uxinzelelo, unxunguphalo kunye novalo ngamaqabane am emihla ngemihla kwaye ndiye ndaphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto kwaye andisashukunyiselwa nantoni na.

Ngaba unako ukugxila kwaye unake?

• Ndijonge ngokugqibeleleyo, ukugxila okuhle kunye nokunxibelelana okukhulu nayo yonke into ejikeleze mna.
• Ndiqala ukuba nexesha elinzima lokunikela ingqalelo kwinto ethile kwaye ndiyozela emini.
• Ndinobunzima ekuqwalaseleni nasekugxininiseni okuncinci, ke ndinokuhlala ndikhangele kwinqanaba okanye ndivale amehlo ixesha elithile, ngaphandle kokulala.
• Ndichitha ixesha elimnandi lokulala, andihoyanga kwanto kwaye xa ndithetha ndithetha izinto ezingenangqiqo okanye ezingenanto yakwenza nesihloko sencoko.
• Andinakho ukuhoya nantoni na kwaye andijolisanga kwaphela.

Edlulileyo Elandelayo

Loluphi ulutsha olusemngciphekweni omkhulu

Kwangoko, okanye usapho, isifo se-Alzheimer senzeka ngaphantsi kwe-10% yamatyala esi sifo, kwaye senzeka ngenxa yezizathu zofuzo. Ke, abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu ngabo sele benesalamane esisondeleyo kolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, njengabazali okanye ootatomkhulu, umzekelo.

Abantwana babantu abanesifo sika-Alzheimer banokufumana uvavanyo lofuzo, olunokubonisa ukuba ngaba ukhona umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo, njenge-Apolipoprotein E genotyping, kodwa luvavanyo lwemfuza olubizayo kwaye luyafumaneka kumaziko ambalwa e-neurology.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ukrokrela

Ukuba isifo se-Alzheimer siyarhanelwa kubantu abancinci, kubalulekile ukuba ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wemithambo-luvo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, uvavanyo lomzimba, uvavanyo lweememori kunye noku-odola uvavanyo lwegazi.

Kungenxa yokuba, esi sifo sinqabile kubantu abangalupheleyo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba utshintsho kwimemori lunokwenzeka kwezinye izizathu, ezinje:

• Ixhala;
• Uxinzelelo;
• Izifo zengqondo, ezinje ngengxaki yokuguquguquka kwengqondo;
• Ukunqongophala kweVitamin, njengevithamini B12;
• Izifo ezosulelayo, ezifana negcushuwa okanye i-HIV;
• Izifo ze-Endocrinological, ezinje ngehypothyroidism;
• Ukulimala kwengqondo, okubangelwa kukuxhwaleka kwiingozi okanye emva kokubetha.

Olu tshintsho lunokuphazamisa inkumbulo kwaye lubangele ukudideka kwengqondo, ukudideka kakhulu sisifo se-Alzheimer's. Ke, unyango luya kuba lucacisiwe kwaye ngokwesizathu, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-antidepressants, i-antipsychotic okanye i-thyroid hormone, umzekelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo se-Alzheimer kwangoko siqinisekisiwe, unyango luya kukhokelwa yi-neurologist, enokuthi ibonise ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, anje ngeDonepezila, iGalantamina okanye iRivastigmine, ukongeza kwimisebenzi efana nonyango lomsebenzi, unyango lomzimba kunye nomzimba ukuzilolonga, eyimisebenzi ebonakaliswe ngokukodwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo ukukhuthaza inkumbulo kunye nokunceda ekwenzeni imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokhetho ezikhoyo ezinokufumaneka kwisifo i-Alzheimer's.

Kwiphepha lethu ipodcast Isazi sezondlo uTatiana Zanin, umongikazi uManuel Reis kunye nochwephesha womzimba uMarcelle Pinheiro, bacacisa amathandabuzo aphambili malunga nokutya, imisebenzi yomzimba, ukhathalelo kunye nokuthintela i-Alzheimer's: