Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokugonywa kwe-anthrax

Umxholo

• Malunga nogonyo lwe-anthrax
• Ngubani ofumana eliyeza?
• Unikwa njani isitofu sokugonya?
• Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili
• Ukuvezwa emva
• Ngubani ongafanele ayifumane?
• Imiphumela
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinqabileyo nezingxamisekileyo
• Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi
• Izinto zokugonya
• Ugonyo lwe-anthrax ezindabeni
• Umgca wezantsi

I-Anthrax sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba Isicatshulwa seBacillus. Ayifane ifumaneke e-United States, kodwa ukuqhambuka kwezifo ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka. Inokubanakho ukusetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-biological.

Iintsholongwane ze-anthrax zingenza izakhiwo ezolileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-spores ezomelele kakhulu. Xa ezi spores zingena emzimbeni, iibhaktheriya zinokuphinda zisebenze kwaye zibangele isifo esibi nokuba sibulalayo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nogonyo lwe-anthrax, ngubani omele ayifumane, kunye nokuba zeziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Malunga nogonyo lwe-anthrax

Inye kuphela isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax e-United States. Igama lalo gama nguBioThrax. Ungayibona ibizwa ngokuba yi-anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA).

I-AVA iveliswa kusetyenziswa uhlobo lwe-anthrax ene-avirulent, oko kuthetha ukuba akunakulindeleka ukuba kubangele izifo. Isitofu sokugonya asiqulathanga naziphi na iiseli zebacteria.

Endaweni yokuba i-AVA yenziwe yinkcubeko yebacteria ecociweyo. Isisombululo esinyumba esivelisayo siqulathe iiproteni ezenziwe yintsholongwane ngexesha lokukhula.

Enye yezi proteni ibizwa ngokuba yi-antigen yokhuselo (PA). I-PA yenye yezinto ezintathu zetyhefu ye-anthrax, ekhutshwa yintsholongwane ngexesha losulelo. Kukukhupha le tyhefu kunokubangela ukugula okunzulu.

I-AVA ivuselela amajoni akho omzimba ukuba avelise ii-antibodies kwi-protein ye-PA. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokunceda ekuthomalaliseni iityhefu ze-anthrax ukuba unokusifumana esi sifo.

Ngubani ofumana eliyeza?

Ugonyo lwe-anthrax ngokwesiqhelo alufumaneki kuluntu jikelele. Okwangoku icebisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya masinikwe kuphela amaqela athile.

La maqela ngabantu abanokudibana ne-anthrax bacteria. Babandakanya abantu abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kuma-65 aba:

• abasebenzi baselebhu abasebenza nebhaktiriya ye-anthrax
• abantu abasebenza ngezilwanyana okanye iimveliso zezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, njengabasebenzi bezilwanyana
• abasebenzi abathile baseMelika (njengoko kumiselwe liSebe lezoKhuseleko)
• abantu abangagonywanga abaye babhencwa kwintsholongwane ye-anthrax

Unikwa njani isitofu sokugonya?

Isitofu sokugonya sinikwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kukuvezwa kwangaphambili nasemva kokubhencwa kwi-anthrax.

Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili

Ukuthintela, isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax sinikwa ngeedosi ezintlanu zethambo. Iidosi zinikwa i-1, 6, 12, kunye neenyanga ezili-18 emva kwethamo lokuqala, ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza kwiidosi ezintathu zokuqala, izikhuthazi ziyacetyiswa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezili-12 emva kwedosi yokugqibela. Kuba ukhuseleko lunokwehla ngokuhamba kwexesha, izixhasi ziyakunika ukhuseleko oluqhubekekayo kubantu abanokuthi babhencwe kwi-anthrax.

Ukuvezwa emva

Xa isitofu sokugonya sisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abangagonyelwanga abachanabeke kwi-anthrax, ishedyuli icinezelwe kwiidosi ezintathu ezingaphantsi

Idosi yokuqala inikwa ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa idosi yesibini neyesithathu zinikwa emva kweeveki ezimbini nezine. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aya kunikwa iintsuku ezingama-60 ecaleni kogonyo.

Ngubani ongafanele ayifumane?

Aba bantu balandelayo akufuneki bafumane iyeza lokuthintela i-anthrax:

• abantu abaye basabela kakubi okanye basongela ubomi kugonyo lwe-anthrax okanye naliphi na icandelo lalo
• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yeemeko ezizimele, i-HIV, okanye amayeza afana nonyango lomhlaza
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye bakholelwa ukuba banokukhulelwa
• abantu ababekhe banesifo i-anthrax ngaphambili
• abantu abagula ngokuphakathi (kufuneka balinde de bachache ukuze bagonywe)

Imiphumela

Njengalo naluphi na ugonyo okanye amayeza, isitofu sokuthintela i-anthrax sineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali

Ngokuka, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali zingabandakanya:

• ububomvu, ukudumba, okanye iqhuma kwindawo yenaliti
• iimvakalelo zokudakumba okanye ukurhawuzelela kwindawo yenaliti
• iintlungu zemisipha engalweni apho kunikwe khona inaliti, enokuthintela intshukumo
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe okanye ndidiniwe
• intloko ebuhlungu

Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zihlala zisombulula ngokwazo ngaphandle konyango.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinqabileyo nezingxamisekileyo

Ngokuka, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziphambili ezichaziweyo zibandakanya ukusabela okungafunekiyo emzimbeni njenge-anaphylaxis. Oku kusabela kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu okanye iiyure zokufumana isitofu sokugonya.

Kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis ukuze ukwazi ukufuna ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zingabandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukudumba emqaleni, emilebeni, okanye ebusweni
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• intlungu zesisu
• urhudo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• ndiziva ndinesiyezi
• isiqaqa

Ezi ntlobo zeempendulo zinqabile, kunye nesiqendu esichaziweyo ngeedosi ezili-100,000 ezinikiweyo.

Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi

Isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax akufuneki sinikezwe kunye nonyango lwe-immunosuppressive, kubandakanya ichemotherapy, i-corticosteroids, kunye nonyango lwemitha. Ezi zonyango zinokuthi zinciphise ukusebenza kwe-AVA.

Izinto zokugonya

Kunye neeproteni ezisebenza njengesixhobo esisebenzayo sokugonya i-anthrax, izilondolozo kunye nezinye izinto zenza isitofu sokugonya. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-aluminium hydroxide, isithako esiqhelekileyo kwii-antacids
• sodium chloride (ityuwa)
• benzethonium chloride
• i-formaldehyde

Ugonyo lwe-anthrax ezindabeni

Usenokuba ukhe weva malunga nogonyo lwe-anthrax ezindabeni kule minyaka idlulileyo. Oku kungenxa yenkxalabo kuluntu lomkhosi ngokubhekisele kwiziphumo zokugonywa kwe-anthrax. Liliphi ke ibali?

ISebe lezoKhuselo liqale inkqubo yokugonya i-anthrax ngo-1998. Injongo yale nkqubo yayikukukhusela amajoni ekuchaseni i-anthrax bacteria esetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-biological.

Iinkxalabo eziphuculweyo kuluntu lomkhosi ngokubhekisele kwimpembelelo yexesha elide kwezempilo kugonyo lwe-anthrax, ngakumbi kumagqala emfazwe eGulf. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaphandi abafumananga manyano phakathi kwesitofu sokugonya se-anthrax kunye nokugula kwexesha elide.

Ngo-2006, inkqubo yokugonya yahlaziywa ukuze yenze iyeza lokuthintela i-anthrax kumaqela amaninzi emkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, kusanyanzelekile kwabanye abasebenzi. La maqela abandakanya abo babandakanyeka kwimishini ekhethekileyo okanye bemi kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Umgca wezantsi

Isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax sikhusela kwi-anthrax, isifo esinokubulala esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Inye kuphela isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax e-United States. Yenziwe ziiproteni ezivela kwinkcubeko yebhaktiriya.

Ngamaqela athile abantu kuphela anokufumana iyeza lokuthintela i-anthrax, kubandakanya amaqela afana nezazinzulu ezithile zaselebhu, oogqirha bezilwanyana kunye nabezomkhosi. Inganikwa nomntu ongagonywanga ukuba uchanekile kwi-anthrax.

Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kugonyo lwe-anthrax zincinci kwaye ziyahamba emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kukho uvakalelo olunzima. Ukuba kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax, qiniseka ukuba uxoxe ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuzifumana.