I-Alzheimer's kwangoko: yintoni, izizathu kunye nendlela yokuchonga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Alzheimer's. Thatha uvavanyo okanye ufumanise ukuba ngowuphi umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.
• Ubudala buqala nini ukuba ne-Alzheimer's?
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Isifo i-Alzheimer saphambi kwexesha okanye njengoko ibizwa njalo, "sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo", sisifo semfuza esiqala ngokuzalwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, esihlala siphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-50, kwaye senzeka ngenxa yokugqitha kweprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-tau kunye ne-beta- ii-amyloids kwingqondo, ngakumbi kwinxalenye enoxanduva lokuthetha kunye nenkumbulo.

Isifo i-Alzheimer's kwangoko sikhokelela ekuphulukaneni nokuqonda kunye neempawu zayo eziphambili kukusilela kwememori okanye ilahleko, kodwa ukudideka kwengqondo, ubundlongondlongo kunye nobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla nazo zinokubakho.

Xa iimpawu zokuqala zivela, zihlala zididekile noxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka, yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele, ngakumbi xa kukho imbali yosapho yesi sifo, kuba ukuxilongwa ekuqaleni kubalulekile ukuze umntu akwazi Unyango ngaphambi kokuwohloka kweempawu, iimpawu, ukongeza kwinto yokuba isifo sinokulawulwa ngokulula.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Isifo i-Alzheimer sibangela ukulahleka kwengqondo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kwesizathu, senza ezi mpawu zilandelayo zibonakale:

• Ukulibala izinto eziqhelekileyo, ubusitya njani isidlo sasemini okanye hayi;
• Ukungaphumeleli kwimemori rhoqo, indlela yokushiya ikhaya ulibale indlela ohamba ngayo;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo, njengokungazi ukuba uphi okanye wenzeni apho;
• Gcina izinto kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga, njengefowuni ngaphakathi kwifriji;
• Hlala uthe cwaka ixesha elide embindini wencoko;
• Ukuphuthelwa, ubunzima bokulala okanye ukuvuka ngexesha lasebusuku;
• Kunzima ukwenza iiakhawunti ezilula, njengo-3 x 4, okanye ucinge ngokuqiqayo;
• Ukuphulukana nentshukumo, njengobunzima bokuvuka wedwa;
• Ukukhathazeka nokudakumba, njengosizi olungadluliyo kunye nomnqweno wokuzahlula;
• Ukwabelana ngesondo, ukuphulula amalungu esini esidlangalaleni okanye intetho engafanelekanga inokwenzeka;
• Ukucaphuka ukugqithisa ngokungazikhumbuli izinto ezithile okanye ukungayiqondi imeko ethile;
• Ubundlongondlongo, indlela yokubetha usapho kunye nabahlobo, ukuphosa izinto edongeni okanye kumgangatho;
• Ukungakhathali, ngokungathi akukho nto ibalulekileyo.

Ukuba kukho urhano lokuba ne-Alzheimer kuwe okanye kumntu osondeleyo kuwe, olu vavanyo lulandelayo lujongana nemibuzo eli-10 malunga nobomi bemihla ngemihla, ebonisa ukuba ngaba ukhona umngcipheko wokuba yi-Alzheimer's:

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Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Alzheimer's. Thatha uvavanyo okanye ufumanise ukuba ngowuphi umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.

Qalisa uvavanyo Ngaba inkumbulo yakho ilungile?

• Ndinenkumbulo elungileyo, nangona kukho ukulibala okuncinci okungaphazamisiyo kubomi bam bemihla ngemihla.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ndiyazilibala izinto ezinjengombuzo abandibuze wona, ndiyazilibala izibophelelo kwaye ndizishiye phi izitshixo.
• Ndidla ngokulibala into ebendiyenza ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlala, okanye kwigumbi lokulala kunye nento endiyenzayo.
• Andikhumbuli ulwazi olulula nolutsha njengegama lomntu endisandula ukudibana naye, nokuba ndizama nzima.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhumbule apho ndikhona kwaye ngoobani abantu abandingqongileyo.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba loluphi usuku?

• Ndihlala ndikwazi ukubona abantu, iindawo kunye nokwazi ukuba loluphi usuku.
• Andikhumbuli kakuhle ukuba loluphi usuku namhlanje kwaye ndinobunzima bokugcina imihla.
• Andiqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi inyanga, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukubona iindawo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ndibhidekile kwiindawo ezintsha kwaye ndingalahleka.
• Andikhumbuli kakuhle ukuba ngubani amalungu osapho lwam, apho ndihlala khona kwaye andikhumbuli kwanto kwixa elidlulileyo.
• Into endiyaziyo ligama lam, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ndikhumbula amagama abantwana bam, abazukulwana okanye ezinye izalamane

Usenako ukwenza izigqibo?

• Ndiyakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zemihla ngemihla kwaye ndijongana kakuhle nemicimbi yobuqu kunye neyezezimali.
• Ndinobunzima bokuqonda ezinye izinto ezingaqondakaliyo ezinje ngesizathu sokuba umntu abe lusizi, umzekelo.
• Ndiziva ndingazithembanga kwaye ndiyoyika ukwenza izigqibo yiyo loo nto ndikhetha abanye ukuba bandenzele isigqibo.
• Andiziva ndikwazi ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki kwaye isigqibo endisithathayo yile nto ndifuna ukuyitya.
• Andikwazi ukwenza naziphi na izigqibo kwaye ndixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuncedo lwabanye.

Ngaba usenobomi obusebenzayo ngaphandle kwekhaya?

• Ewe ndingasebenza ngokwesiqhelo, ndiyothenga, ndibandakanyeka eluntwini, ecaweni nakwamanye amaqela oluntu.
• Ewe, kodwa ndiyaqala ukuba nobunzima ekuqhubeni kodwa ndiziva ndikhuselekile kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ndingamelana njani neemeko zikaxakeka okanye ezingacwangciswanga.
• Ewe, kodwa andikwazi ukuba ndedwa kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo kwaye ndifuna umntu oza kundikhapha kwizibophelelo zentlalo ukuze ndikwazi ukubonakala njengomntu "oqhelekileyo" kwabanye.
• Hayi, andiyishiyi ndodwa indlu kuba andinawo amandla kwaye ndihlala ndifuna uncedo.
• Hayi, andikwazi ukushiya indlu ndedwa kwaye ndiyagula kakhulu ukuba ndingenza njalo.

Zinjani izakhono ekhaya?

• Kakhulu. Ndisenayo imisebenzi yasekhaya, ndinezinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo.
• Andisaziva ndifuna ukwenza nantoni na ekhaya, kodwa ukuba bayanyanzelisa, ndingazama ukwenza into.
• Ndiyishiye ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yam, kunye nezinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo.
• Into endiyaziyo kukuhlamba ndedwa, ukunxiba nokubukela umabonwakude, kwaye andikwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi endlini.
• Andikwazi ukwenza nantoni na ndedwa kwaye ndifuna uncedo ngayo yonke into.

Injani impilo yakho?

• Ndiyakwazi ukuzikhathalela, ukunxiba, ukuhlamba, ukuhlamba kunye nokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela.
• Ndiqala ukuba nobunzima ekunyamekeleni ucoceko lwam.
• Ndifuna abanye bandikhumbuze ukuba kufuneka ndiye kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukujongana neemfuno zam ndedwa.
• Ndidinga uncedo lokunxiba nokuzicoca kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndichamela iimpahla zam.
• Andinakwenza nantoni na ndedwa kwaye ndifuna umntu oza kundikhathalela.

Ngaba indlela oziphatha ngayo iyatshintsha?

• Ndinendlela yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo ekuhlaleni kwaye akukho lutshintsho kubuntu bam.
• Ndineenguqu ezincinci kwindlela yam yokuziphatha, ubuntu kunye nolawulo lweemvakalelo.
• Ubuntu bam buyatshintsha kancinci kancinci, ngaphambi kokuba ndibenobuhlobo kakhulu kwaye ngoku ndonwabile.
• Athi nditshintshe kakhulu andisenguye kwalomntu kwaye sele ndiphetshwa ngabahlobo bam bakudala, abamelwane kunye nezihlobo ezikude.
• Indlela endiziphethe ngayo yatshintsha kakhulu ndaye ndangumntu onzima nongathandekiyo.

Ngaba uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle?

• Andinangxaki ekuthetheni okanye ekubhaleni.
• Ndiqala ukuba nobunzima ekufumaneni amagama afanelekileyo kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba indlela endiqiqa ngayo.
• Kuya kusiba nzima ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo kwaye bendinengxaki yokubiza amagama kwaye ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ndinamagama amancinci.
• Kunzima kakhulu ukunxibelelana, ndinobunzima kumagama, ukuqonda ukuba bathini na kum kwaye andikwazi kufunda okanye ukubhala.
• Andikwazi ukunxibelelana, ndithetha phantse akukho nto, andibhali kwaye andiqondi kakuhle ukuba bathini na kum.

Injani imood yakho?

• Ngokwesiqhelo, andiqapheli lutshintsho kwiimvakalelo zam, umdla okanye inkuthazo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ndiziva ndilusizi, ndisoyika, ndinexhala okanye ndidandathekile, kodwa ndingenaxhala lanto ebomini.
• Ndibuhlungu, ndinovalo okanye ndinexhala yonke imihla kwaye oku kuye kwanda rhoqo.
• Yonke imihla ndiziva ndibuhlungu, ndisoyika, ndinexhala okanye ndidandathekile kwaye andinamdla okanye inkuthazo yokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi.
• Usizi, uxinzelelo, unxunguphalo kunye novalo ngamaqabane am emihla ngemihla kwaye ndiye ndaphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto kwaye andisashukunyiselwa nantoni na.

Ngaba unako ukugxila kwaye unake?

• Ndijonge ngokugqibeleleyo, ukugxila okuhle kunye nokunxibelelana okukhulu nayo yonke into ejikeleze mna.
• Ndiqala ukuba nexesha elinzima lokunikela ingqalelo kwinto ethile kwaye ndiyozela emini.
• Ndinobunzima ekuqwalaseleni nasekugxininiseni okuncinci, ke ndinokuhlala ndikhangele kwinqanaba okanye ndivale amehlo ixesha elithile, ngaphandle kokulala.
• Ndichitha ixesha elimnandi lokulala, andihoyanga kwanto kwaye xa ndithetha ndithetha izinto ezingenangqiqo okanye ezingenanto yakwenza nesihloko sencoko.
• Andinakho ukuhoya nantoni na kwaye andijolisanga kwaphela.

Edlulileyo Elandelayo

Ubudala buqala nini ukuba ne-Alzheimer's?

Ngokwesiqhelo i-Alzheimer's ekuqaleni ivela phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala, nangona kunjalo akukho minyaka ingqalileyo yokuqalisa, njengoko kukho iingxelo zokubonakala kokubini kwiminyaka engama-27 nengama-51 ubudala, ke kuyacetyiswa kubantu abanembali yosapho, bazi iimpawu, njengoko zihlala zingahoywa kwaye zidideke ngoxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka.

Kwimeko ye-Alzheimer's kwangoko, iimpawu zesi sifo zibekwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunasebekhulile kwaye ukungakwazi ukuzikhathalela kubonakala kwangoko. Yazi indlela yokuqonda iimpawu ze-Alzheimer kubantu abadala.

Ke, ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa okuncinci kwesi sifo, kuyabonakaliswa ukuba kufuneka kufunwe ugqirha wemithambo-luvo ukuze afumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwaye aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza, ngale ndlela, nangona kungekho nyango, inokubambezeleka kokuvela kwayo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer kwangoko kwenziwa ngokujonga iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo, ukukhutshwa kwezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, iimvavanyo zememori kunye nokuqonda, iingxelo ezivela emntwini nakwintsapho kunye nobungqina bokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngovavanyo lwe-imaging, ezinje ngemagneti yesandi imaging (MRI) okanye ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yokakayi.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Okwangoku, akukho lunyango lwe-Alzheimer's kwangoko, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo ohamba neli tyala unokumisela amachiza ukunciphisa impembelelo yeempawu kubomi bomntu, njenge-donepezil, i-rivastigmine, i-galantamine okanye i-memantine, enceda ukugcina ukusebenza kwengqondo kwengqondo.

Ukongeza kumayeza okuphucula umgangatho wokulala kunye nomoya umzekelo, kunye nokubonisa unyango lwengqondo ukuqala. Kusenokucetyiswa ukuba utshintshe indlela otya ngayo, unike ukutya okokutya kwendalo kunye nezinto zomzimba mihla le.

Kwi-podcast yethu ugqirha wezondlo uTatiana Zanin, umongikazi uManuel Reis kunye nogqirha womzimba uMarcelle Pinheiro, ucacisa amathandabuzo aphambili malunga nokutya, imisebenzi yomzimba, ukhathalelo kunye nokuthintela i-Alzheimer's: